Onchocerciasis: he aha ia, nā ʻōuli a me nā lāʻau

Anter

• Pōʻaiapuni olaola
• Nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o onchocerciasis
• Pehea e kuhikuhi ai
• Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau
• Kāohi ʻana iā Onchocerciasis

ʻO Onchocerciasis, ka mea i kaulana nui ʻia me ka makapō o ka muliwai a i ʻole ka maʻi gula panner, kahi parasitosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka parasite Onchocerca volvulus. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia maʻi e ka nahu o ka lele o ka genus Simulium spp., i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka lele ʻeleʻele a i ʻole makika kāpili, ma muli o kona ʻano like me nā makika, i hiki ke loaʻa maʻa mau ma ka muliwai.

ʻO ka hōʻike pilikino koʻikoʻi o kēia maʻi ka hele ʻana o ka parasite i nā maka, e lilo ana i ka nalowale holomua o ka ʻike, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻike ʻia ai ka onchocerciasis ʻo ka makapō o ka muliwai. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka onchocerciasis ke hoʻomau i ka asymptomat no nā makahiki, kahi mea paʻakikī i kāna kuhi.

Pōʻaiapuni olaola

Ke pōʻaiapuni olaola o Onchocerca volvulus hana ʻia ma ka lele a ma ke kāne hoʻi. Hoʻomaka ka pōʻaiapuni i ke kanaka ke hānai ke kolo i ke koko, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā larva infective i loko o ke kahe o ke koko. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia mau ʻohana i ke kaʻina hana oʻo, hoʻohua a hoʻokuʻu i ka microfilariae, i pālahalaha ʻia ma o ke koko a hiki i nā mea like ʻole, kahi e ulu ai lākou, e hoʻomaka ai i nā hōʻailona a hoʻomaka i kahi pōʻaiapuni hou.

Hiki i nā lele ke lilo i maʻi i ka wā e nahu ana i kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka microfilariae i loko o ko lākou koko, no ka mea i ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana ua pau lākou i ke komo ʻana i ka microfilariae, ka mea i loko o ka ʻōpū e lilo i maʻi a hele i nā galani salivary, hiki i ka maʻi o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ke koko. hānai ʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o microfilariae e nā larvae makua ma kahi o 1 mau makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomaka wale nā ​​ʻōuli o ka onchocerciasis ma hope o 1 makahiki o ka maʻi a me ka nui o nā ʻōuli e pili ana i ka nui o microfilariae. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i nā larvae makua ke ola i ka meaola ma waena o 10 a 12 mau makahiki, me ka wahine hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi 1000 microfilariae i kēlā me kēia lā, nona ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki.

Nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o onchocerciasis

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka onchocerciasis ka nalowale holomua o ka ʻike ma muli o ke kū ʻana o microfilariae i nā maka, inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia hiki ke alakaʻi i ka makapō. ʻO nā ʻano hōʻike maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻo:

• Onchocercoma, i kūlike i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o subcutaneous a me nā nodule kelepona e paʻa ana nā ilo makua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau nodule i loko o ka pelvic, ka umauma a me ke poʻo, no ka laʻana, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻeha ʻoiai ke ola nei nā ilo, ke make lākou nā lākou i ke kaʻina ʻāpiki, a ʻeha loa;
• Oncodermatitis, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he dermatitis oncocercous, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻili o ka ʻili, atrophy a me ka hana pelu i kū ma muli o ka make ʻana o ka microfilariae e waiho nei i loko o nā mea hoʻopili o ka ʻili.
• Nā hōʻeha maka, nā liona hiki ʻole ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kumu ʻia e ke alo o microfilariae i nā maka i hiki ke hopena i ka makapō piha.

Eia hou, aia paha he mau lehelehe lymphatic, kahi e hiki ai i ka microfilariae ke hōʻea i nā lymph nodes kokoke i nā ʻili o ka ʻili a hana i nā hōʻino.

Pehea e kuhikuhi ai

ʻO ka loiloi mua o ka onchocerciasis he paʻakikī, ʻoiai hiki i ka maʻi ke asymptomatic no nā makahiki. Hana ʻia ka hōʻailona ma o nā ʻōuli i hōʻike ʻia e ke kanaka, me ka hoʻohui i nā hoʻokolohua i noi ʻia e ke kauka e kōkua e hōʻoia i ka ʻike, e like me nā hoʻokolohua ophthalmological a me nā hoʻokolohua koko kahi e ʻimi ʻia ai ka microfilariae i waena o nā erythrocytes. Eia hou, hiki i ke kauka ke noi i ka ultrasound, e nānā i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā nodule e ka parasite, a me nā hoʻokolohua molekole, e like me PCR e ʻike ai i ka Onchocerca volvulus.

Ma waho o kēia mau hoʻāʻo, hiki i ke kauka ke noi i kahi hoʻokolohua histopathological, kahi e hana ʻia ai kahi biopsy o kahi ʻili liʻiliʻi e ʻike ai i ka microfilariae a kāpae i ka hanana ʻana o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me adenopathies, lipomas a me sebstous cyst.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

Hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka onchocerciasis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka anti-parasitic Ivermectin, ka mea maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka microfilaria, no ka mea hiki ke hana i kona make me ka hana ʻole i nā hopena ʻino loa. E aʻo pehea e lawe ai iā Ivermectin.

ʻOiai maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka microfilariae, ʻaʻohe hopena o Ivermectin i nā ʻūlū mākua, a he mea pono e hemo i nā nodule i loko o nā ʻiʻo makua.

Kāohi ʻana iā Onchocerciasis

Ke ala maikaʻi e pale aku ai i ka maʻi maʻi ma Onchocerca volvulus ke hoʻohana nei ia i nā repellents a me nā lole kūpono, keu hoʻi i nā wahi kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka nui o nā mea kolo a me nā moena o ka muliwai, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hana i ka hakakā ʻana i ka makika, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā larvicides biodegradable a me nā insecticides, no ka laʻana.

Hoʻohui ʻia, koi ʻia i nā kamaʻāina o nā wahi endemik a i ʻole ka poʻe i noho ma ia mau wahi e mālama ʻia me Ivermectin i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i ʻole semi-makahiki ma ke ʻano he ala e pale ai i ka onchocerciasis.