ʻAlamona

Anter

• He aha ka albinism?
• He aha nā ʻano albinism?
• Albinism Oculocutaneous (OCA)
• OCA1
• OCA2
• OCA3
• OCA4
• ʻApala alona
• ʻO Hermansky-Pudlak maʻi
• ʻO Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
• ʻO Griscelli Syndrome
• He aha ke kumu o ka albinism?
• ʻO wai ka mea makaʻu i ka albinism?
• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka albinism?
• Pehea e kuhikuhi ʻia ai ka albinism?
• He aha nā ʻano lāʻau no ka albinism?
• He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?

He aha ka albinism?

ʻO ka Albinism kahi hui laha ʻole o nā maʻi genetic e kumu ai i ka ʻili, ka lauoho, a i ʻole nā ​​maka i ka liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻole o ke kala. Pili pū ka Albinism me nā pilikia ʻike. Wahi a ka National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, ma kahi o 1 i ka 18,000 a i ka 20,000 mau kānaka i United States i loaʻa kahi ʻano albinism.

He aha nā ʻano albinism?

Hoʻohālikelike nā kīnā ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano albinism he nui. Nā ʻano albinism e komo pū me:

Albinism Oculocutaneous (OCA)

Hoʻopili ka OCA i ka ʻili, ka lauoho, a me nā maka. Aia kekahi mau subtypes o OCA:

OCA1

Kūleʻa ʻo OCA1 i kahi kīnā i ka enzyme tyrosinase. Aia ʻelua subtypes o OCA1:

• OCA1a. Loaʻa ka nele o ka melanin i ka poʻe me OCA1a. ʻO kēia ka pigment e hāʻawi i ka ʻili, nā maka, a me ka lauoho i kā lākou kala. ʻO ka poʻe me kēia subtype he lauoho keʻokeʻo, ʻili mae loa, a me nā maka māmā.
• OCA1b. Hana ka poʻe me OCA1b i kekahi melanin. He ʻili, nā lauoho, a me nā maka ko lākou ʻāpana māmā. Hiki ke hoʻonui i kā lākou kala ʻana i ko lākou mau makahiki.

OCA2

ʻOi aku ka ʻino o OCA2 ma mua o OCA1. Ma muli o ka hemahema o ka hanauna OCA2 e hopena ai i ka hana melanin hoʻemi ʻia. Hānau ʻia ka poʻe me OCA2 me ka pena māmā a me ka ʻili. He melemele, ʻulaʻula, a ʻeleʻele paha ko lākou lauoho. ʻO ka OCA2 ka mea maʻamau i nā poʻe o nā kūpuna ʻApelika a me nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika.

OCA3

He kīnā ʻo OCA3 ma ka ʻaoʻao TYRP1. Hoʻololi pinepine ia i ka poʻe me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia hoʻi nā Black South Africa. Loaʻa i ka poʻe me ka OCA3 i ka ʻulaʻula-enaena, ka lauoho ʻulaʻula, a me nā maka hazel a me nā maka.

OCA4

Loaʻa ʻo OCA4 i kahi kīnā ma ka protein SLC45A2. ʻO ka hopena i kahi hana liʻiliʻi o melanin a ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka poʻe o ko East Asia. Loaʻa nā ʻōuli e ka poʻe me OCA4 e like me kēlā me ka poʻe me OCA2.

ʻApala alona

ʻO ka albinism Ocular ka hopena o kahi mutation gene ma ka X chromosome a kokoke kokoke i nā kāne. Hoʻopili wale kēia ʻano albinism i nā maka. Loaʻa ka poʻe me kēia ʻano i ka lauoho maʻamau, ka ʻili, a me ka pena maka, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou kala i ka retina (ka hope o ka maka).

ʻO Hermansky-Pudlak maʻi

ʻO kēia maʻi kahi ʻano laha ʻole o ka albinism ma muli o kahi kīnā i loko o hoʻokahi o ʻewalu mau laha. Hoʻopuka ia i nā ʻōuli e like me OCA. Hana ʻia ka maʻi me nā maʻi puʻupuʻu, ʻōpū, a me ke kahe o ke kahe.

ʻO Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

ʻO Chediak-Higashi Syndrome kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe laha loa o ka albinism ʻo ia ka hopena o kahi kīnā i ka ʻāpana LYST. Hoʻopuka ia i nā hōʻailona e like me OCA, akā ʻaʻole e pili i nā wahi āpau o ka ʻili. ʻEleʻele a lauoho paha ka lauoho me ka sheen silvery. Maʻemaʻe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka ʻili i ka hina. Loaʻa ka hemahema o ka poʻe me kēia maʻi i nā hunaola keokeo, e hoʻonui ana i ko lākou pilikia i nā maʻi.

ʻO Griscelli Syndrome

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ʻōiwi ʻo Griscelli Ma muli o ka hemahema o kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu. Aia wale nō kēia maʻi o ka maʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa mai 1978. Kū ʻia me ka albinism (akā ʻaʻole paha e pili i ke kino holoʻokoʻa), nā pilikia pale, a me nā pilikia neurological. ʻO ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻo Griscelli ka hopena o ka make i loko o nā makahiki he 10 o ke ola.

He aha ke kumu o ka albinism?

ʻO kahi kīnā i loko o kekahi o nā gen e hana a hāʻawi paha i ka melanin e hana i ka albinism. ʻO ka hemahema paha ka hopena o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hana melanin, a i ʻole ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka hana melanin. Hele ka ʻaoʻao hema i nā mākua i ke keiki a alakaʻi i ka albinism.

ʻO wai ka mea makaʻu i ka albinism?

ʻO Albinism kahi maʻi hoʻoilina i loaʻa i ka wā hānau. Kūpono ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā keiki me ka albinism inā he mau mākua ko lākou me ka albinism, a he mau mākua paha e hāpai i ka ʻāpana no ka albinism.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka albinism?

E loaʻa i nā poʻe me ka albinism nā hōʻailona aʻe:

• ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kala i ka lauoho, ka ʻili, a i ʻole nā ​​maka
• ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka pena maʻamau o ka lauoho, ka ʻili, a me nā maka
• nā ʻili o ka ʻili i ke kala ʻole

Kū ka Albinism me nā pilikia ʻike, i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• strabismus (maka maka)
• photophobia (ʻike maʻalahi i ka mālam)
• nystagmus (neʻe mua ʻole i ka neʻe ʻana o nā maka)
• pilikia makapō a makapō paha
• astigmatism

Pehea e kuhikuhi ʻia ai ka albinism?

ʻO ke ala pololei loa e kuhikuhi ai i ka albinism ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻikepili e ʻike i nā ʻāpana hemahema e pili ana i ka albinism. ʻO nā ala ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka albinism e komo pū me ka loiloi o nā ʻōuli e kāu kauka a i ʻole kahi hōʻike electroretinogram. Ana kēia hōʻike i ka pane o nā hunaola mālamalama i nā maka e hōʻike i nā pilikia o ka maka e pili ana i ka albinism.

He aha nā ʻano lāʻau no ka albinism?

ʻAʻohe mea ola no ka albinism. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka lapaʻau ke hōʻoluʻolu i nā hōʻailona a pale i ka pōʻino o ka lā. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka mālama ʻana:

• pale aniani e pale ai i nā maka mai nā kukuna ultraviolet (UV) o ka lā
• ka lole pale a me ka pale lā e pale ai i ka ʻili mai nā kukuna UV
• maka aniani e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia ʻike
• ʻoki kino ma nā mākala o nā maka e hoʻoponopono i ka neʻe ʻana o ka maka ʻona

He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?

ʻAʻole pili ka hapa nui o nā ʻano albinism i ke ola. ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Hermansky-Pudlak, ʻo Chediak-Higashi syndrome, a me Griscelli maʻi e hoʻopili i ke ola, akā naʻe. ʻO kēia no nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i nā syndrome.

Pono paha ka poʻe me ka albinism e kaupalena i kā lākou hana i waho no ka mea pili ka ʻili a me ka maka i ka lā. Hiki i nā kukuna UV mai ka lā ke hana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili a me ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike i kekahi poʻe me ka albinism.