ʻO nā hoa e noho nei me HIV

Anter

• E hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana o kahi hoa i kā lākou maʻi HIV
• Lawe i nā lāʻau HIV e pale aku ai i ka maʻi HIV
• PrEP
• PEP
• ʻIke i ka pae pilikia o nā ʻano moekolohe like ʻole
• E hoʻohana i ka pale
• Mai hoʻokaʻawale i nā nila kuʻikuʻi
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Hōʻike Overview

Ma muli wale o ka noho ʻana o kekahi me ka HIV ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e manaʻo ka mākaukau o kāna hoa. Akā ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka maʻi HIV a pehea e pale aku ai i ka hōʻike koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i kahi pilina palekana a olakino hoʻi.

E nīnau iā lākou i nā nīnau a aʻo ʻia i ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana me ke ʻano. Mālama i ka kamaʻilio hāmama a kūkākūkā i ka makemake e pili i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou maʻi HIV.

Hiki ke kōkua i ke kākoʻo naʻau i kahi kanaka e noho nei me ka HIV e hoʻokele i kā lākou mālama olakino maikaʻi. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou olakino holoʻokoʻa.

Hiki i kahi pilina olakino ke hoʻopili i:

• ke kōkua nei i kahi hoa e pili i kā lākou lapaʻau, inā pono
• e kamaʻilio pū ana me ka mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) a i ʻole ka postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), ʻelua ʻano lāʻau.
• ke kūkākūkā a me ke koho ʻana i nā koho pale maikaʻi loa i loaʻa no nā poʻe ʻelua i ka pilina

Ma hope o kēlā me kēia mau manaʻo e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka manawa o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV, e hoʻomāmā i nā makaʻu ʻole me ke kōkua o ke aʻo ʻana, a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i ke olakino o nā kānaka ʻelua i ka pilina.

E hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana o kahi hoa i kā lākou maʻi HIV

ʻO ka maʻi HIV kahi maʻi maʻamau i mālama ʻia me ka antiretroviral therapy. Hoʻopili nā lāʻau Antiretroviral i ka maʻi ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i loaʻa i ke koko, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻike viral. Hoʻoiho kēia mau lāʻau i ka nui o ka maʻi ma nā wai ʻē aʻe e like me ka semen, nā anal a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau, a me nā wai ʻele.

Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. Pono e lawe i nā lāʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi a ka mea mālama ola. Eia hou, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV ke hele i kahi kahu mālama ola e like me ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia.

Ma ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou HIV me ka antiretroviral therapy, hiki i nā poʻe e noho nei me ke ʻano ke mālama i ko lākou olakino a pale i ka makaʻi o ka lawe. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i loko o ke kino a hiki i ka hopena o ka hoʻouka viral i ʻike ʻole ʻia.

Wahi a ka, kekahi e noho nei me ka HIV me kahi viral viral undetectable e lawe ʻole i ka maʻi HIV i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaopopo lākou i kahi viral viral undetectable ma mua o 200 kope i kēlā me kēia milliliter (mL) o ke koko.

ʻO ke kākoʻo i hiki i kekahi me ka ʻole o ka HIV ke hāʻawi i kahi hoa e noho ana me ka HIV hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka hoa HIV-maikaʻi i ko lākou olakino. ʻO kahi noiʻi i ka Ka Nūpepa o nā Loaʻa Loaʻa Immune Deficit Syndromes inā e "hana pū ana nā kāne like a hiki i kahi pahuhopu," ʻo ka mea e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV e noho ma ke ala me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV ma nā ʻano āpau.

Hiki i kēia kākoʻo ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoikaika pilina. i loko o ka puke pai like i loaʻa i kahi papa hana olakino e pili ana i nā poʻe ʻelua i ka hoa e noho nei me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV e kākoʻo nui aku.

Lawe i nā lāʻau HIV e pale aku ai i ka maʻi HIV

Hiki paha i ka poʻe e noho ana me ka ʻole o ka HIV ke makemake e noʻonoʻo i nā lāʻau HIV e pale aku ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV. I kēia manawa, aia ʻelua mau papahana no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi HIV me ka antiretroviral therapy. Lawe ʻia kekahi o nā lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā, ma ke ʻano he ana pale. Lawe ʻia ka ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka maʻi HIV.

PrEP

ʻO PrEP kahi lāʻau lapaʻau pale no nā poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka maʻi HIV akā aia a makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia. He lāʻau lapaʻau waha hoʻokahi ia i kēlā me kēia lā e kāpae i ka maʻi HIV mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hunaola i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Kākoʻo ka US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) iā ia no kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka maʻi HIV.

Inā moe kolohe kekahi kanaka me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV me kahi kanaka e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka lawe ʻana i ka PrEP no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV. ʻO PrEP kahi koho inā pili i ka moekolohe me kahi hoa i ʻike ʻole ʻia kona kūlana.

Ua ʻōlelo ka CDC e hoʻēmi ʻo PrEP i ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV mai ka moekolohe ma mua o.

Pili kahi regimen PrEP:

• ʻO nā kau lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau. Hoʻopili kēia i ka nānā ʻana no nā maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka moekolohe (STI) a me ka nānā pinepine ʻana i ka hana o ka hakuʻala.
• Ke nānā ʻia nei no ka maʻi HIV. Hana ʻia ka loiloi ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kuhikuhi a i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mau mahina ma hope.
• Lawe i ka pila i kēlā me kēia lā.

E uhi ʻia ʻo PrEP e ka ʻinikua. Hiki paha i kekahi poʻe ke ʻimi i kahi papahana e kākoʻo i ka lāʻau. Hāʻawi ka pūnaewele E ʻoluʻolu PrEP Me i nā loulou i nā haukapila a me nā mea hoʻolako e kuhikuhi ana iā PrEP, a me ka ʻike e pili ana i ka uhi ʻinikua a me nā koho uku manuahi a haʻahaʻa paha.

Ma waho o ka lawe ʻana iā PrEP, noʻonoʻo pū i nā koho ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā condom. Hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau pule a PrEP e hāʻawi aku ai i ka pale, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka moekolohe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hopena o ka lāʻau i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpū mai ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ma mua o ka anus. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pale ʻo PrEP i nā STI ʻē aʻe.

PEP

ʻO PEP kahi lāʻau lapaʻau waha i lawe ʻia ma hope o ka moekolohe inā loaʻa ka makaʻu o ka maʻi i ka maʻi HIV. Hiki i kēia ke komo i nā hanana ke:

• haki ke ʻoka condom
• ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka pale pale
• hui kekahi me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV me ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​wai o ke kino mai kekahi me ka HIV a me kahi ukana viral ʻike ʻia
• ʻo kekahi me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka maʻi HIV ke hui pū ʻia me ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​wai o ke kino mai kekahi kanaka i ʻike ʻole ʻia ko lākou kūlana HIV iā lākou

Hoʻohana maikaʻi wale ka PEP inā lawe ʻia i loko o 72 mau hola ma hope o ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. Pono e lawe i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ʻole kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, no 28 mau lā.

ʻIke i ka pae pilikia o nā ʻano moekolohe like ʻole

Hoʻonui ka moekolohe anal i nā manawa o ka HIV ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka moekolohe. ʻElua ʻano o ka moe anal. ʻO ka moekolohe anal receptive, a i ʻole ma lalo, ke komo ka penis a kahi hoa i ka anus. ʻO ka moe kolohe anal me ka ʻole o ka condom i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hana moekolohe kiʻekiʻe loa no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

ʻO ka noho ma luna i ka wā o ka moekolohe ka mea i ʻike ʻia he sex anal insertive. ʻO ka sex anal insertive me ka ʻole o ka condom kekahi ala ʻē aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ma kēia ala i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wahine anal ʻoluʻolu.

ʻO ka komo ʻana i ka moekolohe wahine ka mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV ma mua o ka moekolohe, akā he mea nui ia e pale aku iā ʻoe iho ma o nā ʻano hana e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pale pale.

ʻOiai paʻakikī loa, hiki ke ʻaʻa i ka HIV ma o ka moekolohe ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale pale condom a i ʻole latex ma ka moekolohe ʻana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i ka makaʻu o ka hana ʻana i nā STI ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe e hōʻalo i ka moekolohe waha i mua o nā ulcer genital a oral paha.

E hoʻohana i ka pale

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka condom i ka wā o ka moekolohe e hoʻemi ana i ka makaʻi o ka maʻi HIV. Hiki i nā Condoms ke pale aku i nā STI ʻē aʻe.

E aʻo pehea e hoʻohana pono ai i ka condom e hōʻemi ai i ka manawa e haki ai a i ʻole hewa ai i ka wā o ka moekolohe.E hoʻohana i ka pale pale i hana ʻia i nā mea mau e like me ka latex. Hōʻalo i nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā mea kūlohelohe. Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻaʻole lākou e pale i ka lawe ʻia o ka maʻi HIV.

Hiki i nā Lubricants ke hoʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka hōʻike ʻana. ʻO kēia ke pale aku iā lākou i ka make ʻole ʻana o nā condom. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hakakā a hoʻemi i ka manawa o ka waimaka microscopic i ka canal anal a i ʻole wahine āpau.

Ke koho ʻana i kahi lubricant:

• Koho i ka mea hoʻowai wai i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wai- a i ʻole silicon.
• Hōʻalo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lubricants me ka aila me nā condom latex ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka latex. ʻO nā mea ʻaila e pili ana i ka aila me Vaseline a me ka wai lotion.
• Mai hoʻohana i nā lubricants me ka nonoxynol-9. Hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki a hoʻonui paha i ka manawa o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

Mai hoʻokaʻawale i nā nila kuʻikuʻi

Inā hoʻohana ʻana i nā nila no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lāʻau, he mea nui ʻaʻole e kaʻana like i nā nila kuʻina a i ʻole nā ​​nūnū me kekahi. Hoʻonui ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā nila i ka pilikia o ka maʻi HIV.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka moekolohe me nā condom, hiki ke loaʻa kahi pilina aloha olakino a piha me kekahi e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kahi lāʻau pale e like me PrEP a i ʻole PEP hiki ke hōʻemi i nā manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi HIV.

Inā loaʻa i kekahi me ka HIV kahi ukana viral i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ka maʻi HIV i kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia kahi ala nui ʻē aʻe e pale ʻia ai ka hoa me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV.