Momona

Anter

• He aha ka momona?
• Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka momona?
• He aha ka momona o ke keiki?
• He aha ke kumu o ka momona?
• ʻO wai ka mea e makaʻu i ka momona?
• Nā Genetics
• Kaiapuni a me ke kaiāulu
• Psychological a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka momona?
• He aha nā pilikia o ka momona?
• Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka momona?
• ʻO ke ʻano o ka nohona a me nā loli e hiki ke kōkua i ka pohō kaumaha?
• ʻO nā lāʻau hea i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka pohō kaumaha?
• He aha nā ʻano o ke kaha ʻana o ke kaupaona?
• Nā moho no ke ʻoki kino
• Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale i ka momona?

He aha ka momona?

ʻO ka helu helu nui o ke kino (BMI) kahi helu e lawe i ka paona o ke kanaka a me ke kiʻekiʻe e ana i ka nui o ke kino.

I nā mākua, wehewehe ʻia ka momona ma ke ʻano he BMI o, e like me nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Pili ka momona i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, e like me ka maʻi diabetes 2, nā maʻi puʻuwai, a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ka nui o ka momona. Kuhi ka CDC i ko ʻAmelika he 20 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha i loaʻa ka momona ma 2017 a 2018.

Akā ʻaʻole ʻo BMI nā mea āpau. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau palena e like me ke ana.

Wahi a ka: "ʻO nā mea e like me ka makahiki, ka moekolohe, ka lāhui, a me ka nui o nā mākala e hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka pilina ma waena o BMI a me nā momona o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻokaʻawale ka BMI ma waena o ka momona, nāʻiʻo, a me nā iwi o ka iwi, a ʻaʻole hoʻi ia e hōʻike i ka hāʻawi o ka momona i waena o nā kānaka. "

Me kēia mau palena, hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ākea ʻo BMI ma ke ʻano he ana i ka nui o ke kino.

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka momona?

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea no nā mākua ma ka liʻiliʻi 20 mau makahiki:

He aha ka momona o ke keiki?

No ke kauka e hōʻoia i kahi keiki ma mua o 2 mau makahiki a i ʻole kahi ʻōpio me ka momona, pono kā lākou BMI i loko no nā poʻe o ko lākou mau makahiki a me ka wahine ola.

Mai ka 2015 a hiki i ka 2016, (a i ʻole ma kahi o 13.7 miliona) ʻōpio ʻAmelika ma waena o 2 a 19 mau makahiki i manaʻo ʻia he obesity clinical.

He aha ke kumu o ka momona?

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā calorie hou aʻe ma mua o kou puhi ʻana i ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka hoʻoikaika kino - ma ke kumu lōʻihi - hiki ke alakaʻi i ka momona. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻohui kēia mau calorie keu a hoʻonui i ka hana kaupaona.

Akā ʻaʻole mau ka manawa wale nō e pili ana i nā calories a me nā calories i waho, a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka nohona noho. ʻOiai ʻo ia nā kumu maoli o ka momona, kekahi mau kumu ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kaohi.

ʻO nā kumu kikoʻī maʻamau o ka momona ka:

• nā genetics, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka hana ʻana o kou kino i ka meaʻai i ka ikehu a pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka momona
• ke ulu nei i ka makahiki, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka nui o nā mākala a me ka nui o ka nui o ka metabolic, e maʻalahi ai ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha
• ʻaʻole lawa ka hiamoe, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā loli hormonal e manaʻo ai ʻoe i ka pōloli a ʻiʻini i kekahi mau meaʻai calorie kiʻekiʻe
• hāpai keiki, e like me ke kaumaha i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana e paʻakikī e lilo a i ka hopena e alakaʻi i ka momona

Hiki i kekahi ʻano olakino ke alakaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha, i alakaʻi ʻia ai i ka momona. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), kahi kūlana e kumu i ke kaulike ʻole o nā wahine hoʻohua wahine
• ʻO Prader-Willi Syndrome, kahi ʻano maʻamau i loaʻa i ka wā hānau e kumu ai i ka pōloli nui
• ʻO Cushing Syndrome, kahi ʻano i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka cortisol (ka hormone koʻikoʻi) i kāu ʻōnaehana
• hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), kahi kūlana kahi e hana ʻole ai ka gland thyroid i kekahi mau hormona koʻikoʻi
• osteoarthritis (OA) a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻeha e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka hana

ʻO wai ka mea e makaʻu i ka momona?

Hiki i kahi hui huikau o nā mea ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ke kanaka no ka momona.

Nā Genetics

Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe nā genes e paʻakikī iā lākou e lilo i ka paona.

Kaiapuni a me ke kaiāulu

Hiki i kou kaiapuni ma ka home, ma ke kula, a ma kāu kaiāulu ke hoʻohuli i ka pehea a me ka mea āu e ʻai ai, a me kou ʻeleu ʻana.

Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke makaʻu kiʻekiʻe no ka momona inā ʻoe:

• noho i kahi kaiāulu me nā koho meaʻai olakino palena ʻole a me nā koho kai calorie kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā hale ʻai wikiwiki
• ʻaʻole i aʻo mua i ke kuke ʻana i nā meaʻai maikaʻi
• mai noʻonoʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke uku i nā meaʻai olakino
• i kahi maikaʻi e pāʻani ai, hele wāwae ai haʻuki paha i kou kaiāulu

Psychological a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe

Hiki i ke kaumaha ke alakaʻi i ke kaumaha i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai huli kekahi poʻe i ka meaʻai no ka hōʻoluʻolu manaʻo. Hiki i kekahi mau antidepressants ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa kaumaha.

ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka ka mea maikaʻi mau, akā ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana ke alakaʻi ʻia i ka waiwai kaupaona. I kekahi poʻe, alakaʻi paha ia i ka loaʻa kālā. No kēlā kumu, he mea nui ka nānā ʻana i ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino ke haʻalele nei ʻoe, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka wā haʻalele mua.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā steroid a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau hoʻomalu hānau, hiki ke hāpai i kou makaʻu no ke kaupaona.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka momona?

ʻO ka BMI kahi helu kūpono o ke kaumaha o ke kanaka e pili ana i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā ana kūpono hou aʻe o ka momona o ke kino a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka momona o ke kino:

• nā hoʻāʻo mānoanoa o ka ʻili
• hoʻohālikelike pūhaka-i-hip
• nā hoʻokolohua kānana, e like me ultrasounds, CT scans, a me MRI scans

E kauoha paha kāu kauka i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e kōkua ai i ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka momona. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko e nānā i nā pae kolesterol a me nā kō
• nā hoʻāʻo hana ate
• kahi loiloi diabetes
• nā hoʻāʻo thyroid
• nā hoʻāʻo o ka naʻau, e like me ka electrocardiogram (ECG a i ʻole EKG)

ʻO ke ana ʻana o ka momona a puni kou pūhaka he wānana maikaʻi nō hoʻi ia i kou makaʻu no nā maʻi e pili ana i ka momona.

He aha nā pilikia o ka momona?

Hiki i ka momona ke alakaʻi i nā mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka maʻalahi.

Loaʻa i ka lakio kiʻekiʻe o ka momona o ke kino i ka mākala e hoʻokau i kāu mau iwi a me nā mea i loko. Hoʻonui ia i ka huhū i loko o ke kino, i manaʻo ʻia he kumu pilikia ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ka nui kekahi kumu nui o ka maʻi diabetes type 2.

Ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Obesity i kekahi mau pilikia olakino, kekahi o ia mau mea hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia.

• ʻano 2 diabetes
• maʻi maʻi puʻuwai
• kahe koko kiʻekiʻe
• kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai (umauma, kolona, ​​a me endometrial)
• hahau
• maʻi maʻi pākī
• maʻi maʻi ate
• kolesterol kiʻekiʻe
• ʻalalā moe a me nā pilikia hanu ʻē aʻe
• ʻōiwi
• infertility

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka momona?

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka momona a hiki ʻole ke hōʻemi i ka paona iā ʻoe iho, loaʻa ke kōkua olakino. E hoʻomaka me kāu kauka mālama mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i kahi loea loea i kou wahi.

E makemake paha kāu kauka e hana pū me ʻoe ma ke ʻano he hui e kōkua ana iā ʻoe e lilo i ka paona. Pākuʻi ʻia paha kēlā kime i kahi dietitian, therapist, a i ʻole nā ​​limahana olakino ʻē aʻe.

E hana pū kāu kauka me ʻoe i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nohona e pono ai. I kekahi manawa, koi paha lākou i nā lāʻau a i ʻole ke kaupaona hōʻemi kaumaha pū kekahi. E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana no ka momona.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka nohona a me nā loli e hiki ke kōkua i ka pohō kaumaha?

Hiki i kāu hui olakino ke aʻo iā ʻoe i nā koho meaʻai a kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi papa ʻai olakino e pono ai nāu.

ʻO kahi papahana hoʻoikaika kino a hoʻonui i ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā - a i 300 mau minuke i ka pule - e kōkua i ke kūkulu ʻana i kou ikaika, hoʻomanawanui, a me ka metabolism.

Kūkākūkā a kākoʻo paha i nā pūʻulu e ʻike paha i nā mea hōʻeuʻeu kino ʻole a kōkua iā ʻoe e kūpale i nā hopohopo, kaumaha, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻai naʻau.

ʻO ka nohona a me nā loli e pili ana i ke kaupaona ka mea makemake e hōʻemi i nā kaupaona no nā keiki, ke ʻole ʻoi loa ka momona.

ʻO nā lāʻau hea i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka pohō kaumaha?

Kau kauka paha i ke kauka i kekahi mau lāʻau make kaumaha kuhikuhi i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.

Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau inā ʻaʻole i hana kekahi mau ʻano hana o ke kaupaona ʻana a inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi BMI o 27.0 a ʻoi aʻe ma waho o nā pilikia olakino pili i ka momona.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau hōʻemi kaumaha i ka lawe ʻana o ka momona a kāpae paha i ka makemake. Ua ʻae ʻia nā mea aʻe no ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 12 mau pule) e ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA):

• phentermine / topiramate (Qsymia)
• naltrexone / bupropion (Contrave)
• liraglutide (Sākona)
• orlistat (Alli, Xenical), ʻo ka mea wale nō i ʻae ʻia e ka FDA no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā keiki he 12 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha

Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i ka orlistat ke alakaʻi i ka neʻeneʻe a me ka neʻe pinepine ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ka wikiwiki o ka ʻōpū, a me ke kinoea.

E nānā pono kāu kauka iā ʻoe ke lawe nei ʻoe i kēia mau lāʻau.

I Pepeluali 2020, ua noi ka FDA i ka lāʻau kaumaha lorcaserin (Belviq) e hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka mākeke U.S. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā maʻi ʻaʻai i nā poʻe i lawe iā Belviq i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i placebo.

Inā lawe ʻoe iā Belviq, e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana a kamaʻilio pū me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele kaumaha.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka haʻalele ʻana a ma aneʻi.

He aha nā ʻano o ke kaha ʻana o ke kaupaona?

ʻO ke kaupaona hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha i kapa ʻia ʻo bariatric surgery.

Hana kēia ʻano ʻoki kino ma ka kaupalena ʻana i ka nui o nā meaʻai e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻai hōʻoluʻolu a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i kou kino mai ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā calorie. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mea ʻelua.

ʻAʻole wikiwiki ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaupaona hōʻemi. He ʻoki kino nui a hiki ke loaʻa i nā makaʻu koʻikoʻi. Ma hope, pono ka poʻe i hele i ke ʻokiʻoki e hoʻololi i kā lākou ʻai ʻana a me ka nui o kā lākou ʻai ʻana, a i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke maʻi.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi mau nā koho nonsurgical i ke kōkua ʻana i ka poʻe me ka momona e hoʻemi i ka paona a hoʻemi i ko lākou makaʻi no nā comorbidities.

Nā ʻano o ke kaha ʻana o ke kaupaona hōʻemi ʻia:

• ʻOki kino Gastric. I kēia kaʻina hana, hana kāu mea hoʻopuka i kahi ʻeke liʻiliʻi ma ka piko o kou ʻōpū e hoʻopili pololei i kou ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hele ka meaʻai a me nā wai i loko o ka ʻeke a i loko o ka ʻōpū, e kāpae ana i ka hapa nui o ka ʻōpū. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) ʻoki kino.
• ʻO ka laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo LAGB i kou ʻōpū i ʻelua mau ʻeke me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kāʻei.
• ʻOki kino lima Gastric. Lawe kēia hana i kahi hapa o kou ʻōpū.
• Hoʻololi Biliopancreatic me ka kuapo duodenal. Lawe kēia hana i ka hapa nui o kou ʻōpū.

Nā moho no ke ʻoki kino

No nā makahiki he nui, ua paipai nā poʻe loea i nā moho makua no ka ʻoki ʻana o ke kaupaona he BMI ma kahi o 35.0 (papa 2 a me 3).

Eia nō naʻe, i nā kulekele 2018, ua kākoʻo ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no Metabolic a me Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) i ke kaupaona hōʻemi kaumaha no nā mākua me nā BMI o 30.0 a 35.0 (papa 1) nāna:

• pili i nā comorbidities, keu hoʻi ʻano 2 diabetes
• ʻaʻole ʻike i nā hopena kūpaʻa mai nā mālama nonsurgical, e like me ka ʻai ʻana a me nā loli nohona

No nā kānaka me ka momona o ka papa 1, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaha ʻana no ka poʻe ma waena o nā makahiki 18 a 65 mau makahiki.

E lilo pinepine ka poʻe i kekahi kaumaha ma mua o ka hana ʻoki ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, e hana maʻamau lākou i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hōʻoia i ka mākaukau o ka naʻau no ke ʻoki a makemake lākou e hoʻololi i nā ʻano nohona e pono ai.

ʻO kekahi o nā kikowaena keʻena hana maʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hana i kēia ʻano hana i nā keiki ma lalo o 18 mau makahiki.

Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale i ka momona?

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka momona a me nā maʻi e pili ana i ka momona ma nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala. ʻO kēia ke kumu e hoʻokau nei nā kaiāulu, nā mokuʻāina, a me ke aupuni pekelala i ke koʻikoʻi i nā koho a me nā hana olakino olakino e kōkua ai i ka hoʻohuli i ke kai i ka momona.

Ma kahi pae pilikino, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaupaona a me ka momona ma o ka koho ʻana i ke ʻano nohona olakino.

• ʻImi i ka hoʻoikaika kino e like me ka hele wāwae, ʻauʻau, a kaʻa paikikala no 20 a 30 mau minuke i kēlā me kēia lā.
• ʻAi maikaʻi ma ke koho ʻana i nā meaʻai momona, e like me nā huaʻai, nā lau, nā kīʻaha āpau, a me nā protein momona.
• ʻAi i nā momona momona, nā calorie kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.