Lymphoma: he aha ia, nā hōʻailona nui a me ka mālama ʻana

Anter

• Nā hōʻailona nui
• He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lymphoma a me leukemia?
• He aha nā kumu
• Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi
• Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau
• 1. ʻO Chemotherapy
• 2. Radiotherapy
• 3. Immunotherapy
• 4. Ka hoʻoneʻe iwi ʻana o ka iwi
• 5. ʻO Gene therapy
• 6. ʻoki kino
• Hiki ke hoola ʻia ka lymphoma?

ʻO Lymphoma kahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e pili ana i nā lymphocytes, ʻo ia nā hunaola no ke pale ʻana i ke kino mai nā maʻi a me nā maʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomōhala nui i nā lymph node, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lingas, i loaʻa ma ka ʻūlima, ʻūlū a me ka ʻāʻī, e alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu a hiki ke hana i nā ʻōuli e like me ke kuni, ka hou ʻana i ka pō, ka luhi nui a me ka pohō kaumaha. me ke kumu ole.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka lymphoma i nā mākua ma mua o nā keiki, a ʻoi aku ka makaʻu o kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi, e like me ka poʻe i loaʻa ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana o ka lymphoma, i loaʻa kahi maʻi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka palekana a i ʻole i loaʻa i ka maʻi. e kekahi mau mea ʻino e like me HIV, Epstein-Barr a i ʻole HTLV-1.

ʻElua ʻano lymphoma, i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā ʻano o nā hunaola malignant i loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics, e like me:

• ʻO lyodoma ʻo Hodgkin, ʻo ia ka mea pinepine ʻole, pili i ka poʻe ʻelemakule a pahuhopu i nā huna pale pale kino, ʻano lymphocytes B;
• ʻO lymphoma Non-Hodgkin, ʻo ka mea maʻamau a hoʻomohala maʻamau mai nā lymphocytes B a me T. E nānā hou aʻe e pili ana i ka lymphoma non-Hodgkin.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka lymphoma ma o nā hoʻokolohua koko, nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻana a me ka biopsy iwi pūwi a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ka chemotherapy, radiotherapy a me ka hoʻohuli iwi o ka iwi. Inā ʻike mua ʻia ia a inā i hoʻomaka koke ʻia ka mālama ʻana, kiʻekiʻe ka manawa o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka lymphoma.

Nā hōʻailona nui

ʻO nā ʻōuli nui o ka lymphoma ka wela mau, ka hou o ka pō a me ke kū ʻana o nā lymph node i hoʻonui ʻia, i ʻike ʻia e ke kū ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu i ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻūlima a i ʻole ke ʻū. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka lymphoma:

• Luhi nui loa;
• ʻEkiu;
• Malaise;
• Ka nele o ka makemake;
• Lahilahi me ke kumu ʻole;
• Ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu a me ke kaʻe.

Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia mau ʻōuli, ʻo ka pelupelu, kahi ʻōnaehana no ka hana ʻana i nā hunaola pale, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻōpū, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e ka lymphoma a lilo i pehu a hana i ka ʻeha, a ʻo ia hoʻi Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka lymph node, hiki iā ia ke kaomi ma ke aʻalolo i ka wāwae a hana i ka helu a i ʻole ke kani ʻana. ʻIke i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai lymphatic.

I ke alo o kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli, koi ʻia e hele i ke kauka no nā hoʻokolohua a, inā hōʻoia ʻia ka hōʻoia, hiki ke hoʻomaka ʻia ka lapaʻau kūpono e like me ke alakaʻi a ka mea hana maʻamau, hematologist a oncologist paha.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lymphoma a me leukemia?

I ka leukemia, hoʻomaka nā cell malignant e hoʻonui i ka iwi o ka iwi, akā i ka lymphoma, hoʻomaka ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, a i ʻole lingual. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoiai ua like kekahi mau ʻōuli, e like me ke kuni a me ka hou o ka pō, i ka leukemia ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko a ʻike ʻia nā kiko poni ma ke kino, a i ka lymphoma, kū ka ʻili ʻili.

He aha nā kumu

ʻAʻole i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia nā kumu o ka lymphoma, akā ʻo ka poʻe ma mua o 60 e hoʻomohala i ka lymphoma non-Hodgkin. ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e pili pū paha me ka puka ʻana o ka lymphoma nā maʻi o ka maʻi HIV, ʻo ka maʻi Epstein-Barr, ka mea e kumu ai ka mononucleosis, HTLV-1, ʻo ia ke kuleana no kekahi ʻano hepatitis, a me nā maʻi ʻaʻa e nā koʻohune. Helicobacter pylori, hiki ke loaʻa i ka ʻōpū.

Eia hou, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana i kahi maʻi e hōʻemi ai i ka pale ʻana, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi autoimmune, e like me ka lupus a i ʻole ka maʻi celiac, a me ka hana ʻana i nā wahi me ka nui o ka hopena o nā kemika, e like me nā pesticides, hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lymphoma. . E ʻike i nā mea e hiki ke kumu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai lymphatic.

Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi

Hana ʻia ke kuhi o ka lymphoma ma o ka loiloi ʻia o nā ʻōuli e ka mea hana maʻamau, hematologist a i ʻole oncologist a me nā hopena o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua, e like me:

• Nā koko: hoʻohana ʻia lākou e loiloi i nā hunaola koko a me nā enzyme, no ka mea ʻo nā loli i ka leukogram, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā lymphocytes, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) e hōʻike i ke kū ʻana o ka lymphoma;
• X-ray: hāʻawi i nā kiʻi o nā ʻāpana o ke kino e hoʻopili ʻia e ka lymphoma;
• Hoʻomohala helu: ʻae i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi o nā ʻāpana o ke kino i ke kikoʻī ma mua o ka X-ray, hiki ke ʻike i ka lymphoma;
• Kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki: a me ka tomography i helu ʻia, lawelawe ia e ʻike i nā wahi o ke kino e loli ʻia e ka lymphoma ma o nā kiʻi;
• Hoʻolālā holoholona he ʻano ia o ka tomography i helu ʻia, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka ʻike o ka metastasis, ʻo ia ka wā e hohola ai ka lymphoma i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino;

Hōʻike ʻia nō hoʻi e ke kauka e hana i kahi biopsy iwi iwi e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka iwi mai ka pelvis e kālailai i nā hunaola o ka momona a ʻike inā ua hoʻopili ʻia lākou e ka lymphoma.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

Mai nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua, e hōʻike ka hematologist a i ʻole oncologist i ka lapaʻau ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano, ka nui, ke kekelē a me ka ʻāina e loaʻa ai ka lymphoma, a me ka makahiki o ke kanaka a me ke kūlana maʻamau. I kēia ala, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka lymphoma e nā koho aʻe:

1. ʻO Chemotherapy

ʻO Chemotherapy kahi lapaʻau e pili ana i ka lawelawe ʻana o nā lāʻau i loko o ke aa, ma o kahi catheter, e hoʻopau ai i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai e kumu ai ka lymphoma. ʻO nā lāʻau chemotherapy i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e mālama i ka lymphoma ʻo doxorubicin, bleomycin, dacarbazine a me vinblastine a hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka lā like, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi protocol treatment, ke koho a ke kauka e ke kauka e pili ana i ka ʻano o ka lymphoma i ʻike ʻia.

Hana ʻia nā kuʻina Chemotherapy i kēlā me kēia 3 a i ʻole 4 mau pule, no ka mea, he ikaika nā hopena o kēia mau lāʻau, e like me ka nalo ʻana o ka lauoho, ka palaho a me ka luaʻi, ka makemake maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pale, he lōʻihi ka manawa no ke kino e ola ai. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka lymphoma, e hoʻoholo ke kauka i nā manawa e pono ai e hana hou i nā lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ehia mau pōʻaiapuni o ka chemotherapy e hana ai.

2. Radiotherapy

ʻO Radiotherapy kahi lāʻau e hoʻohana ai e luku i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai ma o ka radiation i hoʻoili ʻia e kahi mīkini i ka lymph node i hoʻopili ʻia e ka lymphoma, kahi e kau ai nā māka ma ka ʻili i lawelawe ʻia ai kēia radiation i ka wahi like i kēlā me kēia manawa.

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka radiotherapy, hana ka radiotherapist, me ke kōkua o nā hōʻike kiʻi, i kahi hoʻolālā o ka wahi o ke kino kahi e waiho ai ka lymphoma a hōʻike i ka lāʻau pāhawewe, ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o nā kau.

ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka radiotherapy me nā ʻano hana e hoʻomāhuahua ai i nā manawa o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā hunaola e kumu ai ka lymphoma, a he mea ia e hopena ai i nā hopena ʻē aʻe e like me ka nalo o ka makemake ʻole, ka maʻi, ka wela o ka wahi i noi ʻia. E ʻike i ka mea e ʻai ai e hōʻoluʻolu ai i nā hopena o ka radiation radiation.

3. Immunotherapy

Hiki ke mālama ʻia kekahi ʻano o ka lymphoma me nā lāʻau immunotherapeutic, ʻo ia nā lāʻau e kōkua i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale kaua i nā hunaola lymphoma, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hopena ma mua o ka chemotherapy.

Hoʻohana pū ʻia kēia mau lāʻau me nā hana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, e hoʻonui ana i nā manawa o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka lymphoma. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau immunotherapy i mea e mālama ai i ka lymphoma i ka rituximab, bortezomib a me ka lenalidomide.

4. Ka hoʻoneʻe iwi ʻana o ka iwi

ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka iwi iwi kahi lapaʻau e pili ana i ka luku ʻana i nā keena lymphoma maʻi a hoʻololi iā lākou me nā hunaola koʻokoʻo olakino. Ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hunaola olakino maikaʻi, koi ʻia ka chemotherapy kiʻekiʻe e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ke kino. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā kumu ʻōiwi a pehea e hiki ai iā lākou ke kōkua.

Aia he ʻelua ʻano o ka hoʻoneʻe iwi iwi i autologous, ke loaʻa nā hunaola koʻokoʻo mai ke kanaka ponoʻī, a me ka allogeneic, ʻo ia ka manawa e loaʻa ai nā hunaola kūpuna mai kahi kanaka ʻē aʻe. I mea e loaʻa ai ka momona o ka iwi mai kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe, pono ia e kūlike, no laila ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana, hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko, ma ke kanaka i loaʻa ka lymphoma a me ke kanaka e hāʻawi i ka iwi iwi.

5. ʻO Gene therapy

I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ʻia kahi lapaʻau hou no ka lymphoma i kapa ʻia ʻo CAR-T-cell, ʻo ia ka wā e hemo ai nā pūnaewele pale o ke kino a hana hou ʻia me kahi ʻano kikoʻī a laila hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau hunaola i loko o ke kino e kōkua ana e hoʻonui i ka palekana a me ka hakakā ʻana i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke aʻo ʻia nei kēia ʻano lapaʻau a loaʻa ʻole ma nā haukapila āpau. E ʻike i ka ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau me ka ʻenehana CAR-T-cell.

6. ʻoki kino

I kekahi mau hihia, ke hoʻonui ka nui o nā lymph nodes i ka nui, ma muli o ka lymphoma, hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka spleen a no laila e ʻōlelo paha ke kauka i ke ʻoki e hemo i kēia meaola. Ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau, pono i kekahi manawa e hana i kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi e wehe i kahi lymph node, i mea e hana ai kahi biopsy e kālailai ai i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hiki ke hoola ʻia ka lymphoma?

Hoʻololi nā hopena o nā mālama e like me ke ʻano a me ke kekelē o ka lymphoma, akā i ka hapanui o nā hihia hiki ke mālama ʻia inā mālama ʻia e like me nā ʻōlelo olakino. Eia hou, ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi a mālama wawe ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa o ka hoʻōla.

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā lapaʻau hou, ka noiʻi hou a me ke kākoʻo kākoʻo ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ke kanaka ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana a no laila ʻoi aku nā hopena maikaʻi a, no laila, e hoʻonui ʻia ka maikaʻi o ke ola.