Leukemia

Anter

• Nā kumu pilikia no ka leukemia
• Nā ʻano o ka leukemia
• Huʻi myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• ʻIke leukemia lymphocytic (ALL)
• Leukemia myelogenous mau (CML)
• Leukemia lymphocytic mau (CLL)
• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka leukemia?
• Nānā i ka leukemia
• Nā hoʻāʻo
• Ke hoʻokū nei
• Loiloi i ka holomua
• Ka mālama ʻana i ka leukemia
• Nānā wā lōʻihi

He aha ka leukemia?

ʻO Leukemia kahi maʻi ʻaʻai o nā huna koko. Aia kekahi mau ākea ākea o nā hunaola koko, e like me nā hunaola ʻulaʻula (RBC), nā hunaola keʻokeʻo (WBC), a me nā platelet. ʻO ka maʻamau, pili ka leukemia i nā maʻi ʻaʻai o nā WBC.

ʻO nā WBC kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kāu ʻōnaehana pale. Pale lākou i kou kino mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā bacteria, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a me nā fungi, a mai nā keena ʻē aʻe a me nā mea haole ʻē aʻe. I ka leukemia, hana ʻole nā ​​WBC e like me nā WBC maʻamau. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale a wikiwiki a hōʻiliʻili i nā pūnaewele maʻamau.

Hana ʻia ka WBC i loko o ka iwi iwi, akā hana ʻia kekahi ʻano WBC i nā lymph node, spleen, a me thymus gland. I ka manawa e hana ai, holo ka WBC i loko o kou kino i kou koko a me kou lymph (kahe e holo i loko o ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic), e noʻonoʻo ana i nā lymph node a me ka spleen.

Nā kumu pilikia no ka leukemia

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā kumu o ka leukemia. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea i hoʻonui i kou makaʻu. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka leukemia
• ka puhihi, kahi e hoʻonui ai i kou makaʻu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka leukemia myeloid nui (AML)
• nā maʻi kūlohelohe e like me Down syndrome
• nā maʻi o ke koko, e like me myelodysplastic syndrome, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa ʻo "preleukemia"
• ka mālama mua ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai me chemotherapy a i ʻole radiation
• ke kū i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pāhawewe
• ke kū ʻana i nā kemika e like me benzene

Nā ʻano o ka leukemia

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka leukemia hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu (hoʻomaka koke) a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻamau (hoʻomaka lohi). I ka leukemia koʻikoʻi, hoʻonui koke nā hunaola maʻi ʻino. I ka leukemia maʻi mau, e lohi a lohi ai ka maʻi a akahai paha nā ʻōuli mua.

Hoʻokaʻawale pū ʻia ʻo Leukemia e like me ke ʻano o ka cell. ʻO ka leukemia e pili ana i nā hunaola myeloid i kapa ʻia ʻo leukemia myelogenous. ʻO nā hunaola myeloid he mau puʻuwai koko makua ʻole e lilo i granulosit a i ʻole nā ​​monositita. ʻO Leukemia e pili ana i nā lymphocytes i kapa ʻia he leukemia lymphocytic. ʻEhā ʻano nui o ka leukemia:

Huʻi myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Hiki ke hana i ka leukemia myelogenous maha (AML) i nā keiki a me nā mākua. Wahi a ka Surveillance, Epidemiology, a me ka hopena hopena hopena o ka National Cancer Institute (NCI), ma kahi o 21,000 mau hihia hou o ka AML i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i United States. ʻO kēia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka leukemia. ʻO ka helu ola ʻelima mau makahiki no AML he 26.9 pakeneka.

ʻIke leukemia lymphocytic (ALL)

Loaʻa ka leukemia lymphocytic huikau (ALL) i nā keiki. Kuhi ʻia nā NCI ma kahi o 6,000 mau hihia hou o KULA e ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka helu ola ʻelima mau makahiki no ALL he 68.2 pakeneka.

Leukemia myelogenous mau (CML)

ʻO ka leukemia myelogenous maʻi (CML) ka mea pili i ka nui o nā mākua. Ma kahi o 9,000 mau hihia hou o CML i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e like me ka NCI. ʻO ka helu ola ʻelima mau makahiki no CML he 66.9 pakeneka.

Leukemia lymphocytic mau (CLL)

ʻO ka leukemia lymphocytic maʻi mau (CLL) ka mea e loli i ka poʻe ma mua o 55 mau makahiki. ʻIke pinepine ʻole ʻia i nā keiki. Wahi a ka NCI, ma kahi o 20,000 mau hihia hou o CLL e ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka helu ola ʻelima mau makahiki no CLL he 83.2 pakeneka.

ʻO ka leukemia pūnana huluhulu kahi subtype liʻiliʻi loa o CLL. Loaʻa kona inoa mai ke ʻano o nā lymphocytes maʻi ʻaʻai ma lalo o kahi microscope.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka leukemia?

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka leukemia me:

• nui ka sweating, keu hoʻi i ka pō (kapa ʻia ʻo "sweats i ka pō")
• ka luhi a me ka nāwaliwali e hele ʻole me ka hoʻomaha
• lilo kaumaha kaumaha ʻole
• ʻeha iwi a palupalu
• ʻeha ʻole, pehu nā lymph node (ʻoi aku i ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻāpana lima)
• ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke ake a i ʻole ka palu
• ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili, i kapa ʻia ʻo petechiae
• kahe wale a kahe wale
• ke kunu a i ʻole ke anuanu
• nā maʻi pinepine

Hiki i ka leukemia ke hana i nā ʻōuli i loko o nā ʻokena i komo a hoʻopili ʻia e nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ke kikowaena ʻōnaehana, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i ke poʻo, kahoʻi a me ka luaʻi, ka huikau, ka nalowale ʻana o ka kaohi o nā mākala, a me ka hopu ʻana.

Hiki pū ke leukemia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o kou kino, e like me:

• nā ake māmā
• ʻōpū gastrointestinal
• Puʻuwai
• nā puʻupaʻa
• nā mea hōʻikeʻike

Nānā i ka leukemia

E kānalua ʻia ʻo Leukemia inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau mea weliweli a i ʻole pili i nā hōʻailona. E hoʻomaka kāu kauka me kahi mōʻaukala piha a me ka hoʻokolokolo kino, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike piha ʻia ka leukemia e kahi hōʻike kino. Ma kahi o, e hoʻohana nā kauka i nā hoʻokolohua koko, biopsies, a me nā hōʻike kiʻi e hana ai i kahi hōʻailona.

Nā hoʻāʻo

Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike pono i ka leukemia. Hoʻoholo kahi helu piha i ke koko i nā helu o RBC, WBC, a me nā platelet i loko o ke koko. Ke nānā nei i kou koko ma lalo o kahi microscope hiki ke hoʻoholo inā loaʻa nā helehelena o nā hunaola.

Lawe ʻia nā biopsies iʻa mai ka iwi o ka iwi a i ʻole nā ​​lymph node e nānā i nā hōʻike o ka leukemia. Hiki i kēia mau laʻana liʻiliʻi ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka leukemia a me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana. Hiki i nā biopsies o nā meaola ʻē aʻe e like me ke akepaʻa a me ka spleen ke hōʻike inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻa.

Ke hoʻokū nei

Ke kuhi ʻia ka leukemia, e hoʻokumu ʻia ia. Kōkua ke kau i kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i kāu kuana.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo AML a me ALL ma muli o ka nānā ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi ʻino ma lalo o ka microscope a me ke ʻano o ka pūnaewele i pili. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea āpau a me CLL ma ka helu WBC i ka manawa o ke kuhi. ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā hunaola keʻokeʻo makua ʻole, a i ʻole myeloblasts, i ke koko a me ka iwi o ka iwi e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokumu i ka AML a me CML.

Loiloi i ka holomua

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e loiloi i ka holomua o ka maʻi.

• Nānā ka cytometry kahe i ka DNA o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻoholo i kā lākou helu ulu.
• Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua hana ate inā pili nā leukemia a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i ke ake.
• Hana ʻia ka lumbar puncture e ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi nila kele ma waena o ka vertebrae o kou kua i lalo. ʻAe kēia i kāu kauka e hōʻiliʻili i ka wai o ka iwi a hoʻoholo inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ke kikowaena pūnaewele.
• ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻana, e like me X-ray, ultrasounds, a me CT scans, kōkua i nā kauka e nānā no ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e leukemia.

Ka mālama ʻana i ka leukemia

Lapaʻau pinepine ʻia ka leukemia e ka hematologist-oncologist. ʻO kēia nā kauka i loea i ka maʻi koko a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Pili ka lāʻau i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ke ulu lohi nei kekahi ʻano o ka leukemia a ʻaʻole pono ka lapaʻau koke. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka mālama ʻana no ka leukemia i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻohana ʻo Chemotherapy i nā lāʻau e hoʻomake i nā huna leukemia. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka leukemia, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i hoʻokahi lāʻau a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa.
• Hoʻohana ka radiation radiation i ka radiation ikaika kiʻekiʻe e hōʻino ai i nā huna leukemia a kāohi i ko lākou ulu. Hiki ke hoʻopili i ka uila i kahi kikoʻī a i ʻole i kou kino holoʻokoʻa.
• Hoʻololi ke kuʻina o ke koʻokoʻo i ka momona o ka iwi maʻi me ka momona o ka iwi olakino, ʻo kāu ponoʻī paha (i kapa ʻia ʻo ke autologous transplantation) a i ʻole mai kahi mea hāʻawi (i kapa ʻia he transplantation allologous). Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he transplant o ka iwi iwi.
• Hoʻohana ka biological a i ʻole immune therapy i nā mālama e kōkua i kāu ʻōnaehana pale maʻi e ʻike a hoʻouka i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Hoʻohana ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i nā lāʻau e hoʻohana pono ai i nā nāwaliwali i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo imatinib (Gleevec) kahi lāʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e kūʻē iā CML.

Nānā wā lōʻihi

ʻO ka nānā wā lōʻihi no ka poʻe i loaʻa ka maʻi leukemia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loaʻa iā lākou a me kā lākou pae ma ke kuhi. ʻIke ʻia ka leukemia wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻihoʻi. ʻO kekahi mau mea, e like me ka makahiki kahiko, ka mōʻaukala o nā maʻi koko, a me nā hoʻololi ʻana o chromosome, hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i ka nānā.

Wahi a ka NCI, ke heleleʻi nei ka nui o nā make leukemia ma ka awelika 1 pākēneka i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai 2005 a 2014. Mai 2007 a 2013, ʻo ka helu ola ʻelima mau makahiki (a i ʻole ka pākēneka e ola ana ma mua o ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona) he 60.6 pākēneka .

Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kēia helu me nā poʻe o nā makahiki āpau a me nā ʻano leukemia āpau. ʻAʻole wānana i ka hopena no kekahi kanaka. Hana pū me kāu hui olakino e mālama i ka leukemia. E hoʻomanaʻo he ʻokoʻa ke kūlana o kēlā me kēia kanaka.