Hoʻoikaika hou

ʻO ka refaction kahi hoʻokolohua maka e ana i ke kuhikuhi a ke kanaka no nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani ʻike.

Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike e kahi ophthalmologist a i ʻole optometrist. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau loea ʻelua he "kauka maka."

Noho ʻoe i kahi noho i loaʻa kahi pono kūikawā (i kapa ʻia he phoroptor a i ʻole he bias) i hoʻopili ʻia iā ia.Nānā ʻoe ma o ka hāmeʻa a nānā i ka pakuhi maka 20 kapuaʻi (6 mau mika) ka mamao. Aia i loko o ka hāmeʻa nā aniani o nā ikaika ʻokoʻa i hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia i kāu ʻike. Hana ʻia ka hōʻike i hoʻokahi maka i ka manawa.

A laila e nīnau ke kauka maka inā ʻike hou ʻia a hoʻēmi paha ka pakuhi i ka wā o nā aniani ʻokoʻa.

Inā hoʻokomo ʻoe i nā aniani hoʻopili, e nīnau i ke kauka inā pono ʻoe e hemo iā lākou a no ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo.

ʻAʻohe pilikia.

Hiki ke hana i kēia hōʻike ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolohua maka maka maʻamau. ʻO ke kumu e hoʻoholo inā he kuhi hewa kāu (kahi pono o nā aniani a me nā aniani ʻike).

No ka poʻe ma luna o 40 mau makahiki i loaʻa ka ʻike mamao mamao akā paʻakikī me ka ʻike kokoke, hiki i kahi hōʻike refrakation ke hoʻoholo i ka mana kūpono o nā aniani heluhelu.

Inā he ʻike maʻamau kāu ʻike maka ʻole (me ka ʻole o nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani ʻike), a laila ʻo ka hewa refreactive (zero) a ʻo kāu ʻike e 20/20 (a i ʻole 1.0).

ʻO ka waiwai o 20/20 (1.0) ka hihi maʻamau. ʻO kēia ka hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i nā leka 3/8-inch (1 centimeter) ma 20 kapuaʻi (6 mika). Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻano liʻiliʻi e hoʻoholo i ka maʻamau ma kahi o ka hihiʻo.

Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hewa refreactive inā pono ʻoe i kahi hui o nā aniani e ʻike iā 20/20 (1.0). ʻO nā aniani a i ʻole nā ​​aniani kelepona e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike maikaʻi. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hewa refraactive, he "kuhikuhi" kāu. ʻO kāu kuhikuhi he mau helu e wehewehe i nā mana o nā aniani e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike pono.

Inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāu ʻike hope loa ma mua o 20/20 (1.0), ʻoiai me nā aniani aniani, a laila aia paha kekahi pilikia ʻokoʻa ʻole me kou maka.

ʻO ke kūlana o ka hihiʻo āu e hoʻokō ai i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo refraction i kapa ʻia ʻo ka acuity ʻike pono loa i hoʻoponopono ʻia (BCVA).

Nā hopena kūpono ʻole ma muli o:

• Astigmatism (kornea meli āpau ʻole e hoʻohuli i ka ʻike maka)
• Hyperopia (ʻike maka)
• Myopia (nearsightedness)
• Presbyopia (hiki ʻole ke nānā i nā mea kokoke e ulu me ka makahiki)

Nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hana ʻia ai ka hōʻike:

• Nā maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻino
• Loaʻa ka ʻike maka ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular
• Wehe retina (hoʻokaʻawale o ka membrane mālamalama māmā (retina) i ka hope o ka maka mai kāna mau papa kākoʻo)
• Retinal ipu ipu (blockage i loko o ka uuku artery e lawe i ke koko i ka retina)
• Retinitis pigmentosa (kahi maʻi hoʻoilina o ka retina)

ʻAʻohe pilikia me kēia hōʻike.

Pono ʻoe e nānā i ka maka holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia 3 a 5 mau makahiki inā ʻaʻohe ou pilikia. Inā hele a pohihihi kou maka, e ʻino, a i ʻole inā ʻike ʻia nā loli hou aʻe, e hoʻonohonoho koke i kahi hoʻokolokolo.

Ma hope o ka makahiki 40 (a i ʻole no ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o ka glaucoma), pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua maka ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e hoʻāʻo ai no ka glaucoma. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea me ka maʻi diabetes e pono e nānā i ka maka ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.

Pono nā kānaka me kahi kuhi hemahema i kahi hōʻike maka i kēlā me kēia 1 a 2 mau makahiki, a i ʻole ke loli paha kā lākou ʻike.

ʻIke maka - bias; Hōʻoia hihiʻo - refreaction; Hoʻoikaika hou

• ʻIke maʻamau

Chuck RS, Jacobs DS, Lee JK, et al; ʻO American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Refractive Management / Intervention Panel. Nā hewa Refractive a me nā ʻōnaehana refreactive Pre pattern Ophthalmology. 2018; 125 (1): 1-104. PMID: 29108748 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29108748.

Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, et al; American Academy o Ophthalmology. ʻO nā loiloi loiloi mākua mākua laulā makemake i nā ʻōkuhi kumu hana. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

Wu A. ʻO ka reflex Clinical. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 2.3.