Pākuʻi Gram

Anter

• He aha ka stain Gram?
• No ke aha ia e hoʻohana ai?
• No ke aha wau e pono ai i kahi stain Gram?
• He aha ka hana i ka wā o ka stain Gram?
• Pono wau e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻāʻo?
• Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻāʻo?
• He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena?
• Aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e pono iaʻu e ʻike e pili ana i kahi stain Gram?
• Nā kūmole

He aha ka stain Gram?

ʻO kahi Gram stain kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā ana i nā koʻohune ma kahi o kahi maʻi i manaʻo ʻia a i ʻole i kekahi wai o ke kino, e like me ke koko a me ka mimi. Hoʻopili kēia mau pūnaewele i ka ʻāʻī, nā mumū, a me nā genital, a i nā ʻeha o ka ʻili.

Aia ʻelua papa nui o nā maʻi bacteria: Gram-positive a me Gram-maikaʻi. Kuhi ʻia nā mahele ma muli o ka hopena o ka bacteria i ka poke Gram. ʻO ka stain Gram he poni kala. Ke hui pū ka stain me ka bacteria i kahi hāpana, e noho ka bacteria i ka poni a i ʻole e ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Inā noho poni ka bacteria, he Gram-maikaʻi lākou. Inā ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula hoʻi ka bacteria, he Gram-maikaʻi ʻole lākou. Hoʻokumu nā ʻāpana ʻelua i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.

• ʻO nā maʻi maʻi Gram-maikaʻi me nā methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), nā maʻi strep, a me nā haʻalulu ʻino.
• ʻO nā maʻi Gram-maikaʻi ʻole me salmonella, pneumonia, urinary tract maʻi, a me gonorrhea.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi stain Gram e ʻike pono i nā maʻi fungal.

Nā inoa ʻē aʻe: stain o Gram

No ke aha ia e hoʻohana ai?

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi stain Gram e ʻike inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻa. Inā ʻoe e hana, e hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike inā Gram-positive a i ʻole Gram-maikaʻi ʻole kāu maʻi.

No ke aha wau e pono ai i kahi stain Gram?

Pono ʻoe i kēia hōʻoia inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o kahi maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka ʻeha, ke kuni, a me ka māluhiluhi nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi bacterial he nui. E pili ana nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe a ma kahi o ke kino e waiho ai.

He aha ka hana i ka wā o ka stain Gram?

Pono kāu mea mālama ola e lawe i kahi laʻana mai ka pūnaewele o kahi maʻi i manaʻo ʻia a i ʻole mai kekahi mau wai o ke kino, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o nā hoʻāʻo stain Gram i helu ʻia ma lalo.

ʻĀpana hōʻeha:

• E hoʻohana kahi mea hoʻolako i kahi swab kūikawā e hōʻiliʻili i kahi laʻana mai ka pūnaewele o kāu ʻeha.

Hōʻike koko:

• E lawe kahi mea hāʻawi i kahi hāpana o ke koko mai kahi aa i kou lima.

Hōʻike mimi:

• E hāʻawi ʻoe i kahi laʻana o ka mimi i loko o ke kīʻaha, e like me ke kauoha a kāu mea mālama ola.

ʻO ka moʻomeheu kolo:

• E hoʻokomo kāu mea mālama ola i kahi swab kūikawā i loko o kou waha e lawe i kahi laʻana mai ke kua o ka ʻāʻī a me nā tonsil.

Moʻomeheu Sputum. ʻO ka sputum kahi mucus mānoanoa i ʻūhū ʻia mai nā ake māmā. ʻOkoʻa ia mai kuha a i kuha paha.

• E noi aku kāu mea mālama ola iā ʻoe e hu i ka sputum i loko o kahi kīʻaha kūikawā, a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia kahi swab kūikawā e lawe i kahi laʻana mai kou ihu.

Pono wau e hana i kekahi mea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻāʻo?

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no kahi stain Gram.

Aia kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻāʻo?

ʻAʻohe hopohopo i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi swab, sputum, a i ʻole hoʻāʻo mimi.

ʻAʻohe liʻiliʻi loa i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke koko. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka ʻeha a ʻeha paha ma kahi o ka nila i hoʻokomo ʻia ai, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻōuli e hele wikiwiki aku.

He aha ke ʻano o nā hopena?

E kau ʻia kāu laʻana ma kahi pāheʻe a mālama ʻia me ka stain Gram. E nānā kahi loea loea i ka paheʻe ma lalo o kahi microscope. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi bacteria, ʻo ka manaʻo ʻaʻole paha ia i loaʻa i kahi maʻi bacteria a i ʻole ʻaʻole lawa nā bacteria i ka hāpana.

Inā loaʻa ka bacteria, e loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano e hāʻawi i ka ʻike nui e pili ana i kāu maʻi.

• Inā ʻulaʻula ka maʻi bacteria, ʻo ia paha he maʻi Gram-maikaʻi kāu.
• Inā ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ka bacteria, manaʻo ia he maʻi Gram-maikaʻi ʻole kāu.

E hoʻopili pū kāu mau hopena i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kinona o ka bacteria i kāu hāpana. ʻO ka hapanui o nā koʻohune a puni paha (ʻike ʻia ʻo cocci) a i ʻole koʻokoʻo (ʻike ʻia ʻo bacilli). Hiki i ke kinona ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i kāu mau hopena ke ʻike i ke ʻano pololei o nā koʻohune i kāu hāpana, hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i kāu mea lawelawe e hoʻokokoke loa i ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu o kou maʻi a pehea ke kūpono e mālama ai. Pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku, e like me ka moʻomeheu bacteria, e hōʻoia i ke ʻano o nā koʻohune.

Hōʻike paha nā hopena poke Gram inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi maʻi fungal. Hiki i nā hopena ke hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka maʻi fungal i loaʻa iā ʻoe: ka hū a me ka puna. Akā pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku e ʻike i kahi maʻi fungal kikoʻī āu.

Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i kāu hopena, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka olakino.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, nā pae kuhikuhi, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hopena.

Aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e pono iaʻu e ʻike e pili ana i kahi stain Gram?

Inā ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka maʻi bacteria, e kuhikuhi ʻia paha ʻoe i nā lāʻau antibiotic. He mea nui e lawe i kāu lāʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi, ʻoiai inā he akahai kāu mau hōʻailona. Hiki i kēia ke pale i kāu maʻi mai ka hele a maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.

Nā kūmole

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ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻike ma kēia pūnaewele i pani no ka mālama olakino ʻoihana a ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo paha. Kāhea aku i ka mea mālama ola inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i kou olakino.