Nā Platelet: he aha ia mau mea, kā lākou hana a me nā kumukūʻai kūmole

Anter

• Nā hana nui
• Nā manaʻo kūmole
• Pehea e hoʻonui ai i nā platelet
• Ke hōʻike ʻia ka hāʻawi platelet

ʻO Platelet nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i lawe ʻia mai kahi huna i hana ʻia e ka iwi iwi, ka megakaryocyte. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o nā megakaryocytes e ka iwi o ka iwi a me ka ʻāpana i nā platelet e mau ana ma kahi o 10 mau lā a hoʻokele ʻia e ka thrombopoietin hormone, i hana ʻia e ke akepaʻa a me nā puʻupaʻa.

He mea nui ka platelet i ke kaʻina hana platelet plug, pono e pale i ke kahe nui ʻana, no laila he mea nui ka nui o nā platelet e holo nei i loko o ke kino i loko o nā helu kūmole maʻamau.

Nā hana nui

Pono pono nā platelet no ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili platelet i ka manawa o ka pane maʻamau i ka ʻeha vascular. I ka loaʻa ʻole o nā platelet, hiki i kekahi mau kulu koko kolohe ke hana ʻia i loko o nā moku liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kūlana olakino o ke kanaka.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana platelet i ʻekolu mau pae nui, ʻo ia ka lina, ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana e nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā platelet i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e ke koko a me ke kino. Ke loaʻa kahi ʻeha, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pāluna i ka pūnaewele ʻeha e pale ai i ke kahe nui ʻana o ke kahe.

Ma ka pūnaewele hōʻeha, aia kahi pilina kikoʻī ma waena o ka platelet a me ka paia o ka cell, ke kaʻina adhesion, a me ka pilina ma waena o ka platelet a me ka platelet (agregation process), i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Von Willebrand i loko o nā pā. Ma waho o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka mea Von Willebrand, aia ka hana a me ka hana o nā kumu ʻē aʻe a me nā protein e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ke kō.

ʻO ka mea Von Willebrand i loaʻa i nā platelet e pili pinepine ʻia me ka mea VIII o ka coagulation, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mea X a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka cascade coagulation, e hopena ana i ka hana ʻana o fibrin, i kūlike i ka plug hemostatic lua.

Nā manaʻo kūmole

No ka cascade coagulation a me ke kaʻina hana platelet plug e hana pololei, ʻo ka nui o nā platelet i ke koko ma waena o 150,000 a me 450,000 / mm³ o ke koko. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hanana i hiki ke hōʻemi a hoʻonui paha i ke koko.

ʻO Thrombocytosis, i kūlike i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā platelet, ʻaʻole hana maʻamau nā hōʻailona, ​​ʻike ʻia ma o ka hana ʻana o ka helu o ke koko. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā platelet pili pinepine i nā loli i ka iwi iwi, nā maʻi myeloproliferative, hemolytic anemias a ma hope o nā kaʻina hana, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻoiai ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kino e pale i ke kahe nui. E aʻo e pili ana i nā kumu ʻē aʻe o ka ulu ʻana o ka platelet.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Thrombocytopenia e ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā platelet e pili ana i nā maʻi autoimmune, nā maʻi maʻi, nā hemahema pono o ka hao, folic acid a i ʻole ka wikamina B12 a me nā pilikia e pili ana i nā pilikia i ka palapū, ʻo kahi laʻana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā platelet e kekahi mau hōʻailona, ​​e like me ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe o ka ihu a me nā gums, hoʻonui ʻia ke kahe o ka menstrual, ke kū ʻana o nā kiko poni ma ka ʻili a me ke kū o ke koko i ka mimi, no ka laʻana. E aʻo i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka thrombositopenia.

Pehea e hoʻonui ai i nā platelet

ʻO kekahi o nā koho ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i ka hana o nā platelet ma o ka hoʻololi hormonal o thrombopoietin, ʻoiai ke kuleana o kēia hormone no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hana o kēia mau ʻāpana pūnaewele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia hōmona no ka hoʻohana lāʻau, eia nō naʻe nā lāʻau e mimic i ka hana o kēia hormone, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hana o nā platelet ma kahi o 6 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lapaʻau, e like me Romiplostim a me Eltrombopag, pono e hoʻohana ʻia. i kulike ai me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, koi wale ʻia ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa platelet, a he mea pono paha e hemo i ka pelupelu, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā corticosteroids, nā antibiotic, ke kānana ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole ka transfusion platelet. He mea nui nō hoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka papaʻai kūpono a kaulike hoʻi, waiwai i ka palaoa, nā huaʻai, nā lau a me nā ʻīkī wīwī e kōkua ai i ke kaʻina hana o ke koko a makemake i ka hoʻōla o ke kino.

Ke hōʻike ʻia ka hāʻawi platelet

Hiki i kekahi ke hāʻawi i ka platelet donation e nā mea kaupaona ma mua o 50 kg a olakino olakino a makemake e kōkua i ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o ka mea e mālama ʻia ana no ka leukemia a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai ʻē aʻe, ka poʻe e hana ana i ka iwi a me nā ʻoki ʻana o ka puʻuwai, no ka laʻana.

Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kīʻaha platelet me ka ʻole o ka ʻino i ka mea hāʻawi, ʻoiai ʻo ka hope o ka platelet e like me ka lōʻihi o 48 mau hola, a ua hana ʻia mai ka hōʻiliʻili o ke koko holoʻokoʻa mai ka mea hāʻawi e hele koke i kahi kaʻina centrifugation, a aia kahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea pili koko. I ke kaʻina hana centrifugation, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā platelet i loko o kahi ʻeke hōʻiliʻili kūikawā, ʻoiai e hoʻi nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kahe o ke koko o ka mea hāʻawi.

Kū ka hana ma kahi o 90 mau minuke a hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena anticoagulant i loko o ke kaʻina hana e pale ai i nā clots a mālama i nā huna koko. ʻAe ʻia ka hāʻawi platelet no nā wahine i hāpai ʻole a no nā poʻe i hoʻohana ʻole i ka aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau anti-inflammatory non-hormonal i nā lā 3 ma mua o ka hāʻawi.