Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hōʻailona Extrapyramidal a me nā lāʻau e hana ai iā lākou

Anter

• He aha nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?
• ʻO Akathisia
• Dystonia huehue
• Pākaʻa
• Neuroleptic malignant maʻi (NMS)
• ʻO Dkinesia lohi
• Nā Subtypes o tardive dyskinesia
• He aha ke kumu o nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?
• Pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?
• Ke laina lalo

ʻO nā hōʻailona Extrapyramidal, i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā maʻi neʻe i hoʻowalewale ʻia e ka lāʻau, wehewehe i nā hopena i hopena ʻia e kekahi antipsychotic a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao:

• neʻe ʻole a i ʻole hiki ke kāohi ʻia
• haʻalulu
• hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākala

Maʻalahi loa paha nā hōʻailona e hoʻololi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā e ka paʻakikī ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana, kamaʻilio me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole mālama i kāu hana maʻamau i ka hana, kula, a home paha.

Kōkua pinepine ka mālama ʻana, akā mau nō naʻe kekahi mau ʻōuli. 'Lelo maʻamau, ʻo ka loaʻa koke o ka lāʻau, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

E heluhelu aʻe e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal, me nā lāʻau e kuhi ai iā lākou a pehea e ʻike ʻia ai a mālama ʻia lākou.

He aha nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?

Hiki i nā ʻōuli ke kū i nā mākua a me nā keiki a ʻē paha he koʻikoʻi.

E hoʻomaka paha nā ʻōuli mua ma hope koke o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi lāʻau. Hōʻike pinepine lākou i kekahi mau hola ma hope o kāu kau mua akā hiki ke hōʻike i kēlā me kēia manawa i loko o nā pule mua.

Pili ka manawa i ka hopena ʻaoʻao kikoʻī. Hiki ke hana i nā ʻōuli lohi ma hope o kou lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau no kekahi manawa.

ʻO Akathisia

Me akathisia, noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka hoʻomaha ʻole a i ʻole ke kau ʻana a me ka makemake mau e neʻe. I nā keiki, hōʻike ʻia paha kēia ma ke ʻano hōʻoluʻolu o ke kino, ka hoʻonāukiuki, ka hopohopo, a me ka huhū nui paha. ʻIke paha ʻoe i ka holo ʻana, hoʻoluliluli ʻana i kou mau wāwae, ke luliluli nei i kou mau wāwae, a ʻānai paha i kou alo ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaha ʻana.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi e hoʻonui ka makaʻu o ka akathisia me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau. Ua pili pū ʻia nā ʻōuli o Akathisia me ka nui o ka makaʻu o kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo tardive dyskinesia.

Ma hea mai nā poʻe e lawe nei i nā antipsychotics e hoʻomohala i ka akathisia.

ʻO kekahi mau lāʻau, e laʻa me nā beta-blockers, hiki ke kōkua i ke kōkua ʻana i nā ʻōuli. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau o ka lāʻau antipsychotic i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi.

Dystonia huehue

ʻO nā hopena Dystonic nā kuʻikahi musona hoʻoikaika ʻole. Kū pinepine pinepine kēia mau neʻe ʻana a hoʻokomo paha i ka spasms o ka maka a i ʻole blinking, poʻo poʻo e wili ana, a me ka ʻāʻī ākea, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Pōkole paha ka neʻe ʻana, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i kou kūlana a paʻakikī hoʻi i kou mau mākala no kekahi manawa. Hoʻopili pinepine lākou i kou poʻo a me kou ʻāʻī, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kou kino.

Hiki i ka Dystonia ke hana i ka ʻehaʻeha o ka ʻehaʻeha a me nā maʻi ʻeha ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻāʻī a i ʻole loaʻa ka pilikia i ka hanu ʻana inā pili ka hopena i nā mākala i kou ʻāʻī.

Hōʻike nā helu helu ma waena o nā poʻe e lawe nei i nā antipsychotics ʻike i ka dystonia nui, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio makua.

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ma waena o 48 mau hola ma hope o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi antipsychotic akā hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine me ka lāʻau. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau o ka lāʻau antipsychotic. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hopena Dystonic me nā antihistamines a me nā lāʻau e mālama ai i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi o Parkinson.

Pākaʻa

Hōʻike ʻo Parkinsonism i nā ʻōuli e like me nā maʻi o Parkinson. ʻO ka hōʻailona maʻamau ka paʻakikī o nā mākala i kou mau lālā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalulu, hoʻonui i ka salivation, ka neʻe lohi, a i ʻole nā ​​loli i kāu kū a hele paha.

Ma waena o nā poʻe e lawe nei i nā antipsychotics e hoʻomohala i nā ʻōuli Parkinsonian. Hoʻomaka mālie lākou, pinepine i loko o kekahi mau lā ma hope o kou hoʻomaka ʻana e lawe i ka antipsychotic. Hiki i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻololi inā ulu kēia hopena ʻaoʻao.

Hoʻololi nā ʻōuli i ke koʻikoʻi, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i ka neʻe a me ka hana. Hiki iā lākou ke hele i kā lākou iho i ka manawa, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia lākou.

Hoʻopili ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kahi antipsychotic ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi o Parkinson hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia e mālama pono ai i nā ʻōuli.

Neuroleptic malignant maʻi (NMS)

Kākaʻikahi kēia hopena, akā koʻikoʻi loa.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā ʻōuli mua he nāʻiʻo paʻa a me ke kuni, a laila ka hiamoe a huikau paha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hopu ʻana, a pilikia paha kāu ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli, pinepine i loko o kekahi mau hola ma hope o kou hoʻomaka ʻana e lawe i ka antipsychotic.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻaʻole ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka poʻe iā NMS. Hiki i kēia ʻano ke alakaʻi i ke koma, ka hōʻino ʻole o ka ʻōpū, a me ka make. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi antipsychotic, akā ua pili pū kekahi i ka kū koke ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā lāʻau.

Hoʻomaopopo ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻōki koke ʻana i ka antipsychotic a me ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino kākoʻo. Me ka mālama olakino wikiwiki, hiki ke loaʻa ke ola piha, ʻoiai he ʻelua mau pule a ʻoi paha ka lōʻihi.

ʻO Dkinesia lohi

ʻO Tardive dyskinesia kahi hōʻailona extrapyramidal hopena hope loa. Hoʻopili ia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka helehelena helehelena a me ka helehelena ʻole, e like me ke ʻano o ke alelo, ke kuʻi ʻana i ka neʻe a me ka lepe ʻana o ka lehelehe, ka pāpālina a me ka namunamu. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā loli i ka hele ʻana, ka neʻe ʻana o nā lālā helehelena, a i ʻole ka hake ʻana.

ʻAʻole ulu ia a hiki i kou lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau no ʻeono mahina a ʻoi paha. E mau paha nā ʻōuli ma ke ʻano o ka lapaʻau. ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ka ʻaoʻao i nā wahine. Hiki i ka makahiki a me ka maʻi kō ke hoʻonui i ka makaʻu, a me nā hōʻailona schizophrenia maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona e hoʻopili i ka hana maʻamau.

Ma waena o ka poʻe e lawe nei i nā antipsychotics hanauna mua, a hiki i ka hopena o kēia hopena.

Hoʻopili ka hana me ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka lāʻau, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lāʻau, a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi lāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO Clozapine, no ka laʻana, hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli diskinesia tardive. Ua hōʻike pū kekahi ka hoʻohihi hohonu ʻana i ka hoʻohiki ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau.

Nā Subtypes o tardive dyskinesia

• Dystonia lohi. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia subtype ma mua o ka dystonia huʻupaʻa a maʻa mau i nā ʻoniwaliwali o ka ʻoni ʻana i ke kino, e like me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ke kino.
• Akathisia paʻa a hoʻomau paha. Kuhi kēia i nā ʻōuli akathisia, e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka wāwae, ka neʻe ʻana o ka lima, a i ʻole ke lulululi ʻana, hoʻokahi mau mahina a ʻoi paha ka lōʻihi ʻoiai ʻoe e lawe nei i ka lāʻau like o ka lāʻau.

Loaʻa i kēia mau mea ʻelua kahi hoʻomaka ma hope a hoʻomau paha ʻoiai ke ʻano lapaʻau, akā ʻano ʻokoʻa ka neʻe ʻana e pili ana i kēia mau ʻōuli.

ʻO nā keiki i hōʻoki ʻole i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau i hiki koke ke haʻalele i nā diskinesias. ʻIke nui ʻia kēia mau neʻe ʻana a me ka neʻe pinepine ʻana i ka ʻōpū, ka ʻāʻī, a me nā lālā.Hele pinepine lākou iā lākou iho i kekahi mau pule, akā ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau a hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻi i ka lāʻau hiki ke hōʻemi i nā ʻōuli.

He aha ke kumu o nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?

ʻO kāu ʻōnaehana extrapyramidal kahi pūnaewele neural i kou lolo e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻokele kaʻa a me ka hoʻohui ʻana. Hoʻopili pū ʻia me nā ganglia basal, kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā hanana nui no ka hana kaʻa. Pono ka ganglia basal i ka dopamine no ka hana kūpono.

Kōkua nā antipsychotics i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻōuli ma ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea loaʻa i ka dopamine i kāu ʻōnaehana waena a me ka pale ʻana i ka dopamine. Pale paha kēia i ka basal ganglia mai ka lawa ʻana o ka dopamine. Hiki ke ulu i nā hōʻailona Extrapyramidal ma ke ʻano he hopena.

Hoʻokumu pinepine nā antipsychotics hanauna mua i nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal. Me nā antipsychotics hanauna ʻelua, kū nā hopena ʻaoʻao i nā helu haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilina o kēia mau lāʻau no nā mea loaʻa nā dopamine a hoʻopaʻa paʻa a ālai i nā mea loaʻa nā serotonin.

ʻO nā antipsychotics hanauna mua e:

• chlorpromazine
• haloperidol
• levomepromazine
• thioridazine
• trifluoperazine
• perphenazine
• flupentixol
• fluphenazine

ʻO nā antipsychotics hanauna ʻelua ka:

• clozapine
• risperidone
• olanzapine
• quetiapine
• paliperidone
• aripiprazole
• ziprasidone

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?

He mea nui e makaʻala i kēia mau hōʻailona inā ʻoe a i ʻole kahi mea aloha e lawe i kahi antipsychotic. ʻO nā hopena o ka lāʻau i kekahi manawa e like me nā ʻōuli o ke ʻano e hoʻohana ʻia nei kahi lāʻau e mālama ai, akā hiki i ke kauka ke kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i nā ʻōuli.

E nīnau paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi lālā o ka ʻohana e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona. Hiki paha iā lākou ke ʻike i nā pilikia e loaʻa nei iā ʻoe me ka neʻe a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wā o ke kipa keʻena.

Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i kahi pālākiō loiloi, e like me ka Scale Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) a i ʻole ka Scale Rating Scrap (ESRS). Hiki i kēia mau unahi ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kāu mau ʻōuli a me ko lākou koʻikoʻi.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal?

Hiki ke paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal. Hiki i nā lāʻau ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻokoʻa, a pili i nā poʻe i ka ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe ala e wānana i ka hopena āu e loaʻa ai.

ʻO ka hana maʻamau wale nō no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻāʻo i nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā ​​kaha haʻahaʻa e ʻike i kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka hoʻomaha loa me nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i kāu mau ʻōuli, kauoha ʻia ʻoe i kekahi ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe me kāu antipsychotic e kōkua e mālama iā lākou.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono a hoʻololi paha i ka mahele lāʻau o kāu lāʻau me ka ʻole o ke alakaʻi a kāu kauka.

Ke hoʻololi nei i kāu lāʻau a i ʻole lāʻau lāʻau hiki ke alakaʻi i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe. E hoʻomaopopo a haʻi i nā hopena i makemake ʻole a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha i kāu kauka.

Inā kuhikuhi ʻia ʻoe i kahi lāʻau haʻahaʻa o ka antipsychotic, e haʻi i kāu kauka a i ʻole therapist inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e loaʻa nā hōʻailona o ka psychosis a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e pono ai kāu lāʻau.

Inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i nā haʻalulu, nā kuhi hewa, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōuli ʻino ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa koke ke kōkua. Hiki i kēia mau ʻōuli ke hoʻonui i kou makaʻu i ka hōʻeha iā ʻoe iho a i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, no laila makemake paha kāu kauka e hoʻāʻo i kahi ʻano lapaʻau ʻokoʻa.

Hiki iā ia ke kōkua e kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻoponopono inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pōpilikia ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Therapy ke hoʻoponopono pololei i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, akā hiki i kāu mea hoʻoponopono ke hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo a me nā ala e kū ai ke hoʻololi nā hōʻailona i kou ola i kēlā me kēia lā a i ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka pilikia.

Ke laina lalo

I kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hōʻailona extrapyramidal ke hoʻopili iā ʻoe i ka nui loa. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ʻeha a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola a hāʻawi i ka huhū a me ke kaumaha.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena ʻaoʻao, hoʻoholo paha ʻoe e haʻalele i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau e hele aku ai, akā hiki ke weliweli kēia. Inā kū ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi hou aʻe. He mea nui e hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau i kauoha ʻia a hiki i kou wā e kamaʻilio ai me kāu kauka.

Inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i nā hopena ʻē aʻe i ka lawe ʻana i kahi antipsychotic, e kamaʻilio koke me kāu kauka. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā lākou ke mau, akā ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi.