ʻO Barbiturates: Nā hoʻohana, nā ʻano, nā ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aʻe

Anter

• ʻO nā mea wikiwiki e pili ana i nā barbiturates
• He aha nā barbiturates?
• No ke aha i kauoha ʻia ai nā barbiturates?
• Nā ʻano o ka barbiturates
• Hoʻohui ʻia nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka headache:
• He aha nā hopena ʻē aʻe e hiki ai?
• Nā pilikia o ka lawe barbiturates
• Pilikia hāpai keiki
• ʻO nā ʻōuli haʻalele
• He aha nā pilikia kū kānāwai e pili ana i nā barbiturates?
• I ka manawa hea e ʻimi ai i ka mālama pilikia
• Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai nā barbiturates i nā benzodiazepines?
• Ke laina lalo

Aia ʻo Barbiturates ma kahi o 150 mau makahiki. Kaulana lākou mai ka wā mua o ka makahiki 1900 a i ka makahiki 1970. ʻElua mau hoʻohana maʻamau no ka hiamoe a me ka hopohopo.

I hoʻokahi manawa aia ma luna o 50 mau ʻano barbiturates i loaʻa i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka hope loa, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe no ka hopohopo palekana.

E heluhelu e aʻo e pili ana i nā hoʻohana, nā hopena, a me nā pilikia o nā barbiturates.

ʻO nā mea wikiwiki e pili ana i nā barbiturates

• ʻO Barbiturates nā kākaʻikahi hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi makaʻu nui i ke ahonui, kaukaʻi, a me ka overdose.
• Hiki i kēia papa o nā lāʻau ke loaʻa nā hopena pōkole a lōʻihi. Aia ia i ka lāʻau kikoʻī.
• Wahi a ka National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), i ka makahiki 2016 he 409 i make no ka overdose me nā barbiturates. Iwakāluakūmākahi pakeneka i hoʻopili ʻia me nā opioids synthetic.
• ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kū koke i ka lawe ʻana i nā barbiturates ma hope o ka hoʻohana mau ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā hōʻailona haʻalele loa. Hoʻopili kēia i ka makaʻu o ka make.

He aha nā barbiturates?

Loaʻa ka hopena depressant i ka lolo i ka Barbiturates. Hoʻonui lākou i ka hana gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) i ka lolo. ʻO GABA kahi lāʻau lolo e hana i kahi hopena sedating.

Kūkulu ʻia nā lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala a me ka hilinaʻi i ka barbiturates. ʻO kēia ka mea e pono ai i nā nui keu e loaʻa ka hopena like. Ke kū nei me ka hōʻoki ʻana i kēia lāʻau i kumu e haʻalele ai i nā ʻōuli.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā kaha kiʻekiʻe o nā barbiturates weliweli no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke overdose. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ai kēia mau lāʻau i kēia manawa.

No ke aha i kauoha ʻia ai nā barbiturates?

I kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau no:

• hopohopo a me ka sedation pili i ke ʻoki kino (inā ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe)
• hiamoe (kākaʻikahi)
• ka hopu ʻana (inā ʻaʻole i holo pono nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe)
• anesthesia
• ʻeha poʻo poʻo
• ʻeha lolo ʻeha (TBI)

Nā ʻano o ka barbiturates

Loaʻa nā barbiturates i ka injectable, wai, papa, a me ka palapala capsule. Hele mai lākou i nā ʻano ikaika like ʻole a me nā hui like ʻana.

ʻO Barbiturates kahi lāʻau hoʻomalu lāʻau hoʻomalu (DEA) i mālama ʻia ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻohana hewa ʻole.

Hoʻonohonoho ka DEA i nā lāʻau i loko o ʻelima mau papa kuhikuhi papa lāʻau, mai ka Hōkuhi I a hiki i ka Hōʻike V. Hōʻike ka helu papa manawa i ka likelihood hiki ke hoʻohana hewa ʻole ʻia ka lāʻau, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻae ʻia.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻAʻohe i ʻae ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau Kahi I i kēia manawa a hoʻohana i kahi kūpono kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻohana hewa ʻole. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa paha ko ka papa kuhikuhi V no ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana.

ʻO nā inoa maʻamau (generic a me ka brand) no nā barbiturates me:

• injectable amobarbital (Amytal), DEA Papa II
• papa butabarbital (Butisol), DEA Papa Helu III
• methohexital injectable (Brevital), DEA Papa Hana IV
• injectable pentobarbital (Nembutal), DEA Papa II
• nā hunaola secobarbital (Seconal), DEA Papa Hana II
• papa primidone (Mysoline). Hoʻopili ʻia kēia lāʻau i phenobarbital. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā maʻi hopu a ʻaʻohe DEA Papa Kuhikuhi.

Hoʻohui ʻia nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka headache:

• butalbital / acetaminophen capsule a me ka papa
• butalbital / acetaminophen / caffeine capsule, papa, a me ka hopena wai, DEA Hōʻike III
• butalbital / acetaminophen / caffeine / codeine tablet (Fioricet me ka codeine), DEA Hōʻike III
• butalbital / aspirin / caffeine tablet a me ka capsule (Fiorinal, Lanorinal), DEA Papa Kuhikuhi III
• butalbital / aspirin / caffeine / codeine capsule (Fiorinal me codeine), DEA Papa Kuhikuhi III

He aha nā hopena ʻē aʻe e hiki ai?

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau o ka barbiturates ka dizziness a me ka hiamoe. Nā hana e koi ai iā ʻoe e makaʻala, e like me ka hoʻokele, he mea paʻakikī paha.

Kūleʻa kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao akā koʻikoʻi loa. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana, ʻeha o ka umauma, a i ʻole ka ʻūiki
• hūwī
• fiva
• ʻeha pū
• pehu o ka maka, lehelehe, a puʻu paha
• kahe koko ʻana a ʻeha hoʻi

Kāhea koke i kāu kauka lawelawe inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao.

ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe e pili pū me:

• ʻeha poʻo
• huikau
• ukiuki
• hopohopo
• kaumaha
• hiamoe hiamoe
• haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
• nausea
• ka luaʻi
• nā pilikia me ke kaulike a me ka neʻe
• nā pilikia me ka ʻōlelo, ka noʻonoʻo, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo

E kamaʻilio me kāu mea mālama ola e kūkākūkā i nā hopohopo e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Nā pilikia o ka lawe barbiturates

Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o nā hopena a i ʻole overdose me ka hoʻohana barbiturate. Hoʻopili kēia i kou makahiki, nā kūlana olakino, a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei.

Hiki i nā barbiturates ke hoʻohui i nā hopena hoʻohiamoe o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia:

• nā lāʻau āpau e like me antihistamines
• nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻeha, opioids kikoʻī e like me morphine a me hydrocodone
• hiamoe a hopohopo paha i nā lāʻau (benzodiazepines)
• ʻalekohola
• nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāukiuki ai ka hiamoe paha

Ua palena ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia papa lāʻau i kēia lā no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka palekana o nā lāʻau hou.

ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o Barbiturates i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pōmaikaʻi. Pono e nānā pono ka poʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia i kēia mau lāʻau e hōʻalo i nā hopena.

Pilikia hāpai keiki

Aia nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana barbiturate i ka wā hāpai. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau inā loaʻa ʻole nā ​​koho lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Ua hoʻokumu ka poʻe kahiko i nā pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana barbiturate i ka wā hāpai me nā hānau hānau. Loaʻa paha i nā pēpē me ka ulu a me ke ulu inā kū i ka barbiturates wā lōʻihi i ka wā hāpai.

Hiki i nā pēpē ke hānau ʻia e kaukaʻi ʻia i nā barbiturates a ʻeha i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻōuli ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

ʻIke ʻia kahi holoholona i ka ʻiole hānau hou i hoʻokumu i nā pilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo. Hoʻopili ka lāʻau (pentobarbital) i ke aʻo ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, a me nā hana nui ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻōuli haʻalele

Hoʻokumu paha ʻo Barbiturates i ka make inā kū koke. Aia ke kaumaha ma muli o ke olakino olakino o ke kanaka, nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā lākou, a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia.

Inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi barbiturate, e ʻike pono e kamaʻilio pū me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻokū ʻana i ka lāʻau.

ʻO kekahi mau hōʻailona haʻalele o nā barbiturates e komo pū:

• nausea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū
• kaumaha, hopohopo, a hoʻomaha ʻole paha
• ka paʻakikī me ka hiamoe, ka noʻonoʻo, a me ka nānā
• pilikia puʻuwai
• hoʻonui i ka mahana o ke kino
• ka hopu ʻana
• haʻalulu
• hoʻohoka
• nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiwahiwa

No nā hōʻailona hōʻemi koʻikoʻi, pono paha ʻoe e kiaʻi ʻia i ka haukapila a hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka lāʻau i kou kino. Hiki i kēia ke hala i mau lā.

He aha nā pilikia kū kānāwai e pili ana i nā barbiturates?

Loaʻa nā barbiturates e ke kauka i ʻekolu mau papa hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho DEA. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia i kā lākou hiki no ka hoʻāhewa a me ka hoʻohana hewa ʻole.

Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke kānāwai i ka haukapila no ka anesthesia, hoʻohiamoe, TBI, ka hopu ʻana, a me nā hihia koho ʻē aʻe. Kau ʻia lākou no ka ʻeha poʻo a hiamoe inā ʻaʻole i holo pono nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Eia nō naʻe, aia nō ka barbiturates ma o ke komo kūpono ʻole ʻia. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hoʻohana kūpono ʻole i ka make make ʻana no ka mea weliweli nā lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana iā ʻoe iho. Hoʻonui ka makaʻi ke hoʻohui ʻia nā barbiturates me ka wai ʻona, opioids, benzodiazepines e like me diazepam, a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo Barbiturates i nā ʻāina he nui no ka mea liʻiliʻi lākou i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO kēia kahi kumu i loaʻa mau ai lākou. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā hale hana kino no nā hana noiʻi.

ʻO nā kūʻai kūloko kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe i kū ʻole i ke kānāwai o nā barbiturates. Hele mai lākou me ka ʻoi aku ka nui no ka mea ua pau a lāʻau paha nā lāʻau āpau me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Kūpono ʻole ke kūʻai a hoʻohana paha i nā barbiturates me ka ʻole o ke kauka. Aia nā hoʻopaʻi pekelala a mokuʻāina hoʻi no ke kūʻai ʻana, kūʻai aku ʻana, a me ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau i kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.

I ka manawa hea e ʻimi ai i ka mālama pilikia

ʻAʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Barbiturates i kēia lā no ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka palekana no nā overdosis. Hoʻopilikia nā kumu he nui i ke kumu e nāwaliwali ai kekahi i kahi overdose.

Pākuʻi ʻia kēia:

• nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā hopena depressant ma ka lolo, e like me opioids a me benzodiazepines
• ʻalekohola, hiki ke hoʻolohi i ka hemo ʻana o ka lāʻau a hoʻoulu i ke kino
• ka mōʻaukala o ke kaumaha, nā manaʻo suicidal, a me nā kūlana olakino noʻonoʻo
• mōʻaukala o ka hoʻohana pono ʻole i nā mea hoʻohana
• nā pilikia hanu, e like me ka hānō, nā maʻi māmā, a me ka emphysema
• pilikia puʻuwai
• nā pilikia o ke kīʻaha a i ke akepaʻa, i hiki ke hoʻokumu i ka lāʻau i loko o ke kino
• makahiki, ka mea hiki ke hoʻopā i ka palupalu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Aia paha he kumu ʻē aʻe e pane ikaika ai i ka barbiturates. E nānā pono e kūkā kamaʻilio me kāu kauka me kāu kauka.

Kāhea koke iā 911 a i kāu helu kūloko kūloko inā ʻo ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea āu i ʻike nui ai i ka barbiturate a i ʻole inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli.

• hiamoe nui loa
• pilikia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana
• nāwaliwali loa a luhi paha
• hanu mālie
• huikau
• ka pilikia me ka laulima a me ke kaulike
• lohi loa ka helu o ka naʻau
• uliuliuli
• kulu i ke ana wela o ke kino

ʻAʻohe lāʻau hoʻohuli no ka mālama ʻana i ka overdosis barbiturate. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lanahu i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e hoʻoneʻe i ka lāʻau nui mai ke kino. ʻO nā hana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke ala ea, ka holo a me ka hanu ʻana.

Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai nā barbiturates i nā benzodiazepines?

Ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Barbiturates e benzodiazepines e like me alprazolam (Xanax) a me diazepam (Valium) e mālama ai i ka hopohopo a me nā maʻi hiamoe. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hopena ʻē aʻe ke kuhikuhi ʻia no ka hoʻohana home ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā barbiturates.

Hana ʻo Benzodiazepines i kahi ala like e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana GABA i ka lolo. Hoʻokumu lākou i kahi hopena hoʻomaha a hoʻomaha paha. Akā inā hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā barbiturates, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu overdose.

ʻO Benzodiazepines kahi maʻa ke hana ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi wā lōʻihi. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia no ka hoʻohana hewa ʻole. E hoʻohana wale ʻia ʻo Benzodiazepines no kahi manawa pōkole.

Ke laina lalo

Ua lilo ʻo Barbiturates i mea kaulana mai ka wā mua o ka makahiki 1900 a i ka makahiki 1970. Aia kekahi mau koho lāʻau e mālama ai i ka hopu ʻana, ka hopohopo, a me ka hiamoe ʻole.

Ua kū nā kauka i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou ke hoʻohana hewa a hoʻonui ʻia nā overdosis ma luna o ka manawa. Ua hoʻohana palena ʻia nā Barbiturates i kēia lā, a ua loaʻa nā lāʻau palekana.

Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohana hewa ʻia nei nā barbiturates i kēia lā. Hoʻonui nā pilikia no ka make make nui ke hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka wai ʻona, opioids, benzodiazepines, a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Pono ʻo Barbiturates e nānā pono ma muli o ka makaʻu o ka overdose a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia me ka nānā ʻole o ka kauka.