Pehea ka maikaʻi o ke kano COVID-19?

Anter

• Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19?
• Pehea ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19?
• He aha ka manaʻo o kēia iā ʻoe?
• Nānā no

Ua ʻae ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i ʻelua mau kano COVID-19 ma US no ka hoʻohana ʻana e ka lehulehu. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā moho maʻi mai Pfizer a me Moderna i nā hopena hoʻohiki i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau nui, a ʻo nā ʻōnaehana olakino a puni ka ʻāina ke hoʻolaha nei i kēia mau kano i ka lehulehu.

He nūhou hoihoi loa ia - ʻoi aku ka nui ma hope o ka huki ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki o #pandemiclife - akā he mea maʻamau wale nō ka loaʻa ʻana o nā nīnau e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kano COVID-19 a he aha ke ʻano o kēia no ʻoe.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19?

ʻElua mau lāʻau lapaʻau nui e ʻike ʻia i ka US i kēia manawa: Hana ʻia kekahi e Pfizer, a ʻo kekahi e Moderna. Ke hoʻohana nei nā hui ʻelua i kahi ʻano kano hou i kapa ʻia ʻo messenger RNA (mRNA).

Ke hana nei kēia mau lāʻau mRNA ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka protein spike i loaʻa ma luna o ka SARS-CoV-2, ʻo ia ka maʻi hoʻomaʻamaʻa e pili ana iā COVID-19, e like me nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevent. Ma kahi o ka waiho ʻana i kahi maʻi maʻi ʻole i loko o kou kino (e like me ka hana ʻana me ka maʻi maʻi flu), hoʻohana nā lāʻau lapaʻau mRNA i nā ʻāpana o kēlā protein i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai SARs-CoV-2 e hoʻolalelale i ka pane pale mai kou kino a hoʻomohala i nā antibodies, wehewehe ʻo Amesh A ka loea maʻi maʻi. . Adalja, MD, he haumana kiʻekiʻe ma ka Johns Hopkins Center no ka palekana olakino.

Hoʻopau hope kou kino i ka protein a me ka mRNA, akā mau ka mana o nā antibodies. Ua hōʻike ka CDC e pono ana nā ʻikepili hou aʻe e hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā antibodies i kūkulu ʻia mai kēlā me kēia kano. (Pili: He aha ke ʻano o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka Coronavirus Antibody?)

ʻO kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau e iho mai ana i ka paipu mai Johnson a Johnson. Ua hoʻolaha aku nei ka ʻoihana i kāna noi i ka FDA no ka ʻae ʻana i ka ulia pōpilikia o kāna lāʻau lapaʻau COVID, e hana ʻokoʻa iki ana ma mua o nā lāʻau i hana ʻia e Pfizer a me Moderna. I hoʻokahi mea, ʻaʻole ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mRNA. Akā, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 he lāʻau lapaʻau adenovector, ʻo ia hoʻi e hoʻohana ana i kahi virus i hana ʻole ʻia (adenovirus, a ʻo ia ke kumu o ke anuanu maʻamau) ma ke ʻano he lawe e lawe i nā protein (i kēia hihia, ʻo ka spike protein ma luna o ka SARS. -CoV-2) hiki i kou kino ke ʻike he mea hoʻoweliweli a hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē. (ʻOi aku ma aneʻi: ʻO nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka maʻi COVID-19 a Johnson & Johnson)

Pehea ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19?

Ua haʻi ʻo Pfizer i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Nowemapa ʻo kāna kano he "ʻoi aku ma mua o 90 pakeneka pono" i ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai ka maʻi COVID-19. Ua hōʻike pū ʻo Moderna i kāna kano he 94.5 pākēneka kūpono i ka pale ʻana i ka poʻe mai COVID-19.

No ka pōʻaiapili, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi lāʻau mRNA i ʻae ʻia e ka FDA ma mua. "ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau mRNA i laikini ʻia i kēia lā no ka mea he ʻenehana kano hou kēia," wahi a Jill Weatherhead, M.D., ke kaukaʻi kōkua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā maʻi infectious ma Baylor College of Medicine. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻohe ʻikepili i loaʻa, ma ka efficacy a i ʻole, hoʻohui ʻo Dr. Weatherhead.

ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, ʻo kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻenehana ma hope o lākou "ua hoʻāʻo ikaika ʻia," ʻo Sarah Kreps, Ph.D., he kumu aʻoaʻo ma ke keʻena o ke aupuni a he kumu aʻoaʻo o ke kānāwai ma Cornell University, nāna i hoʻopuka i kahi pepa ʻepekema ma ka ʻO nā mea e hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka makemake o nā pākeke US e kiʻi i ka kano COVID-19, haʻi Kinohi.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hōʻike ka CDC ua hoʻopaʻa nā kānaka noiʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mRNA no "mau makahiki" i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua pae mua no ka maʻi flu, Zika, rabies, a me cytomegalovirus (kahi ʻano herpesvirus). ʻAʻole i hala kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau i nā pae mua no nā kumu he nui, me ka "hopena inflammatory i manaʻo ʻole ʻia" a me nā "pane immune haʻahaʻa," e like me ka CDC. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā holomua ʻenehana hou "i hōʻemi i kēia mau pilikia a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou kūpaʻa, palekana, a me ka pono," no laila ke ala ʻana no nā lāʻau COVID-19, e like me ka ʻākena. (Pili: Hiki i ka Flu Shot ke pale iā ʻoe mai Coronavirus?)

No ka maʻi adenovector a Johnson & Johnson, ua ʻōlelo ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kāna hoʻokolohua lapaʻau nui ma kahi o 44,000 poʻe i ʻike ʻia, ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻo kāna kano COVID-19 he 85 pakeneka ka maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka COVID-19 koʻikoʻi, me ka "piha. pale aku i ka halemai pili i ka COVID a me ka make" 28 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

ʻAʻole like me nā lāʻau mRNA, nā lāʻau āpau adenovector e like me Johnson & Johnson. ʻO kā vaccine ʻo Oxford a me AstraZeneca's COVID-19 - i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka EU a me ke UK i Ianuali (ke kali nei ka FDA i ka ʻikepili mai ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua a AstraZeneca ma mua o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻae ʻia e U.S., kaNu Ioka Manawa hōʻike) - hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana adenovirus like. Ua hoʻohana pū ʻo Johnson & Johnson i kēia ʻenehana e hana i kāna lāʻau lapaʻau Ebola, i hōʻike ʻia he palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi i ka hana ʻana i kahi pane pale i loko o ke kino.

He aha ka manaʻo o kēia iā ʻoe?

Ke ʻōlelo nei he 90 pākēneka (a ʻoi paha) o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa. Akā ʻo kēia ke ʻano o nā kano pale aku COVID-19 a i ʻole pale aku mai ka maʻi koʻikoʻi inā loaʻa ka maʻi - a i ʻole ʻelua? Ua huikau iki.

"Ua hoʻolālā maoli ʻia nā hoʻokolohua [Moderna's a me Pfizer] e hōʻike i ka maikaʻi e kūʻē i ka maʻi hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻo kēlā me kēia mau hōʻailona," wahi a Thomas Russo, M.D., ke kaukaʻi a me ke poʻo o ka maʻi infectious ma ke Kulanui ma Buffalo ma New York. ʻO ke kumu, ke hōʻike nei nā pākēneka kiʻekiʻe o ka pono e hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​ʻōuli o COVID-19 ma hope o kou hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha ʻana (pono nā lāʻau ʻelua a Pfizer's a me Moderna i ʻelua mau doma - ʻekolu pule ma waena o nā pana no Pfizer, ʻehā mau pule ma waena o nā pana no Moderna) , wehewehe a Kauka Russo. A, inā ʻo ʻoe hana Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia i kahi maʻi COVID-19 ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia. (E pili ana: Hiki i ka Coronavirus ke hana i ka maʻi maʻi?)

ʻOiai ke ʻike ʻia nei he "maikaʻi loa" nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai COVID-19, "ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou e noʻonoʻo inā pale lākou i ka laha asymptomatic," wahi a Kauka Adalja. ʻO ke ʻano, ke hōʻike nei ka ʻikepili i kēia manawa hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻemi nui i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o COVID-19 (a i ʻole, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi) inā ʻoe e hoʻopili me ka maʻi. Akā ʻaʻole hōʻike ka noiʻi i kēia manawa inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻaelike ʻo COVID-19, ʻaʻole maopopo iā ʻoe he maʻi ʻino kāu, a hoʻoili iā ia i kekahi poʻe ma hope o ka lāʻau ʻana.

Me ka noʻonoʻo, "ʻaʻole maopopo i kēia manawa" inā e hoʻōki ka kano i ka poʻe mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, wahi a Lewis Nelson, MD, ke kaukaʻi a me ka noho o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma Rutgers New Jersey Medical School a me ke poʻo o ka lawelawe ma ka keʻena pilikia. Halemai Kula Nui.

Ke laina lalo: "Hiki i kēia kano ka hopena i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻi āpau, a i ʻole e pale iā mākou mai ka maʻi hōʻailona? ʻAʻole mākou ʻike," wahi a Kauka Russo.

Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka nui o nā keiki, ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā wahine hāpai a hānai paha, e paʻakikī ana i nā kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i kahi kano COVID-19 i kēlā mau heluna i kēia manawa. Akā ke loli nei kēia, ʻo "Pfizer a me Moderna ke kākau inoa nei i nā keiki he 12 a ʻoi paha makahiki," wahi a Dr. Weatherhead. ʻOiai "ʻike ʻole ʻia ka ʻikepili efficacy i nā keiki," "ʻaʻohe kumu e noʻonoʻo ai [ka hopena] e ʻokoʻa loa ia ma mua o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia [nā noiʻi] i kēia manawa," wahi a Dr. Nelson.

Ma ka hapanui, koi ka poʻe loea i ka poʻe e hoʻomanawanui a e hana i ka lāʻau āpau ke hiki iā lākou. "E lilo ana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻāpana o ka hopena i ka maʻi ahulau," wahi a Kauka Adalja. "Akā, e liʻiliʻi ka manawa no lākou e holo a ʻike i nā pono āpau a lākou e hāʻawi ai."

Pololei ka ʻike ma kēia moʻolelo e like me ka manawa paʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hou e pili ana i ka coronavirus COVID-19, ua loli paha kekahi mau ʻike a me nā manaʻo i kēia moʻolelo mai ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana. Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā pinepine me nā kumuwaiwai e like me ka CDC, ka WHO, a me kāu keʻena olakino kūloko kūloko no ka ʻikepili a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hou loa.

Nānā no