Mea Kākau: Eugene Taylor
Lā O Ka Hana: 9 Aukake 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 17 Nowemapa 2024
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He aha ka euthanasia?

E kuhikuhi ana ʻo Euthanasia i ka hoʻopau ʻino ʻana i ke ola o kekahi, maʻamau e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha. Hana nā kauka i kekahi manawa i ka euthanasia ke noi ʻia e ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi a ʻeha nui.

He hana paʻakikī a pili i ke kaupaona ʻana i nā kumu he nui. ʻO nā kānāwai kūloko, ke olakino a me ka noʻonoʻo o kekahi, a me ko lākou mau manaʻo pilikino a me nā makemake āpau.

E heluhelu e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano like o ka euthanasia, ke hoʻohana ʻia, a me kahi a lākou e kū kānāwai ai.

Aia he mau ʻano ʻokoʻa?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka euthanasia. Aia ka mea i koho ʻia i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me ka nānā a me ka pae o ka ʻike o kekahi.

Kōkua iā ia iho a me euthanasia

Kāhea ʻia ke kūpale ʻia i kekahi manawa e kapa ʻia he kauka-kōkua kūpale (PAS). PAS ʻo ia hoʻi, kōkua ke kauka ʻike i kekahi e hoʻopau i ko lākou ola. Keʻike nei paha kēia kanaka i ka ʻeha mau a mau ʻole. Ua loaʻa paha iā lākou kahi hōʻailona maʻi maʻi kau.E hoʻoholo kā lākou kauka i ke kahe pono loa, ʻano ʻeha ʻole.


I nā hihia, hāʻawi nā kauka i ka poʻe i ka lāʻau hiki iā lākou ke lawe e hoʻopau i ko lākou ola. ʻO kahi lāʻau make o opioids, no ka laʻana, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia no kēia. I ka hopena, aia i ke kanaka ke hoʻoholo inā lawe lākou i ka lāʻau.

Me ka euthanasia, ʻae ʻia kahi kauka e hoʻopau i ke ola o ke kanaka e nā mea ʻeha ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi injection o kahi lāʻau make.

ʻEleu vs. passive

Ke manaʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe i ka euthanasia, manaʻo lākou i ke kauka e hoʻopau pololei ana i ke ola o kekahi. ʻIke ʻia kēia euthanasia ʻeleu. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai i kahi lāʻau make o kahi mea hoʻohiamoe e manaʻo ʻia he euthanasia hana.

Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Passut euthanasia i kekahi manawa me ke kaohi ʻana a i ʻole ka palena ʻana i nā mālama ola ʻana i mea e hele wikiwiki ai ke kanaka. Hiki i ke kauka ke kauoha aku i nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau hoʻomake ʻeha. ʻO ka manawa i hala, lilo ka lāʻau i mea ʻona.

Hana kēia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka passut euthanasia a me ka mālama palliative blurry. Mālama ka mālama Palliative i ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe me ka ʻoluʻolu i ka hopena o ko lākou ola.


ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kahi kauka mālama palliative ke ʻae i kahi mea e hoʻokokoke ana i ka make e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i kahi lāʻau i kumu i nā hopena ʻoluʻolu ʻole. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ʻae paha lākou i kekahi e lawe i kahi lāʻau ʻoi loa ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi lāʻauʻeha e mālama ai i kaʻeha nui. ʻO kēia ka mahele maʻamau o ka mālama palliative maikaʻi. ʻAʻole manaʻo ka hapa nui he euthanasia.

Voluntary vs. nonvoluntary

Inā hoʻoholo kekahi e ʻimi i ke kōkua me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ko lākou ola, ua manaʻo ʻia he euthanasia manawaleʻa. Pono ke kanaka e hāʻawi i kā lākou ʻae piha a hōʻike e maopopo maopopo iā lākou ka mea e hiki mai ana.

Pili ka euthanasia nonvoluntary i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ana e hoʻopau i ko haʻi ola. ʻO kahi lālā o ka ʻohana pili loa e hoʻoholo maʻamau. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia i ka wā e ʻike maka ʻole ai a paʻa mau ai paha kekahi. Hoʻohui pinepine ia i ka euthanasia passive, e like me ka huki ʻana i ke kākoʻo ola mai kahi mea e hōʻike ʻole ana i nā hōʻailona o ka hana lolo.

Kūpono ʻia ka euthanasia?

Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe e pili ana i ka loina a me ke kūlike o euthanasia a me PAS no nā kenekulia. I kēia lā, ʻokoʻa nā kānāwai e pili ana i ka euthanasia a me PAS ma nā mokuʻāina a me nā ʻāina.


Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kū kānāwai ʻo PAS ma:

  • Wakinekona
  • ʻO Oregon
  • Kaleponi
  • Kolorado
  • Montana
  • Vermont
  • Wakinekona, D.C.
  • Hawaii (e hoʻomaka ana i ka 2019)

He ʻokoʻa nā koi kū kānāwai o kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina a me Wakinekona. ʻAʻole kū kānāwai nā hihia āpau o PAS. Hoʻohui ʻia, nui nā mokuʻāina i kēia manawa i nā ana PAS ma nā balota kānāwai, no laila e ulu paha kēia papa inoa.

Ma waho o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kū kānāwai ʻo PAS ma:

  • Kuikilana
  • Kelemānia
  • Iapana

Euthanasia, me PAS, kū kānāwai i nā ʻāina he nui, e like me:

  • Netherlands
  • Pelekiuma
  • Lukemapuka
  • Kolomepia
  • Kanaka

Nā ʻoiaʻiʻo Euthanasia

ʻO Euthanasia kahi kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau. Ua nui ka nui o ka noiʻi i hana ʻia e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe e pili ana iā ia a me ka pinepine o ka hoʻohana maoli ʻia.

Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi balota 2013 ma ka New England Journal of Medicine ua loaʻa he 65 pākēneka o ka poʻe ma 74 mau ʻāina i kūʻē iā PAS. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he 67 pākēneka o ka poʻe kūʻē iā ia.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui ma 11 o nā ʻāina 74 i koho balota iā PAS. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea koho balota ma 18 mau mokuʻāina ʻo U.S. i hōʻike i ke kākoʻo no PAS. ʻO Wakinekona a me Oregon, ka mea i ʻae i ka PAS i ka manawa o ke koho balota, ʻaʻole i waena o kēlā mau mokuʻāina he 18. Hōʻike kēia i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka euthanasia a me PAS ke loli koke nei.

Ma o 2017, ua loaʻa i kahi balota Gallup kahi hoʻololi nui o nā ʻano i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAneʻane ʻekolu hapahā o ka poʻe i noi ʻia euthanasia i kākoʻo ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he 67 pakeneka hou e ʻae ʻia nā kauka e kōkua i nā mea maʻi me ka pepehi kanaka.

ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ma United Kingdom ʻaʻole i makemake ka hapanui o nā kauka i ka euthanasia manawaleʻa a me PAS. ʻO kā lākou kūʻē nui i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā pilikia haipule.

Hoʻonui

I nā ʻāina kahi e kū kānāwai ai, loaʻa kahi euthanasia i loaʻa no 0.3 a 4.6 pakeneka o ka make. Ma mua o 70 pākēneka o kēlā mau make i pili i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka loiloi ma Wakinekona a me Oregon, ua kākau nā kauka ma lalo o ka 1 pākēneka o nā kauka no ke kōkua ʻana iā ia iho.

ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka euthanasia

Nui nā paio no a e kūʻē iā euthanasia a me PAS. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau paio i loko o ʻehā mau papa nui:

ʻO ka pono a me ka hoʻomana

Manaʻo kekahi poʻe he pepehi kanaka ka euthanasia a ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻaʻole ia no nā kumu kūpono. Nui ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei ka hiki i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kou make ponoʻī ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka laʻa o ke ola. Eia hou, nui nā hale pule, nā hui haipule, a me nā ʻoihana hilinaʻi e kūʻē nei i ka euthanasia no nā kumu like.

Hoʻoholo kauka

ʻAe kū kānāwai ʻo PAS inā hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo pono ke koho. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei loa ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hiki o ka noʻonoʻo o kekahi. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i nā kauka ke hoʻomaopopo i ka wā kūpono i kekahi e hoʻoholo.

Kumuhana

Ke hopohopo nei kekahi mau kauka a me nā mea kūʻē o PAS e pili ana i nā pilikia e hiki ai i nā kauka ke kū. No nā makahiki he 2,500, ua hoʻohiki ka poʻe kauka Hippocratic. Paipai kēia hoʻohiki i nā kauka e mālama a mai hōʻino wale i ka poʻe ma lalo o kā lākou mālama.

Kūkākūkā kekahi ke kākoʻo nei ka hoʻohiki Hippocratic iā PAS ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻeha a ʻaʻole e lawe hou i kahi ʻino. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kekahi mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa e hopena ana i ka pōʻino i ke kanaka a me kā lākou poʻe aloha, nā mea e kiaʻi i kā lākou mea aloha e ʻehaʻeha nei.

Koho pilikino

ʻO "Make me ka hanohano" kahi neʻe e paipai i nā ʻahaʻōlelo e ʻae i ka poʻe e hoʻoholo pehea lākou e make ai. ʻAʻole makemake kekahi poʻe e hele i kahi kaʻina make lōʻihi, pinepine no ka hopohopo ʻole i ka ukana e kau ana i kā lākou mea aloha.

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻoholo ʻana

ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana iā PAS nāu iho a i kahi mea aloha paha he paʻakikī loa, ʻoiai inā aia ka ʻaelike a kēlā me kēia.

Hāʻawi ka National Hospice a me Palliative Care Organization i nā kumuwaiwai manuahi he nui ma kā lākou pūnaewele ma o kā lākou polokalamu CaringInfo. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia papahana e kōkua i ka poʻe e hoʻokele i nā pilikia o ka hopena hopena o ke ola, mai nā kānāwai mokuʻāina a loaʻa i ke kākoʻo ʻuhane.

He waiwai nui hoʻi ka National Institute on Aging. Hāʻawi lākou i nā nīnau nui e nīnau a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā kauka a me nā loea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka mālama ola hope loa.

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