Stevia
Mea Kākau:
Joan Hall
Lā O Ka Hana:
5 Pepeluali 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā:
23 Nowemapa 2024
Anter
ʻO Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) kahi ulu lāʻau ulu ʻōiwi mai ka hikina ʻākau ʻo Paraguay, Brazil a me ʻAtenitina. Ua ulu ʻia i kēia manawa i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, e like me Kanada a me kahi ʻāpana o ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa. ʻIke ʻia paha ia ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā meaʻono maoli.Lawe kekahi poʻe i ka stevia ma ka waha no nā kūlana e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko, ka maʻi kō, ka puʻuwai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema maikaʻi e kākoʻo i kēia mau hoʻohana.
Loaʻa nā huki mai nā lau stevia i mea ʻono ma nā ʻāina he nui. Ma ka US, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā lau stevia a me nā unuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonanea, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he "dietary supplement" a i ʻole nā huahana mālama ʻili. I Kēkēmapa 2008, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) kūlana i rebaudioside A, kekahi o nā kemika i stevia, e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai.
Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe nā helu kūpono e pili ana i nā hōʻike ʻepekema e like me ka pālākiō e hiki mai ana: Ka maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka lawa ʻole o nā hōʻike i ka helu.
Nā helu kūpono no STEVIA penei:
ʻAʻole lawa nā hōʻike e hōʻike i ka pono no ...
- Diabetes. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi mua e lawe ana i ka 1000 mg i kēlā me kēia lā o ka stevia leaf extract e hōʻemi paha i nā pae kō kō ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana e kahi mea liʻiliʻi i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes 2. Akā hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka lawe ʻana i 250 mg o stevioside, kahi kemika i loaʻa ma stevia, ʻekolu manawa i kēlā me kēia lā ʻaʻole e hoʻemi i ke kō kō ma hope o ʻekolu mau mahina o ka mālama ʻana.
- Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe. Pehea e pili ai ka stevia i ke kahe o ke koko ʻaʻole maopopo. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi e lawe ana i ka 750-1500 mg o stevioside, kahi hui kemika i stevia, i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻemi i ke kahe o ke koko systolic (ʻo ka helu kiʻekiʻe i ka heluhelu ʻana i ke koko) e 10-14 mmHg a me ke kaomi koko diastolic (ka helu haʻahaʻa) e 6 14 mmHg. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike kekahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka lawe ʻana i ka stevioside ʻaʻole ia e hoʻemi i ke kahe o ke koko.
- Nā pilikia puʻuwai.
- Puʻuwai puʻuwai.
- Kaumaha emi.
- Ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai.
- Nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Stevia kahi mea kanu i loaʻa nā meaʻono maoli i hoʻohana ʻia i nā meaʻai. Ua loiloi pū kekahi nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hopena o nā kemika i stevia i ke kaomi koko a me nā pae kō kō. Eia naʻe, ua huikau nā hopena noiʻi.
Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha: Stevia a me nā kemika i loko o stevia, me stevioside a me rebaudioside A, no LIKELY SAFE ke lawe ʻia e ka waha me he mea lā momona i nā meaʻai. Ua ʻike ʻo Rebaudioside A i ke ʻano palekana (GRAS) kūlana ma ka US no ka hoʻohana ʻana i mea hoʻonoe no nā meaʻai. Ua hoʻohana palekana ʻia ʻo Stevioside i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā lāʻau a i ka 1500 mg i kēlā me kēia lā no 2 mau makahiki. Hiki i kekahi poʻe e lawe stevia a i ʻole stevioside ke ʻike i ka bloating a i ʻole ka nausea. Ua hōʻike ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i nā manaʻo o ka lī, ka ʻeha o ka mākala, a me ka helu.
Hiki i kekahi poʻe e lawe stevia a i ʻole stevioside ke ʻike i ka bloating a i ʻole ka nausea. Ua hōʻike ka poʻe ʻē aʻe i nā manaʻo o ka lī, ka ʻeha o ka mākala, a me ka helu.
Nā mālama a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūikawā:
Hāpai a me ka hānai umauma: ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻike pono e ʻike inā palekana ka lawe ʻana i ka stevia ke hāpai a hānai umauma paha. Noho ma ka ʻaoʻao palekana a pale i ka hoʻohana.Allergy i ragweed a pili nā mea kanu: ʻO Stevia i loko o ka ʻohana kanu Asteraceae / Compositae. Aia kēia ʻohana i ka ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe he nui. I ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i ka poʻe i maʻalahi i ka ragweed a me nā mea kanu e pili pū ana ke makaʻala i ka stevia.
Diabetes: Ke hōʻike nei kekahi mau noiʻi e hoʻomohala nei i kekahi o nā kemikū i loko o ka stevia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae kō kō a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka kaohi kō kō. Eia naʻe, ʻae ʻole nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes a lawe i ka stevia a i ʻole kekahi o nā meaʻono i loaʻa iā ia, e nānā pono i kāu kō kō i ke kō a hōʻike i kāu ʻike i kāu kauka.
Kaomi haʻahaʻa: Aia kekahi mau hōʻike, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paʻa, hiki i kekahi o nā kemika i stevia ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kahe o ke koko. Aia kekahi hopohopo e hiki i kēia mau kemikal ke kumu e hāʻule haʻahaʻa i ke kahe o ke koko i ka poʻe i loaʻa ke koko haʻahaʻa. E kiʻi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a kāu kauka olakino ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka stevia a i ʻole nā mea ʻono i loaʻa, inā he haʻahaʻa ke koko.
- Kānāwai
- E akahele me kēia hui ʻana.
- Likiuma
- He hopena paha kā Stevia e like me ka paila wai a i ʻole "diuretic." Lawe ka stevia i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka lithium o ke kino. I ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i kēia ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lithium i loko o ke kino a hopena i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka olakino ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia huahana inā lawe ʻoe i ka lithium. Pono e loli i kāu mahele lāʻau lithium.
- Mea liʻiliʻi
- E makaʻala me kēia hui pū.
- Nā lāʻau no ka maʻi kō (Antidiabetes lāʻau)
- Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha ka stevia i ke kō i ke kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. I ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i ka stevia ke hana i kahi pilina me nā lāʻau diabetes e hiki ai ke piʻi haʻahaʻa i ke kō kō. akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā noiʻi āpau e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka stevia i ke kō kō. No laila, ʻaʻole maopopo inā he hopohopo nui kēia pilina kūpono. Aia a ʻike ʻia ka mea hou aku, e kiaʻi pono i kāu kō kō inā lawe ʻoe i ka stevia. Pono e hoʻololi i ka mahele lāʻau o kāu lāʻau diabetes.
ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka maʻi kō me glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), a me kekahi . - Nā lāʻau no ke koko kiʻekiʻe (Antihypertensive lāʻau lapaʻau)
- Hōʻike kekahi noiʻi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha ka stevia i ke kahe o ke koko. I ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka stevia me nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i kou kahe koko. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi ʻaʻole pili ka stevia i ke kaomi koko. No laila, ʻaʻole maopopo inā he hopohopo nui kēia pilina kūpono.
ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau no ke koko kiʻekiʻe me captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. .
- ʻO nā lau nahele a me nā mea hoʻopili e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kahe o ke koko
- E hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha ʻo Stevia i ke koko. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana ia me nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopili ʻē aʻe i loaʻa kēia hopena like e hoʻonui paha i ka makaʻu o ke kahe o ke koko e hāʻule haʻahaʻa ana i kekahi poʻe. ʻO kekahi o kēia huahana me andrographis, casein peptides, claw o ka pōpoki, coenzyme Q-10, aila iʻa, L-arginine, lycium, ʻupena hoʻopuʻupuʻu, theanine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO nā lau nahele a me nā mea hoʻopili e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai i ke kō kō
- E hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha ʻo Stevia i ke kō kō. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana ia me nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopili ʻē aʻe i like ka hopena e hoʻoliʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa i ke kō kō i kekahi poʻe. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau huahana e laʻa me ka alpha-lipoic acid, melon ʻawaʻawa, chromium, māiʻuʻu diabolō, fenugreek, kālika, ʻapi kāpili, hua chestnut lio, ginseng Panax, psyllium, ginseng Siberian, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā launa me nā meaʻai.
Azucacaa, Caa-He-É, Ca-A-Jhei, Ca-A-Yupi, Capim Doce, Chanvre dʻEau, Eira-Caa, Erva Doce, Estevia, Eupatorium rebaudianum, Green Stevia, Kaa Jhee, Mustelia eupatoria, Paraguayan Stevioside, Plante Sucrée, Reb A, Rebaudioside A, Rébaudioside A, Rebiana, Stévia, Stevia eupatoria, Stevia Plant, Stevia purpurea, Stevia rebaudiana, Stevioside, Sweet Herb of Paraguay, Sweet Herb, Sweet Leaf o Paraguay, Sweetleaf, Yerba Dulce.
E aʻo hou aʻe ai pehea i kākau ʻia ai kēia ʻatikala, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe ʻano hana.
- Stamataki NS, Scott C, Elliott R, McKie S, Bosscher D, McLaughlin JT. ʻO Stevia Beverage Cons konsum ma mua o ka Lunch Hoʻoemi i ka Appetite a me ka Total Energy Intake me ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻana i ka Glycemia a i ʻole nā Bias Attentional i nā Hōʻike ʻAi: He Hoʻokolohua Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻohālikelike ʻelua makapō i nā ʻelemakule olakino. ʻO J Nutr. 2020; 150: 1126-1134. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Farhat G, Berset V, ʻo Moore L. Nā hopena o Stevia Extract ma ka Postprandial Glucose Response, Satiety a me Energy Intake: ʻO kahi hoʻokolokolo ʻo Three-Arm Crossover. Nutrients. 2019; 11: 3036. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Ajami M, Seyfi M, Abdollah Pouri Hosseini F, et al. Nā hopena o stevia ma ka glycemic a me ka lipid profile o nā maʻi diabetic ʻano 2: kahi hoʻāʻo i hoʻomalu ʻia. ʻO Avicenna J Phytomed. 2020; 10: 118-127. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Lemus-Mondaca R, Vega-Galvez A, Zura-Bravo L, ʻo Ah-Hen K. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, kahi kumu o kahi mea hoʻonanea kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe: He loiloi piha e pili ana i ka biochemical, nutritional a me nā ʻano hana. Kemika Mea ʻai. 2012; 132: 1121-1132.
- ʻO Taware, A. S., Mukadam, D. S., a me Chavan, A. M. Hana Antimicrobial o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o Callus a me nā māla i kanu ʻia i ka Tissue o Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni). Ka Nūpepa o ka noiʻi ʻepekema noi 2010; 6: 883-887.
- Yadav, A. He loiloi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). Ka Nūpepa Kanadaʻo Science Science 2011; 91: 1-27.
- Klongpanichpak, S., Temcharoen, P., Toskulkao, C., Apibal, S., a me Glinsukon, T. Ka nele o ka mutagenicity o stevioside a me steviol ma Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 a me TA 100. J Med Assoc Thai. 1997; 80 Hōʻuluʻulu 1: S121-S128. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- DʻAgostino, M., De Simone, F., Pizza, C., a me Aquino, R. [Sterols in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni]. ʻO Boll.Soc Ital Biol Sper. 12-30-1984; 60: 2237-2240. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Kinghorn, A. D., Soejarto, D. D., Nanayakkara, N. P., Compadre, C. M., Makapugay, H. C., Hovanec-Brown, J. M., Medon, P. J., a me Kamath, S. K. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e pono ai ka ent-kaurene glycosides i loko o ka genus Stevia. ʻO J Nat Prod. 1984; 47: 439-444. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Chaturvedula, V. S. a me Prakash, I. Nā hanana o ka puke diterpene glycosides mai Stevia rebaudiana. Kalepona. Res 6-1-2011; 346: 1057-1060. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Chaturvedula, V. S., Rhea, J., Milanowski, D., Mocek, U., a me Prakash, I. ʻElua mau glycosides diterpene mai nā lau o Stevia rebaudiana. Nat.Prod Commun 2011; 6: 175-178. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Li, J., Jiang, H., a me Shi, R. He gylcoside quercetin hou acylated mai nā lau o Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Nat.Prod Res 2009; 23: 1378-1383. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Yang, P. S., Lee, J. J., Tsao, C. W., Wu, H. T., a me Cheng, J. T. Ka hopena hoʻonāukiuki o stevioside i nā peripheral mu opioid receptor i nā holoholona. Neurosci. Lett 4-17-2009; 454: 72-75. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Takasaki, M., Konoshima, T., Kozuka, M., Tokuda, H., Takayasu, J., Nishino, H., Miyakoshi, M., Mizutani, K., a me Lee, K. H. Nā mea pale pale maʻi maʻi maʻi. Mahele 8: Nā hopena Chemopreventive o stevioside a me nā mea hoʻohui like. ʻO Bioorg.Med.Chem. 1-15-2009; 17: 600-605. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Yodyingyuad, V. a me Bunyawong, S. Ka hopena o stevioside i ka ulu a me ka hana hou ʻana. Hum.Puka hou. 1991; 6: 158-165. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Geuns, J. M., Buyse, J., Vankeirsbilck, A., a me Temme, E. H. Metabolism o stevioside e nā kumuhana olakino. Exp Biol Med (Maywood.) 2007; 232: 164-173. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Boonkaewwan, C., Toskulkao, C., a me Vongsakul, M. Nā Hana Anti-Inflamirus a me Immunomodulatory o Stevioside a me kāna Metabolite Steviol ma nā THP-1 Cells. ʻO J Agric. Meaʻai Meaʻai 2-8-2006; 54: 785-789. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Chen, T. H., Chen, S. C., Chan, P., Chu, Y. L., Yang, H. Y., a me Cheng, J. T. Mekanism o ka hopena hypoglycemic o stevioside, kahi glycoside o Stevia rebaudiana. Planta Med 2005; 71: 108-113. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Abudula, R., Jeppesen, P. B., Rolfsen, S. E., Xiao, J., a me Hermansen, K. Rebaudioside Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika kahi huna ʻana i ka insulin mai nā ʻāpana iole i kaʻawale: nā noiʻi ma ka dose, glucose, a me ka hilinaʻi calcium. Metabolism 2004; 53: 1378-1381. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Gardana, C., Simonetti, P., Canzi, E., Zanchi, R., a me Pietta, P. Metabolism o stevioside a me rebaudioside A mai nā Stevia rebaudiana i unuhi ʻia e microflora kanaka. J.Agric. Meaʻai Kemika. 10-22-2003; 51: 6618-6622. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Jeppesen, PB, Gregersen, S., Rolfsen, SE, Jepsen, M., Colombo, M., Agger, A., Xiao, J., Kruhoffer, M., Orntoft, T., a me Hermansen, K. Antihyperglycemic a me ke koko-hoʻoliʻiliʻi hopena o stevioside i ka diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. Metabolism 2003; 52: 372-378. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Koyama, E., Kitazawa, K., Ohori, Y., Izawa, O., Kakegawa, K., Fujino, A., a me Ui, M. In vitro metabolism o nā mea momona glycosidic, hui stevia a me stevia enzymatically hoʻololi microflora ʻōpū kanaka. ʻO Chem Chem.Toxicol. 2003; 41: 359-374. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Yasukawa, K., Kitanaka, S., a me Seo, S. Ka hopena o stevioside i ka hoʻolauna pū ʻia e 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate i loko o ka maʻi kanesa ʻelua ma ka ʻiole o ka ʻiole. ʻO Biol Pharm Bull. 2002; 25: 1488-1490. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Jeppesen, P. B., Gregersen, S., Alstrup, K. K., a me Hermansen, ʻo K. Stevioside e hoʻohuli i nā hopena antihyperglycaemic, insulinotropic a me glucagonostatic i loko o vivo: nā noiʻi i nāʻiole Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic. Phytomedicine 2002; 9: 9-14. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Lee, C. N., Wong, K. L., Liu, J. C., Chen, Y. J., Cheng, J. T., a me Chan, P. Nā hopena o stevioside i ka calcium i komo i loko e hana i ka antihypertension. Planta Med 2001; 67: 796-799. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Aritajat, S., Kaweewat, K., Manosroi, J., a me Manosroi, A. Dominant lethal hoʻokolohua i nāʻiole i mālama ʻia me kekahi mau mea kanu mea kanu. Hikina Hema Asia J Trop. Med Health Health 2000; 31 Hōʻuluʻulu 1: 171-173. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Ferri LA, Alves-Do-Prado W, Yamada SS, et al. Nānā i ka hopena antihypertensive o stevioside waha waha i nā mea maʻi me ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Phytother Res 2006; 20: 732-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Barriocanal LA, Palacios M, Benitez G, et al. ʻIke ʻole ka hopena o ka lāʻau o steviol glycosides i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā meaʻono i nā kānaka. Ke aʻo pailaka o nā hōʻike hou ʻana i kekahi mau kānaka normotensive a me ka manaʻo nui a ma ka Type 1 a me ka Type 2 diabetics. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 51: 37-41. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Boonkaewwan C, Ao M, Toskulkao C, Rao MC. Nā hana immunomodulatory a me nā hana huna a stevioside a me steviol i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū. ʻO J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 3777-84. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Prakash I, Dubois GE, Clos JF, et al. Hoʻomohala o rebiana, kahi kūlohelohe kūlohelohe ʻole. Nānā Chem Toxicol 2008; 46 Hōʻailona 7: S75-82. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Maki KC, Curry LL, Carakostas MC, et al. Nā hopena hemodynamic o rebaudioside A i nā mākua olakino me ke kaomi maʻamau a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Nānā Chem Toxicol 2008; 46 Hōʻailona 7: S40-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Brusick DJ. ʻO kahi loiloi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoweliweli genetic o steviol a me steviol glycosides. Nānā Chem Toxicol 2008; 46 Hōʻailona 7: S83-91. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- CFSAN / Keʻena ʻo ka palekana mea hoʻohui meaʻai. Palapala pane a ka ʻĀina: GRAS Hoʻolaha Helu 000252. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, December 17, 2008. Loaʻa ma: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~rdb/opa-g252.html.
- CFSAN / Keʻena ʻo ka palekana mea hoʻohui meaʻai. Loaʻa nā hoʻolaha GRAS i ka makahiki 2008. GRN Helu 252. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, December 2008. Loaʻa ma: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~rdb/opa-gn08.html.
- Lailerd N, Saengsirisuwan V, Sloniger JA, et al. Nā hopena o ka stevioside ma ka hana halihali glucose i ka mākala iwi ʻiole ʻo ka insulin-sensitive a me ka insulin. Metabolism 2004; 53: 101-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Gregersen S, Jeppesen PB, Holst JJ, Hermansen K. Nā hopena antihyperglycemic o stevioside i nā kumuhana diabetic ʻano 2. Nā Metabolism 2004; 53: 73-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Loaʻa iā JM. ʻO Stevioside. Phytochemistry 2003; 64: 913-21. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Chan P, Tomlinson B, Chen YJ, et al. ʻO kahi noiʻi placebo-kāohi makapō papalua o ka pono a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka stevioside waha i ka hanu kanaka. ʻO Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 50: 215-20. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Hsieh MH, Chan P, Sue YM, et al. Ka hoʻokō ʻana a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka stevioside waha i nā mea maʻi me ka hanu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: he ʻelua makahiki, ke aʻo ʻia, kahi placebo-kāohi ʻia. ʻO Clin Ther 2003; 25: 2797-808. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO FDA. Keʻena ʻoihana hoʻoponopono. Ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana o nā lau stevia, ʻāpana o nā lau stevia, a me nā meaʻai i loaʻa stevia. http://www.fda.gov/ora/fiars/ora_import_ia4506.html (Loaʻa iā 21 ʻApelila 2004).
- Morimoto T, Kotegawa T, Tsutsumi K, et al. Ka hopena o ka wort a St. John ma nā pharmacokinetics o theophylline i nā mea manawaleʻa olakino. ʻO J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 44: 95-101. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Wasuntarawat C, Temcharoen P, Toskulkao C, et al. Hoʻoweliweli hoʻomohala o steviol, kahi metabolite o stevioside, i ka hamster. Lāʻau lapaʻau Chem Toxicol 1998; 21: 207-22. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Toskulkao C, Sutheerawatananon M, Wanichanon C, et al. Nā hopena o stevioside a me steviol ma ka lawe ʻana i ka glucose ʻōpū i nā hamsters. ʻO J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995; 41: 105-13. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Melis MS. Nā hopena o ka hoʻoponopono mau ʻana o Stevia rebaudiana i ka momona o nāʻiole. ʻO J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 67: 157-61. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Poulsen CR, Hermansen K. Stevioside e hana pololei ma nā pancreatic beta cell e hūnā i ka insulin: nā hana kūʻokoʻa i ka cyclic adenosine monophosphate a me adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K + -channel hana. Metabolism 2000; 49: 208-14. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Melis MS, Sainati AR. Ka hopena o ka calcium a me ka verapamil ma ka hana renal o nā ʻiole i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me stevioside. ʻO J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 33: 257-622. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Hubler MO, Bracht A, Kelmer-Bracht AM. Ka hopena o stevioside ma nā pae hepatic glycogen i nā ʻiole wikiwiki. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1994; 84: 111-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Pezzuto JM, Compadre CM, Swanson SM, et al. ʻO ka steviol Metabolically activated, ka aglycone o stevioside, he mutagenic. ʻO Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 2478-82. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Matsui M, Matsui K, Kawasaki Y, et al. ʻO ka loiloi o ka genotoxicity o stevioside a me steviol me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻeono in vitro a me hoʻokahi i nā hoʻokolohua vivo mutagenicity. ʻO Mutagenesis 1996; 11: 573-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Melis MS. ʻO ka lawelawe ʻana i nā wā aqueous o Stevia rebaudiana i nāʻiole: nā hopena o ka renal. ʻO J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 47: 129-34. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Melis MS. Hoʻonui ka hua ʻino o Stevia rebaudiana i ka kahe o ka plasma renal o nā ʻiole maʻamau a hypertensive. ʻO Braz J Med Biol Res 1996; 29: 669-75. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- Chan P, Xu DY, Liu JC, et al. ʻO ka hopena o stevioside ma ke kaomi koko a me nā catecholamines plasma i nā ʻiole hypertensive spontaneous. Life Sci 1998; 63: 1679-84. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Curi R, Alvarez M, Bazotte RB, et al. Ka hopena o Stevia rebaudiana ma ke ahonui glucose i nā kānaka makua maʻamau. ʻO Braz J Med Biol Res 1986; 19: 771-4. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
- ʻO Tomita T, Sato N, Arai T, et al. ʻO ka hana bactericidal o kahi wai wai wela i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni i enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 a me nā meaola maʻi pathogenic i lawe ʻia i ka meaʻai. Microbiol Immunol 1997; 41: 1005-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.