Wehewehe ʻia nā Proto-Oncogenes

Anter

• ʻO Proto-oncogene vs. oncogene
• Hana o nā proto-oncogenes
• Hiki i nā proto-oncogenes ke kumu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?
• Nā laʻana o nā proto-oncogenes
• Ras
• HER2
• Myc
• ʻO Cyclin D
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

He aha ka proto-oncogene?

Hana ʻia kāu genes o ke kaʻina o DNA e loaʻa ai ka ʻike e pono ai no kāu mau pūnaewele e hana a ulu pono. Aia nā ʻōkuhi i nā ʻōkuhi (nā ʻōkuhi) e haʻi i kahi pūnaewele e hana i kahi ʻano protein. He hana kūikawā ko kēlā me kēia protein i ke kino.

A proto-oncogene he ʻāpana maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i loko o ke keena. Nui nā proto-oncogenes. ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i kahi protein i loko o ka ulu ʻana o ka pūnaewele, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe i loko o ka huna. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hana kēia mau ʻāpana i ke ala e like me kā lākou e manaʻo ai, akā i kekahi manawa ua hewa nā mea.

Inā loaʻa kahi kuhi hewa (hoʻololi) i kahi proto-oncogene, hiki ke huli ke ʻanā i ka manawa i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e huli. Inā kū kēia, hiki i ka proto-oncogene ke lilo i ʻāpana hewa i kapa ʻia ʻo an oncogene. E hoʻomaka ana nā cell e ulu aʻe ma waho o ka kaohi. ʻO ke ulu ʻana o ka cell ke alakaʻi ʻole ʻia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO Proto-oncogene vs. oncogene

ʻO nā Proto-oncogenes nā genes maʻamau e kōkua i nā hunaola e ulu. ʻO kahi oncogene kekahi ʻāpana e hiki ai ke maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka ulu ʻole o ka cell i kāohi ʻole ʻia. Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka proto-oncogenes i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana o ka pūnaewele, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i oncogenes ke hoʻololi mau kahi mutation (hewa) i ka ʻāpana.

I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hoʻololi ʻia nā oncogenes o nā proto-oncogenes. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻaʻole naʻe nā mea āpau, nā oncogenes i ke kino e ala aʻe mai nā proto-oncogenes.

Hana o nā proto-oncogenes

ʻO ka Proto-oncogenes kahi pūʻulu o nā gen maʻamau i loko o kahi hunaola. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike kūpono no kou kino e hana i nā protein i kuleana no:

• hoʻoulu i ka mahele o ke kelepona
• ke kāohi nei i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka pūnaewele
• ka pale ʻana i ka apoptosis (make cell)

Pono kēia mau kaʻina hana no ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pūnaewele a no ka mālama ʻana i nā aʻa a me nā mea olakino olakino i kou kino.

Hiki i nā proto-oncogenes ke kumu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai?

ʻAʻole hiki i kahi proto-oncogene ke kumu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke ʻole ka loli i ka ʻāpana e hoʻohuli iā ia i oncogene.

Ke holo a hoʻololi i kahi proto-oncogene, e huli mau ʻia ia (hoʻoulu ʻia). E hoʻomaka ka gen e hana i nā protein i kuhi no ka ulu ʻana o ka cell. Kūpono ʻole ka ulu ʻana o ka cell. ʻO kēia kahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o nā tumekea maʻi maʻi.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka nā proto-oncogenes i ko lākou kino. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono nā proto-oncogenes i mea e ola ai mākou. Hoʻokumu wale nā ​​Proto-oncogenes i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke hiki kahi hoʻololi i ka ʻāpana e hopena ai ka huli ʻana o ka ʻāpana. Kapa ʻia kēia he hoʻololi hoʻololi o ka hana.

Kuhi ʻia kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana i nā hoʻololi nui. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hoʻokahi wale nō kope o ka moʻo e pono e hoʻololi i mea e paipai ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Aia ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻekolu mau ʻano hoʻololi o ka loaʻa-o-ka hana e hiki ai ke lilo i ka proto-oncogene e lilo i oncogene:

• Kahi hoʻololi. Hoʻololi, hoʻololi, a holoi paha kēia hoʻololi i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mau nucleotides i loko o ke kaʻina moʻokūʻauhau, i ka hopena o ka proto-oncogene.
• Hoʻonui ʻana o Gene. Alakaʻi kēia hoʻololi i nā kope keu o ka ʻāpana.
• Hoʻololi Chromosomal. ʻO kēia ke neʻe ʻia ka moʻokūʻauhau i kahi pūnaewele chromosomal hou e alakaʻi i ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe.

Wahi a ka American Cancer Society, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mutation e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻaʻole hoʻoilina. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo ʻaʻole ʻoe i hānau ʻia me ka hewa gen. Akā, hiki ke hoʻololi i kekahi manawa i kou ola.

Loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau mutation mai kahi maʻi me kahi ʻano o ka maʻi i kapa ʻia he retrovirus. Hoʻokani pū paha ka uila, uahi, a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ke kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā proto-oncogenes. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā lākou proto-oncogenes.

Nā laʻana o nā proto-oncogenes

Ma kahi o 40 mau proto-oncogenes ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO nā laʻana me:

Ras

Kāhea ʻia ka proto-oncogene mua e lilo i oncogene Ras.

Ras hoʻopāʻālua i kahi protein protein-transduction protein intracellular. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, Ras ʻo ia kekahi o nā kī kī on / off i ke kaʻina o nā ʻanuʻu i kahi ala nui e hopena i ka ulu ʻana o ka cell. Āhea Ras mutated, hoʻopā'ālua ia no kahi protein i kumu i kahi hōʻailona hoʻolauna ulu ulu ʻole.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi maʻi pancreatic i kahi hoʻololi i ka Ras ʻāpana Ua loaʻa pū nā hihia he nui o ka mumū, kolona, ​​a me nā tumroid thyroid i kahi hoʻololi i loko Ras.

HER2

ʻO kekahi proto-oncogene kaulana ʻē aʻe HER2. Hana kēia gen i nā receptor protein i pili i ka ulu a me ka mahele o nā hunaola i ka umauma. He nui ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka gen i loko o kā lākou HER2 ʻāpana Kēiaʻano o ka umauma maʻi 'aʻai ua pinepine haawiia mai e like me HER2-maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maikaʻi.

Myc

ʻO ka Myc pili ka ʻāpana me kekahi ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo Burkitt's lymphoma. Hana ʻia ia ke neʻe kahi translocation chromosomal i kahi kaʻina enhancer gene kokoke i ka Myc proto-oncogene.

ʻO Cyclin D

ʻO Cyclin D ʻo ia kekahi proto-oncogene. ʻO kāna hana maʻamau ka hana ʻana i kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo Rb tumor suppressor protein i hana ʻole.

I kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai, e like me nā tumors o ka gland parathyroid, ʻO Cyclin D Hoʻoikaika ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻololi. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou i kāna hana o ka hana ʻole i ka protein suppressor tumor. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana o ka cell i kāohi ʻole ʻia.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Loaʻa i kāu mau hunaola nā ʻāpana nui e hoʻoponopono ai i ka ulu a me ka mahele ʻana o ka cell. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o kēia mau ʻāpana i kapa ʻia he proto-oncogenes. Kapa ʻia nā ʻano mutated oncogenes. Hiki i nā Oncogenes ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kāpae loa i ka hoʻololi ʻana o kahi mutation mai kahi proto-oncogene, akā he hopena paha kāu nohona. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou makaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e:

• ka mālama ʻana i kahi kaupaona olakino
• ke pale ʻana i nā maʻi i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e like me ka maʻi hepitis B a me ka papillomavirus kanaka (HPV)
• e ʻai nei i ka papaʻai kaulike i hoʻopili ʻia me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu
• hoʻoikaika kino mau
• ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā huahana paka
• ka palena ʻana i kāu lawe ʻana i ka ʻalekohola
• me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale o ka lā ke hele ʻoe i waho
• ʻike pinepine ʻana i ke kauka no ka nānā ʻana

ʻOiai me kahi ʻano olakino olakino, hiki ke loli i kahi proto-oncogene. ʻO kēia ke kumu e nānā nei nā mea noiʻi i nā oncogenes ma ke ʻano he māka nui no nā lāʻau anticancer.