He aha ia mea he Pandemi?

Anter

• He aha ka maʻi ahulau?
• He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka maʻi ahulau a me ka maʻi ahulau?
• Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka maʻi ahulau?
• E nānā i nā nūhou mai nā ʻoihana olakino
• Mālama i kou hale me ka lako o nā meaʻai a me nā mea pono he 2 mau pule
• E hoʻopihapiha i kāu ʻōkuhi ma mua o ka manawa
• Hana i kahi hoʻolālā o ka hana i ka hanana o ka maʻi
• Nā Pandemics i ke kenekulia i hala
• 1918 maʻi ahulau (H1N1 virus): 1918-1920
• 1957 maʻi ahulau (H2N2 virus): 1957-1958
• 1968 maʻi ahulau (H3N2 virus): 1968-1969
• SARS-CoV: 2002-2003
• Flu puaʻa (H1N1pdm09 virus): 2009
• MERS-CoV: 2012–2013
• Ebola: 2014–2016
• COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): 2019 – e mau nei
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

ʻO ka laha honua ʻana o COVID-19 i kēia manawa ua waiho i nā poʻe he nui me ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o kēia maʻi hou. Aia i waena o kēlā mau hopohopo kahi nīnau nui i loko o ka nīnau: He aha ke ʻano o ka maʻi ahulau?

Ua hoʻolaha ākea ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka coronavirus novel, SARS-CoV-2, ma ke ʻano he maʻi ahulau e ka World Health Organization (WHO) ma muli o ke kū koke ʻana a hoʻonui ʻia a puni ka honua.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ka mea e wehewehe ai i ka maʻi ahulau, pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka maʻi ahulau, a ehia mau pandemics i pili iā mākou i ka moʻolelo hou.

He aha ka maʻi ahulau?

Wahi a ka, ua wehewehe ʻia kahi maʻi ahulau e like me ka "laha honua holoʻokoʻa i kahi maʻi hou."

Ke puka mua kahi maʻi hou, hapa ka hapanui o mākou i ka pale kūlohelohe e kaua aku iā ia. Hiki i kēia ke kumu o ka palahalaha, i kekahi manawa wikiwiki, hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ma waena o nā kānaka, ma nā kaiaulu, a puni ka honua. Me ka ʻole o ka pale pilikino i ke kaua ʻana i kahi maʻi, hiki i nā poʻe he nui ke lilo i maʻi i ka pālahalaha ʻana.

ʻO ka WHO ke kuleana no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kū ʻana o kahi maʻi ahulau hou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o kēia mau mea:

• Papa 1. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia nā virus e hele nei i waena o nā lehulehu holoholona e hoʻouna i nā kānaka. ʻAʻole lākou i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻoweliweli a aia a liʻiliʻi ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ahulau.
• Kau 2. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi maʻi maʻi holoholona e hele nei i waena o nā lehulehu holoholona e hoʻouna i nā kānaka. Kuhi ʻia kēia virus hou he hoʻoweliweli a hōʻailona i ka hiki ke loaʻa i kahi maʻi ahulau.
• Kau 3. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi virus i nā maʻi i loko o kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā kānaka ma o ka holoholona i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, haʻahaʻa loa ke kanaka i ka lawe ʻana o ke kanaka i mea e hōʻeha ai nā kaiāulu. Kuhi kēia i ka maʻi i nā kānaka i ka makaʻu akā ʻaʻole paha e hoʻokumu i kahi maʻi ahulau.
• Pae 4. Loaʻa ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ke kanaka i kekahi maʻi hou i nā helu he nui i hiki ai i nā maʻi kaiāulu. Kēia ʻano lawe ma waena o nā kānaka e hōʻailona i ka makaʻu nui o kahi maʻi ahulau e ulu ana.
• Pae 5. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi hou ma nā ʻāina ʻelua ma loko o ka. ʻOiai ʻelua wale nō mau ʻāina i hoʻopili ʻia e ka maʻi hou i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi ahulau.
• Mokuna 6. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi hou i hoʻokahi ʻāina hou aku ma waena o ka moku ʻo WHO. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻo ka pae pandemia a me nā hōʻailona e kū nei kahi maʻi ahulau o ka honua i kēia manawa.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai ma luna, ʻaʻole pono e wehewehe ʻia nā pandemics e ko lākou ulu ulu akā e ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau hiki ke kōkua i nā luna olakino e hoʻomākaukau no kahi ahulau.

Nui ka poʻe e ukali i kahi ulu a hoʻolaha paha i wehewehe ʻia e like me ka ulu exponential. Hoʻolahalaha kēia ma ka wikiwiki i kahi manawa kikoʻī o nā manawa - nā lā, nā pule, a me nā mahina.

E noʻonoʻo e hoʻokele i kahi kaʻa a kaomi i ka pedal gas. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kāu huakaʻi, ʻo ka wikiwiki ke hele - ʻo ia ka ulu exponential. He nui nā maʻi maʻi mua, e like me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi 1918 influenza, me he mea lā e ukali i kēia ʻano ulu.

Hoʻolahalaha kekahi mau maʻi i ka sub-exponentially, kahi i ka wikiwiki. Ua like kēia me kahi kaʻa e mālama i ka wikiwiki i mua - ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki i ka mamao o kāna huakaʻi.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia kekahi e like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi Ebola 2014 i kahi holomua o ka maʻi i ka pae kūloko i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻoiai ua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, a i ʻole exponentially, i kekahi.

Ke ʻike nā luna olakino lehulehu i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi, hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā lākou e hoʻoholo i ka wikiwiki e pono ai mākou e neʻe e kōkua i ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i kēlā hoʻolaha.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka maʻi ahulau a me ka maʻi ahulau?

ʻO ka maʻi ahulau a me ka maʻi ahulau nā ʻōlelo pili e wehewehe i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kahi maʻi.

• ʻO An ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kahi maʻi i kahi kaiāulu a i ʻole ʻāpana i kahi manawa kikoʻī. Hiki i nā Epidemics ke loli ma muli o ka wahi o ka maʻi, pehea ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i hōʻike ʻia, a me nā mea hou aʻe.
• A maʻi ahulau he ʻano maʻi ahulau i laha aku i ʻekolu mau ʻāina i loko o ka moku ʻo WHO.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka maʻi ahulau?

Hiki i kahi maʻi ahulau ke lilo i manawa maopopo ʻole no nā poʻe he nui a puni ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pale pale maʻi ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

E nānā i nā nūhou mai nā ʻoihana olakino

Hiki i nā lono hou mai ka WHO a me nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi, e like me ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho a me kou ʻohana i ka wā o ka maʻi.

Hiki i nā nūhou kūloko ke mālama hou iā ʻoe i nā kānāwai hou e hoʻokō ʻia nei i ka wā o ke ahulau.

Mālama i kou hale me ka lako o nā meaʻai a me nā mea pono he 2 mau pule

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā Lockdowns a me nā quarantine i ka wā o ka maʻi ahulau e hoʻōlohi a hoʻopau paha i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi. Inā hiki, e mālama i kāu lumi kuke me nā meaʻai a me nā mea pono e pili ana i kahi manawa o 2 mau pule. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai ka waihona a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana ma mua o kāu hiki ke hoʻohana ma mua o 2 mau pule.

E hoʻopihapiha i kāu ʻōkuhi ma mua o ka manawa

Hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka hoʻopihapiha ʻia o nā lāʻau i mua o ka manawa i ka hihia e lilo nā hale kūʻai lāʻau a me nā haukapila i mea kaumaha. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau over-the-counter ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻalahi ʻana i nā ʻōuli āu e ʻike ai inā ʻaelike ʻoe i ka maʻi a pono ʻoe e quarantine ponoʻī.

Hana i kahi hoʻolālā o ka hana i ka hanana o ka maʻi

ʻOiai inā ʻoe e hāhai i nā kuʻina āpau i koi ʻia i ka wā o ka maʻi ahulau, aia nō i kahi manawa kūpono ʻoe e maʻi ai. E kamaʻilio me ka ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha e pili ana i ka mea e hiki ke loaʻa inā maʻi ʻoe, me ka poʻe nāna e mālama iā ʻoe a me nā mea e hiki mai inā pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo i ka haukapila.

Nā Pandemics i ke kenekulia i hala

Ua ʻike mākou i nā maʻi ʻehiku kaulana e like me COVID-19 mai ka 1918. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi o kēia mau maʻi ʻino ma ke ʻano he pandemics, a he hopena koʻikoʻi kā lākou āpau i ka heluna kanaka ma kekahi ʻano.

1918 maʻi ahulau (H1N1 virus): 1918-1920

Ua lawe ka maʻi maʻi maʻi 1918 i nā ola o kēlā me kēia wahi mai 50 a 100 miliona mau kānaka a puni ka honua.

ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Spanish Flu" ka mea i hoʻolaha ʻia mai nā manu i nā kānaka. ʻO nā makahiki 5 a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, 20 a 40, a 65 a ʻoi paha o nā makahiki i ʻike i nā helu make kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka nui o nā wahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai, nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā hemahema o ka meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia ua kōkua i ka nui o ka make.

1957 maʻi ahulau (H2N2 virus): 1957-1958

ʻO ka maʻi ahulau influenza 1957 i lawe i ke ola o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka "Flu ʻAsia" e kahi maʻi H2N2 i pāhola ʻia hoʻi mai nā manu i nā kānaka. ʻO kēia kānana o ka poʻe flu ma waena o nā makahiki o 5 a me 39, me ka hapa nui o nā hihia e kū ana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpio.

1968 maʻi ahulau (H3N2 virus): 1968-1969

I ka makahiki 1968, ʻo ka maʻiʻo H3N2, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa ʻo "Hong Kong Flu," ʻo ia kekahi maʻi ahulau hou i lawe i nā ola a puni ka honua.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia maʻi palū e kekahi mea hoʻomaʻi ʻo H3N2 i hoʻololi aʻe mai ka maʻi H2N2 mai ka makahiki 1957. ʻAʻole like ia me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi mua, ua hoʻopili nui kēia maʻi ahulau i ka poʻe kahiko, nona ka nui o ka make ma ke ahulau.

SARS-CoV: 2002-2003

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi 2002 SARS kahi maʻi maʻi pneumonia viral i lawe i ke ola o ka poʻe he 770 a puni ka honua.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi SARS e kekahi coronavirus hou me kahi kumu lawe e ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi i ka wā o ka laha i hoʻomaka ʻia ma Kina akā ua hele aku i Hong Kong a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua.

Flu puaʻa (H1N1pdm09 virus): 2009

ʻO ka 2009 Swine Flu outbreak ka maʻi maʻi influenza hou i hiki i ka make ʻana o kekahi poʻe a puni ka honua.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Flu Swine e kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā puaʻa a pāhola ʻia ma o ka pili kanaka ʻana a kanaka.

Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻāpana o ka poʻe 60 a ʻoi paha makahiki o ka makahiki i loaʻa i nā pale ʻē aʻe e kūʻē i kēia maʻi mai nā maʻi maʻi flu ma mua. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kahi pākēneka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio makua.

MERS-CoV: 2012–2013

Ua hoʻokumu ka coronavirus 2012 MERS i kahi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka maʻi hanu koʻikoʻi i loaʻa a lawe i nā ola o 858 poʻe, ʻo ka mea nui ma ka Arabian Peninsula.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi MERS e kahi coronavirus i hoʻolaha ʻia mai kahi kumu holoholona ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā kānaka. Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻōhū a i loko o ka ʻāpana Arabian.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka make o ka maʻi MERS ma mua o ka maʻi coronavirus i hala.

Ebola: 2014–2016

ʻO ka maʻi Ebola 2014 i komo i kahi maʻi ahulau hemorrhagic i lawe i ke ola o nā kānaka, ʻo ia ka nui ma West Africa.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi Ebola e kahi maʻi Ebola i manaʻo ʻia ua lawe mua ʻia mai nā kānaka. ʻOiai ua hoʻomaka ka maʻi ahulau ma ʻApelika Komohana, ua pālahalaha aku ia i ʻewalu mau ʻāina i ka huina.

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): 2019 – e mau nei

ʻO ka outbreak 2019 COVID-19 kahi maʻi ahulau viral e hoʻomau nei i kēia manawa. He maʻi hou kēia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi coronavirus i ʻike ʻole ʻia, SARS-CoV-2. Ke ulu nei ka helu o ka maʻi, ka helu make a me nā helu helu ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau no ka maʻi ahulau he hana kaiāulu ia e hiki ai iā kākou āpau ke komo pū e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka maʻi i ko mākou kaiāulu a me ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hōʻike hou ma ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 o kēia manawa ma aneʻi. E kipa i kā mākou hub coronavirus no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā ʻōuli, ka lapaʻau ʻana, a pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Ke kupu mai kahi maʻi hou, aia ka hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi ahulau, i hoʻolaha ākea ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua nui nā maʻi ahulau a me nā maʻi ahulau i kēia wā i hala aku nei, e like me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi 1918 influenza, ka maʻi 2003 SARS-CoV, a ʻo ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19 hou loa.

Aia kekahi mau mea e hiki iā mākou āpau ke hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kahi maʻi ahulau hiki ke hiki, a he mea nui ia mākou a pau e hāhai i nā kaina kūpono e hoʻolohi a kū hoʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi hou.

No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i kāu ʻāpana e hoʻolohi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o COVID-19, kaomi ma aneʻi no nā alakaʻi o kēia manawa.