Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i nā ʻano maʻi ʻo Diabetes 2

Anter

• ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ka maʻi diabetes type 2
• Hoʻonui pinepine a hoʻonui paha i ka urination
• Ka makewai
• Ka luhi
• ʻIke makapō
• Nā maʻi hou a me nā ʻeha
• Nā hōʻailona hōʻeha o ka maʻi diabetes type 2
• Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā keiki
• Nā mālama ola
• Ke nānā nei i ke kō kō
• Papaʻai olakino
• ʻOihana hoʻoikaika kino
• Nā lāʻau a me ka insulin
• Metformin
• Sulfonylureas
• ʻO Meglitinides
• ʻO Thiazolidinediones
• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) nā mea kūpale
• ʻO Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 receptor agonists)
• ʻO ka mea lawe lawe paʻakai sodium-glucose (SGLT) 2 mea hoʻopaʻa
• ʻO ka lāʻau insulina
• Outlook

Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi diabetes type 2

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes Type 2 kahi maʻi maʻi mau i hiki ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe ke kō kō (glucose) ma mua o ka maʻamau. ʻAʻole manaʻo ka poʻe he nui i nā ʻōuli me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā ʻōuli maʻamau a hiki ke ʻike ʻia he mea nui ia. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi kōkō ʻelua ke kū kiʻekiʻe nā kū kō kō.

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ke ʻano diabetes he 2:

• make wai nui loa
• pinepine a hoʻonui i ka urination, keu hoʻi i ka pō
• pōloli nui
• luhi
• ʻike hihi
• ʻeha a ʻokiʻoki ʻole e hoʻōla

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli ma ke ʻano mau, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Paipai paha lākou iā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka maʻi kō, e hana ʻia me ke kahakaha koko maʻamau. Hoʻomaka maʻamau ka kānana diabetes maʻamau i ka makahiki 45.

Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaka paha ma mua inā ʻoe:

• kaona kaumaha
• kauā kau
• hoʻopilikia ʻia e ke koko kiʻekiʻe, i kēia manawa a i ʻole hāpai ʻoe
• mai kahi ʻohana me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi diabetes type 2
• mai kahi lāhui i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka maʻi diabetes type 2
• i ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko, nā haʻahaʻa kolesterol maikaʻi, a me nā pae triglyceride kiʻekiʻe
• he maʻi puʻuwai
• loaʻa i ka polycystic ovary syndrome

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ka maʻi diabetes type 2

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes, hiki iā ia ke kōkua e hoʻomaopopo pehea ka hopena o kāu pae kō kō i ke ala āu e manaʻo ai. ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe glucose kiʻekiʻe ke kumu o nā ʻōuli maʻamau. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

Hoʻonui pinepine a hoʻonui paha i ka urination

Hoʻonui ka pae glucose kiʻekiʻe i nā wai mai kāu mau hunaola. Hoʻonui kēia i ka nui o ka wai i hāʻawi ʻia i nā puʻupaʻa. Pono kēia iā ʻoe e mimi hou aku. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaloʻo iā ʻoe.

Ka makewai

Ke hele a maloʻo kou mauʻiʻo, e make wai ʻoe. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka make wai kekahi hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi kō. ʻO ka nui o ka mimi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka inu e pono ai, a ʻo ka hope.

Ka luhi

ʻO ka luhi ke kaumaha kekahi ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi kō. ʻO ka glucose kekahi o nā kumu waiwai nui o ke kino. Ke hiki ʻole i nā pūnaewele ke komo i ke kō, hiki iā ʻoe ke luhi a luhi paha.

ʻIke makapō

I ka wā pōkole, hiki i nā pae glucose kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā aniani i ka maka. Alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻike maka ʻole. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana i kāu kō kō i ke kaohi hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o ka ʻike. Inā kū kiʻekiʻe nā kō kō i ke kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki i nā pilikia maka ʻē aʻe ke kū.

Nā maʻi hou a me nā ʻeha

Hiki i nā pae glucose kiʻekiʻe ke paʻakikī i kou kino e hoʻōla. No laila, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻeha e like me nā ʻoki a me nā ʻeha. ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai i ka maʻi.

I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou o ke kō no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i kekahi hōʻailona. Hiki i ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia lōʻihi, e like me:

• kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻi puʻuwai
• pilikia wāwae
• pōʻino nerve
• nā maʻi maka
• maʻi maʻi ʻōpū

Pilikia pū kekahi me ka maʻi diabetes no nā maʻi maʻi pākī koʻikoʻi. I ka poʻe me ka ʻole diabetes, ʻeha mau nā maʻi pākino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes kēlā ʻano ʻeha me ka mimiki. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi a hiki i ka laha ʻana i nā puʻupaʻa.

Nā hōʻailona hōʻeha o ka maʻi diabetes type 2

ʻO ke kō kō kiʻekiʻe e hōʻino ai i ke kino i ka wā lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ke kō kō kō haʻahaʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo hypoglycemia, i mea pilikia pilikia. Hana ʻia ka hypoglycemia ke loaʻa nā pae haʻahaʻa o ke kō i ke kiʻekiʻe. No ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻisā ʻano 2, ʻo ka poʻe wale nō e pili ana i nā lāʻau e hoʻonui i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka insulin i ke kino e makaʻu no ke kō kō kō.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka hypoglycemia:

• luliluli ʻana
• ʻūpā
• pōloli
• ʻeha poʻo
• ka houʻu ʻana
• pilikia manaʻo
• ukiuki a i ʻole moodiness
• puʻuwai wikiwiki

Inā ʻoe ma nā lāʻau e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka insulin i loko o kou kino, e ʻike pono ʻike ʻoe pehea e mālama ai i ke kō kō.

Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā keiki

Wahi a ka Mayo Clinic, ʻaʻole hōʻike kekahi mau keiki me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2 i nā ʻōuli, ʻoiai hōʻike kekahi. Pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio me ke kauka o kāu keiki inā loaʻa i kāu keiki kekahi o nā ʻano pōpilikia-ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike nei i nā ʻōuli maʻamau.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia me:

• ke kaupaona (ke loaʻa nei kahi BMI ma luna o ka 85th pakeneka)
• hana ole
• he pili koko pili loa he ʻano diabetes kona ʻano
• ʻO ka lāhui (ʻApelika-ʻAmelika, Hispanika, ʻōiwi ʻAmelika, ʻAsia-ʻAmelika, a me ka mokupuni Pākīpika e hōʻike ʻia i ka nui o nā hanana)

ʻO nā keiki e hōʻike i nā ʻōuli ʻike i nā ʻano like like me nā mākua.

• luhi (manaʻo luhi a huhū)
• hoʻonui i ka make wai a me ka urination
• hoʻonui i ka pōloli
• ka pohō kaumaha (ʻai i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka maʻamau akā ke mau nei ke kaupaona)
• ʻāpana o ka ʻili ʻeleʻele
• ʻeha hoʻōlohi
• ʻike hihi ʻole

Nā mālama ola

Pono ʻoe i nā lāʻau a me ka insulin e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kou kō kō ma o ka nānā pono ʻana, ka papaʻai, a me ka hoʻoikaika kino kekahi ʻāpana nui o ka lapaʻau. ʻOiai hiki i kekahi poʻe ke kaohi i kā lākou ʻano diabetes he 2 me ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino wale nō, e nānā mau ʻoe me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe.

Ke nānā nei i ke kō kō

ʻO ke ala wale nō e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka pae ʻana o ke kō o ke kō ma loko o kāu pae e kia ia. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke nānā a hoʻopaʻa i kou mau kō kō i nā manawa he nui i kēlā me kēia lā a i ʻole mai kēlā me kēia manawa. Aia kēia i kāu papa hoʻolālā.

Papaʻai olakino

ʻAʻohe meaʻai kikoʻī e paipai ʻia no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Eia nō naʻe, mea nui ka nānā ʻana o kāu papaʻai i nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, a me nā ʻanoʻa holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia nā meaʻai momona, momona momona. Pono ʻoe e hoʻēmi i nā mea momona, nā kālika, a me nā huahana holoholona. ʻO nā meaʻai papa kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa-glycemic (nā meaʻai e mālama pono ai i ke kō kō) no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2.

Hiki i kāu kauka a i ʻole kahi mea kālaikūʻai i hoʻopaʻa inoa ke kōkua i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi papa ʻaina nāu. Hiki iā lākou ke aʻo iā ʻoe pehea e nānā ai i kāu papaʻai e mālama ai i ke kūpaʻa kō kō kō.

ʻOihana hoʻoikaika kino

He mea nui ka hoʻoikaika mau no nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. E hana ʻoe i ka hoʻoikaika kino i wahi o kāu hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi inā koho ʻoe i nā hana āu e leʻaleʻa ai, e like me ka hele wāwae, ʻauʻau ʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​haʻuki. E hōʻoia e loaʻa ka ʻae a kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi hoʻoikaika kino. Hiki ke hoʻololi aʻe ma waena o nā ʻano hana like ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i hoʻokahi wale nō.

He mea nui e nānā i kāu pae kō kō ma mua o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana. Hiki i ka hoʻoikaika kino ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kāu mau kō kō kō. I mea e pale aku ai i ke kō kō haʻahaʻa, e noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka ʻai ʻana i kahi meaʻai māmā ma mua o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana.

Nā lāʻau a me ka insulin

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e pono i nā lāʻau a me ka insulin e mālama i kāu pae kō kō. He mea kēia e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā kumu he nui, e like me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe āu, a me nā pae kō kō.

ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes ʻano ʻelua:

Metformin

ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ka lāʻau mua i kau ʻia. Kōkua ia i kou kino e hoʻohana pono i ka insulin. ʻO kekahi o nā hopena ʻē aʻe he nausea a me ka diarrhea. Hele aku kēia mau mea i ka hoʻololi ʻana o kou kino iā ia.

I Mei 2020, ua paipai ʻia i kekahi mau mea hana o metformin hoʻolōʻihi hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kāpae i kekahi o kā lākou papa mai ka mākeke U.S. ʻO kēia no ka mea he pae i ʻae ʻole ʻia o kahi carcinogen probable (ʻākena e hana ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai) i loaʻa i kekahi mau papa metformin hoʻolōʻihi ʻia. Inā lawe ʻoe i kēia lāʻau i kēia manawa, e kāhea i kāu kauka. E ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lākou inā ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau a i ʻole inā makemake ʻoe i kahi palapala hou.

Sulfonylureas

Kōkua kēia lāʻau i kou kino e hūnā i ka nui o ka insulin. ʻO kekahi mau hopena ʻē aʻe ke kō ke kō kō a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaupaona.

ʻO Meglitinides

Hana kēia mau lāʻau e like me sulfonylureas, akā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o kā lākou hopena. Hiki iā lākou ke kumu i ke kō kō kō, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka sulfonylureas.

ʻO Thiazolidinediones

Kūlike kēia mau lāʻau i ka metformin. ʻAʻole lākou he koho mua loa na nā kauka ma muli o ka makaʻu o ka puʻuwai a me nā haki.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) nā mea kūpale

Kōkua kēia mau lāʻau i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā pae kō kō. He hopena haʻahaʻa ko lākou akā ʻaʻole ia e kumu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha. Aia kekahi mea hiki ke loaʻa ka pancreatitis ākea a me ka ʻeha pū.

ʻO Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 receptor agonists)

Hoʻoiho kēia mau lāʻau i ka digestion, kōkua i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i ke kō, a kōkua i ka pohō kaumaha. Paipai ka American Diabetes Association (ADA) iā lākou i nā kūlana kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi (CKD), puʻuwai puʻuwai, a i ʻole atherosclerotic Cardienal maʻi (ASCVD) ka mea nui.

ʻIke ka poʻe i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, a i ʻole ka diarrhea, a aia paha kahi pilikia no nā tumo thyroid.

ʻO ka mea lawe lawe paʻakai sodium-glucose (SGLT) 2 mea hoʻopaʻa

Pale kēia mau lāʻau i nā puʻupaʻa mai ke komo hou ʻana i ke kō i loko o ke koko. Hoʻopau ʻia i ka mimi ma kahi. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā lāʻau diabetes hou ma ka mākeke.

E like me nā agonists receptor GLP-1, koi ʻia nā mea kūpale SGLT2 e ka ADA i nā hihia kahi CKD, puʻuwai puʻuwai, a i ʻole ASCVD e lanakila ai.

ʻO nā hopena i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā maʻi hū, nā maʻi o ka urinary, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka urination, a me ka ʻoki ʻana.

ʻO ka lāʻau insulina

Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka insulin, no ka mea, keʻakeʻa ka digestion ke lawe ʻia ka insulin e ka waha. ʻO ka hana a me ka helu o nā injection e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā kaukaʻi ʻia i kēlā me kēia mea maʻi. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano inikina a ke kauka e kuhikuhi ai. Hana ʻokoʻa kā lākou hana. ʻO kekahi mau koho:

• insulin glulisine (Apidra)
• insulin lispro (Humalog)
• insulin aspart (Novolog)
• insulin glargine (Lantus)
• insulin detemir (Levemir)
• isophane insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N)

Outlook

He mea nui e nānā me kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi kōkō ʻelua. Inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes 2 ke alakaʻi i nā hopohopo olakino koʻikoʻi a me nā pōʻino lōʻihi o kou kino. Ke kuhi ʻia ʻoe, aia kekahi mau lāʻau, mālama, a me nā loli i kāu papaʻai a me kāu hana kino e hoʻokūpaʻa i kāu mau kō kō kō.

Wahi a ka Mayo Clinic, makemake kāu kauka e lawe i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole i kēlā me kēia manawa e nānā:

• kaomi koko
• hakuʻala a me ka ate hana
• hana thyroid,
• pae kolesterol

Pono ʻoe i nā hōʻoia wāwae a me nā maka.