Loaʻa i nā pulumonia i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu

ʻO ka Ponia he hanu (hanu) kahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi o ka akemāmā.

Mālama kēia ʻatikala i ka pulumonia i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu (CAP). ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano pneumonia i ka poʻe ʻaʻole i hele hou i ka haukapila a i ʻole kahi wahi mālama olakino e like me ka home kahu a i ʻole ka hale rehab. ʻO ka pulumonia e pili ana i ka poʻe i loko o nā keʻena mālama olakino, e like me nā haukapila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he pneumonia i loaʻa i ka haukapila.

ʻO ka Ponia he maʻi maʻamau e pili ana i miliona o ka poʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki i United States. Kāhea ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a me nā fungi e kumu i ka maʻi ponia. I ka poʻe mākua, ʻo ka bacteria ka kumu maʻamau o ka maʻi pneumonia.

Nā ala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka niumonia:

• Hiki ke pāhola i nā bacteria a me nā mea ʻino e noho ana i kou ihu, hewa, a waha paha i kou mau māmā.
• Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hanu i kekahi o kēia mau mikena i loko o kou mau māmā.
• Hanu ʻoe i (ʻai) i nā meaʻai, nā wai, ka luaʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​wai mai ka waha i loko o kou mau māmā (aspiration pneumonia).

Hiki ke kumu ʻia ka pulumonia e nā ʻano nui o nā g germ.

• ʻO ka ʻano maʻamau o nā bacteria ʻO Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
• ʻO ka pneumonia Atypical, i kapa pinepine ʻia he pneumonia hele, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria ʻē aʻe.
• Kāhea ʻia kahi fungus ʻO Pneumocystis jiroveci hiki ke hana i ka niumonia i ka poʻe nona ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻole e holo pono ana, keu hoʻi nā kānaka me ka maʻi HIV kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO nā Virus, e like me ka maʻi flu, a ʻo SARS-CoV-2 (ʻo ia ke kumu o COVID-19), he mau kumu maʻamau nō ia o ka maʻi ponia.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia e hoʻonui i kou manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pulumonia me:

• Maʻi maʻi maʻi (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)
• Puhi paka
• Dementia, hahau, ʻeha ma ka lolo, palsy cerebral, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi lolo ʻē aʻe
• Pilikia ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana (i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a i ʻole ma muli o ka maʻi HIV / AIDS, hoʻoliʻiliʻi organ, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻē aʻe)
• Nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka cirrhosis ate, a i ʻole ka maʻi kō
• ʻO ke kahakaha hou a trauma paha
• ʻO ke keʻoki e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka waha, ka ʻāʻī, a me ka ʻāʻī

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ka niumonia ʻo:

• Cough (me kekahi pneCommas hiki paha iā ʻoe ke huʻe i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka melemele melemele, a i ʻole ke mucus koko)
• Fiva, he akahai paha a kiʻekiʻe paha
• Ke haʻalulu nei
• Ka hanu ʻana (hiki wale paha ke piʻi i ke alapiʻi a hoʻoikaika paha iā ʻoe iho)

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e like me:

• Huikau, ʻoi aku i ka poʻe kahiko
• ʻOi aku ka hou o ka hou a me ka ʻili clammy
• ʻEha poʻo
• Ka nele o ka makemake, haʻahaʻa ikehu, a me ka luhi
• Malaise (ʻoluʻolu ʻole)
• Mākaʻi a ʻeha paha i ka ʻeha o ka umauma ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hanu ʻoe a i ʻole ka huehue
• White nail syndrome, a i ʻole leukonychia

E hoʻolohe ka mea mālama ola no nā māwae a i ʻole nā ​​kani hanu maʻamau ke hoʻolohe i kāu umauma me kahi stethoscope. ʻO ke paʻi ʻana ma ka paia o kou umauma (percussion) kōkua i ka mea hāʻawi e hoʻolohe a manaʻo no nā kani maʻamau i loko o kou umauma.

Inā kānalua ʻia ka niumonia, e kauoha paha ka mea hāʻawi i kahi ray x.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i kauoha ʻia e komo pū:

• ʻO nā kinoea koko e ʻike inā lawa ka oxygen i loko o kou koko mai nā ake māmā.
• ʻO ka moʻomeheu koko a me ka sputum e nānā no ka pōpō e hiki ai ke kumu i ka niumonia.
• CBC e nānā i ka helu o ke koko keʻokeʻo.
• CT scan o ka umauma.
• ʻO Bronchoscopy. ʻO kahi paipu maʻalahi me kahi kāmela kukui i ka hopena i iho i kāu mau māmā, i nā hihia i koho ʻia.
• Thoracentesis. Ke wehe nei i ka wai mai ka lewa ma waena o ka uhi waho o nā akemāmā a me ka paia o ka pahu.
• Nasopharyngeal swab e loiloi i nā mea ʻino e like me ka maʻi influenza a me SARS-CoV-2.

Pono e hoʻoholo mua kāu mea hāʻawi inā pono ʻoe i ka haukapila. Inā mālama ʻia ʻoe i ka haukapila, loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Nā Fluids a me nā antibiotic ma o kou uaua
• ʻOkoʻa oxygen
• Nā hana hanu (hiki)

Inā kuhi ʻia ʻoe me kahi ʻano bacteria o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, he mea nui e hoʻomaka koke ʻoe i nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo ma hope koke o kou ʻae ʻia. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi pneumonia viral, ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole pepehi nā antibiotic i nā virus. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e like me antivirals, inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi flu.

E hoʻokomo ʻia paha ʻoe i ka haukapila inā ʻoe:

• Loaʻa i kekahi pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi
• Loaʻa nā ʻōuli koʻikoʻi
• ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama iā ʻoe iho ma ka home, a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai a inu paha
• ʻOi aku ma mua o 65
• Ke lawe nei i nā lāʻau ʻalopika ma ka home a ʻaʻole maikaʻi iki

Hiki i nā kānaka he nui ke mālama ʻia ma ka home. Inā pēlā, e haʻi paha kāu mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau e like me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo.

Ke lawe nei i nā lāʻau ʻino.

• Mai haʻalele i nā kau. E lawe i ka lāʻau a hala wale, ʻoiai ke hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i ka maikaʻi.
• Mai ʻai i ka lāʻau kohoko a i ʻole ka lāʻau anuanu ke ʻole ke kauka i ʻōlelo mai ua maikaʻi. Kōkua ka ʻūpala i kou kino e kāpae i ka mucus mai kou mau māmā.

ʻO ka hanu hanu, pulu (mākū) ka lewa e kōkua i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mucus sticky i manaʻo ʻoe e ʻokaʻaka ana. Kōkua paha kēia mau mea:

• E kau i kahi kapa holoi mahana, pulu ma luna o kou ihu a me kou waha.
• Hoʻopiha i kahi humuhū me ka wai mehana a hanu i ka noe mehana.
• E lawe i nā hanu hohonu ʻelua a i ʻole 3 manawa i kēlā me kēia hola. E kōkua nā hanu hohonu i ka hāmama i kou mau māmā.
• E hoʻopili mālie i kou umauma i kekahi manawa i ka lā ke moe nei me kou poʻo i lalo o kou umauma. Kōkua kēia i ka lawe ʻana mai i ka huehue mai nā akemāmā i hiki iā ʻoe ke huʻe iā ia.

Inu i nā wai he nui, ke ʻōlelo a kāu mea hāʻawi ua maikaʻi.

• Inu i ka wai, wai, a i ʻole tī kī nāwaliwali
• Inu ma ka liʻiliʻi 6 a 10 mau kīʻaha (1.5 a 2.5 liters) i ka lā
• Mai inu rama

E hoʻomaha nui i kou wā e hoʻi ai i ka home. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pilikia e hiamoe ana i ka pō, e moe i nā lā i ke ao.

Me ka mālama ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ma waena o 2 mau pule. Pono nā mākua a ʻelemakule paha i nā maʻi e pono hou ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.

ʻO nā mea e loaʻa paha i ka maʻi pneumonia paʻakikī:

• Nā mākua makua
• ʻO ka poʻe nona ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻole i holo pono
• ʻO ka poʻe me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe e like me ka maʻi kō a i ʻole ka cirrhosis o ke ake

I nā kūlana i luna āpau, hiki i ka niumonia ke alakaʻi i ka make, inā nui ia.

I nā hihia maʻamau, hiki i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ke ulu aʻe, e like me:

• ʻO nā loli hoʻoweliweli i ke ola i nā māmā e pono ai ka mīkini hanu
• Fluid a puni ka hū (pleural effusion)
• Hoʻopili ʻia ka wai a puni ka akemāmā (empyema)
• Nā abscesses o ka lepa

E kauoha paha kāu mea hāʻawi i kahi lā x hou. E hōʻoia kēia i ka maopopo o kāu māmā. Akā he mau pule paha ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o kāu kukuna. E hauʻoli paha ʻoe ma mua o ka holoi ʻana o ka x-ray.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Cough e hānai i ka mucus koko a me ka popo
• Nā hanu (hanu) nā ʻōuli e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi
• ʻOi ka ʻeha o ka umauma ke ʻeha ʻoe ke hanu a hanu paha ʻoe
• Hanu wikiwiki a ʻeha hoʻi
• ʻO ka sweats i ka pō a i ʻole ka hoʻemi kaumaha i wehewehe ʻole ʻia
• Ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu, ke haʻalulu ʻana, a me nā fiva hoʻomau
• Nā hōʻailona o ka pulumonia a me kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali (e laʻa me, me HIV a chemotherapy)
• ʻO ke kaumaha o nā ʻōuli ma hope o ka hoʻomaikaʻi mua

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka niumonia e ka ukali ʻana i nā ana o lalo.

E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima, keu hoʻi:

• Ma mua o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai
• Ma hope o ka puhi ʻana i kou ihu
• Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka lua
• Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka diaper o kahi pēpē
• Ma hope o ka launa ʻana me ka poʻe maʻi

E hōʻalo i ka launa ʻana me ka poʻe maʻi.

Mai puhi. Hoʻopilikia ka paka i kou hiki i kou māmā e hakakā i ka maʻi.

Hiki ke kōkua i nā maʻi koʻokoʻo i ka pale ʻana i kekahi ʻano o ka pneumonia. E mālama pono i kēia mau lāʻau āpau:

• Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau flu ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi pneumonia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi flu.
• Hoʻoiho ka lāʻau lapaʻau Pocococcal i kou manawa e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻO Streptococcus pneumoniae.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā poʻe mākua a me nā kānaka me ka maʻi kō, ka hānō, ka maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi HIV, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, nā kānaka me nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana lōʻihi ʻē aʻe.

Bronchopneumonia; Pneumonia i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu; Kāpena

• Bronchiolitis - hoʻokuʻu
• ʻO ke anuanu a me ka maʻi palū - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka - makua
• ʻO ke anuanu a me ka maʻi palū - he aha kāu e noi aku ai i kāu kauka - keiki
• Pehea e hanu ai inā pōkole ʻoe o ka hanu
• Ka palekana o oxygen
• ʻO Ponia i nā mākua - hoʻokuʻu
• Poniaʻi i nā keiki - hoʻokuʻu
• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka oxygen ma ka home
• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka oxygen ma ka home - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
• Ke kuni kāu pēpē a pēpē paha

• ʻŌnaehana hanu
• Pulumonia
• Pā kui keʻokeʻo

ʻO Daly JS, ʻo Ellison RT. Pneumonia huehue. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 67.

ʻO Musher DM. ʻO ka nānā ākea o ka pulumonia. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 91.

ʻO Wunderunk RG. Nā ʻōkuhi e mālama i ka pulumonia i loaʻa i ke kaiāulu. ʻO Med Chest Med. 2018; 39 (4): 723-731. PMID: 30390744 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30390744/.