Ua wehewehe ʻia ka hopena Dunning-Kruger

Anter

• He aha ka hopena Dunning-Kruger?
• ʻO nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka ʻike
• Nā laʻana o ka hopena Dunning-Kruger
• Hana
• Kālaiʻāina
• Ka latitu
• E pili ana i ka noiʻi
• Nā kumu o ka hopena Dunning-Kruger
• Pehea e ʻike ai ia
• Ke lanakila nei i ka hopena Dunning-Kruger
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka psychologists ʻo David Dunning a me Justin Kruger, ka hopena Dunning-Kruger kahi ʻano bias prognitive e hoʻohalahala i ka poʻe i ko lākou ʻike a i ʻole hiki, ma nā wahi a lākou i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻole ai.

I ka psychology, ka huaʻōlelo "bias ʻike" pili i nā manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole i loaʻa i ka hapanui o mākou, pinepine ʻole me ka ʻike ʻole. ʻO nā manaʻo ʻike like me nā wahi makapō.

E hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hopena Dunning-Kruger, me nā laʻana o kēlā me kēia lā a pehea e ʻike ai i kou ola ponoʻī.

He aha ka hopena Dunning-Kruger?

Hōʻike ka hopena Dunning-Kruger ke ʻike ʻole mākou i kekahi mea, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i ko mākou ʻike ʻole. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou ka mea a mākou e ʻike ʻole ai.

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i aʻo i ka kemika a i ʻole lele i kahi mokulele a kūkulu paha i hale, pehea ʻoe e ʻike pono ai i ka mea āu e ʻike ʻole ai e pili ana i kēlā kumuhana?

Kamaʻāina paha kēia manaʻo, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i lohe i nā inoa ʻo Dunning a ʻo Kruger paha. He ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā ʻōlelo puanaʻī e hiki mai ana ke hōʻike nei ua puni kēia manaʻo:

ʻO nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka ʻike

• "ʻO ka ʻike maoli ka ʻike i ka nui o ka naʻaupō o kekahi." - Confucius
• "ʻO ka naʻaupō pinepine ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ma mua o ka ʻike."
  - Charles Darwin
• "ʻO ka nui o kou aʻo ʻana, ʻo ka nui o kou ʻike ʻaʻole ʻoe ʻike." - Unknown
• "He mea weliweli ke aʻo liʻiliʻi." - Alexander Pope
• "Manaʻo ka naʻaupō ua naʻaupō ia, akā ʻike ka mea naʻauao iā ia iho he naʻaupō."
  - William Shakespeare

Ma ka maʻalahi, pono mākou e loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi i kekahi ʻike o kahi kumuhana e hiki ai ke ʻike pololei i nā mea a mākou e ʻike ʻole ai.

Akā ʻo Dunning lāua ʻo Kruger e lawe i kēia mau manaʻo i kahi ʻanuʻu aʻe, e hōʻike nei i ka liʻiliʻi o ko mākou mākaukau i kahi wahi i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike e hoʻonui i kā mākou mākaukau ponoʻī.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ma aneʻi he "ʻike ʻole." ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia ke hoʻonui nei lākou i ko lākou hiki iho.

Nā laʻana o ka hopena Dunning-Kruger

Hana

Ma ka hana, hiki i ka hopena Dunning-Kruger ke paʻakikī i ka poʻe e ʻike a hoʻoponopono i kā lākou hana pono ʻole.

ʻO ia ke kumu e alakaʻi ai nā luna hana i nā loiloi hana, akā ʻaʻole mākaukau nā limahana a pau i nā loiloi kūkulu kūpono.

Hoʻowalewale ʻia e kiʻi i kahi kumu kala - makemake ʻole ka loiloi iā ʻoe, no ka laʻana - i kū ʻole i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hemahema ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike iā ʻoe.

Kālaiʻāina

ʻO nā mea e kākoʻo ana i nā ʻaoʻao politika kūʻē i nā manaʻo ʻokoʻa loa. Ua noi ʻia kahi noiʻi ma 2013 i nā ʻaoʻao politika e helu i ko lākou ʻike i nā ʻano politika like ʻole. Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ua manaʻo ka poʻe e hōʻike i ka hilinaʻi i kā lākou ʻike kālaiʻāina ponoʻī.

ʻO kā lākou wehewehe ʻana i nā kulekele kikoʻī a me kēia mau manaʻo ma hope ua hōʻike mai i ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou ʻike maoli, a hiki ke wehewehe iki ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao Dunning-Kruger.

Ka latitu

Kūpono loa ʻoe i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kou lā? Hana ka hapa nui o mākou i nā hoʻolālā e hoʻonui i ka huahana, a laila ʻike ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokō i nā mea āpau a mākou i hoʻonohonoho ai e hana.

Ma muli paha o ka hopena Dunning-Kruger ma muli o ka hopena, kahi a mākou e manaʻoʻiʻo nei he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kekahi mau hana a hiki ke hoʻokō wikiwiki iā lākou ma mua o ka hiki maoli iā mākou.

E pili ana i ka noiʻi

Ua paʻi ʻia ka noiʻi mua a Dunning lāua ʻo Kruger ma ka puke pai o ka pilikino a me ka nohona pili kanaka i ka makahiki 1999.

ʻO kā lākou noiʻi e pili ana i ʻehā mau loiloi e loiloi ana i nā mākau maoli a me ka ʻike i hiki i ka hoʻomākeʻaka, ka noʻonoʻo pono, a me ka grammar English.

I ke aʻo ʻana i ka grammar, no ka laʻana, ua noi ʻia nā lālā laikini 84 Cornell e hoʻopiha i kahi hōʻike e loiloi ana i ko lākou ʻike o American Standard Written English (ASWE). Nīnau ʻia lākou e helu i kā lākou mākala ponoʻī a me kā lākou hana hoʻāʻo.

ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa ka helu haʻahaʻa loa ma ka hoʻāʻo (10 pākēneka) i mālama i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka grammar (67th percentile) a me ka helu hōʻoia (61st percentile).

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka poʻe i loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻāʻo ua mālama ʻia hoʻohaʻahaʻa kā lākou hiki a me ka heluʻai hoʻāʻo.

I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi mai ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o kēia aʻo ʻana, he nui nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kope i nā hopena like.

Ua kākau ʻia ka hopena Dunning-Kruger i nā kāʻei mai ka ʻike naʻau a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōlelo ʻelua i ka ʻike waina a me ka neʻe anti-vaccination.

Nā kumu o ka hopena Dunning-Kruger

No ke aha e hoʻonui ai ka poʻe i ko lākou hiki?

Ma kahi mokuna 2011 mai Advances in Social Experimental Psychology, ua noi ʻo Dunning i kahi "ukana palua" i pili me ka loea haʻahaʻa i kekahi kumuhana i hāʻawi ʻia.

Me ka ʻole o ka mākaukau, paʻakikī e hana maikaʻi. A paʻakikī e ʻike ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana maikaʻi inā ʻaʻole ʻoe he loea.

E noʻonoʻo e lawe i kahi koho koho koho he nui ma kahi kumuhana āu e ʻike ai ma kahi o ka mea ʻole. Heluhelu ʻoe i nā nīnau a koho i ka pane e like me ka mea kūpono loa.

Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i kāu mau pane i pololei? Me ka ʻike ʻole e koi ʻia e koho i ka pane pololei, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loiloi i ka pololei o kāu mau pane.

Kāhea nā psychologists i ka hiki ke loiloi i ka ʻike - a me nā hakahaka o ka ʻike - metacognition. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ka poʻe ʻike i ke kāʻei i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hiki ke loaʻa ka metacognitive ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka poʻe ʻike ʻole i kēlā kāʻei.

Pehea e ʻike ai ia

Hana paʻa ʻia ko mākou lolo e nānā i nā lauana a lawe i nā pōkole, e kōkua ai iā mākou e hana koke i ka ʻike a hoʻoholo. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, alakaʻi kēia mau hiʻohiʻona like a me nā pōkole i nā kihi.

ʻAʻohe pilikia o ka hapanui o ka poʻe i ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau ʻano bias - e like me ka hopena Dunning-Kruger - i kā lākou mau hoaaloha, ʻohana ʻohana, a me nā hoapili.

Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hopena Dunning-Kruger e hoʻopili i kēlā me kēia, me ʻoe pū kekahi. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke koi i ka mākaukau i kēlā me kēia kikowaena. He loea paha ʻoe i nā wahi he nui a loaʻa mau nā ʻike ʻike koʻikoʻi i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hopena Dunning-Kruger ʻaʻole ia he hōʻailona o ka ʻike haʻahaʻa. ʻIke pū kekahi poʻe akamai i kēia hanana.

ʻO ka hana mua e ʻike ai i kēia hopena kahi mea āu e hana nei. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana aʻe e pili ana i ka hopena Dunning-Kruger hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e kikoʻī ke hana paha ia i kou ola ponoʻī.

Ke lanakila nei i ka hopena Dunning-Kruger

I kā lākou noi 1999, ua ʻike ʻo Dunning lāua ʻo Kruger ua hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke hoʻomaopopo pono i ko lākou hiki a me kā lākou hana. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i kahi kumuhana kikoʻī ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka mea āu e ʻike ʻole ai.

Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻē aʻe e noi ai ke manaʻo ʻoe ke pāʻani nei ka hopena Dunning-Kruger:

• Hoʻomanawanui i ka hana. Manaʻo ka poʻe i ka hilinaʻi nui ke hoʻoholo koke lākou. Inā makemake ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka hopena Dunning-Kruger, kū a lawe i ka manawa e nānā ai i nā hoʻoholo kope.
• E ʻaʻa i kāu mau koi ponoʻī. He manaʻo paha kāu e lawe wale ai ʻoe? Mai hilinaʻi i kou ʻōpū e haʻi iā ʻoe i ka mea kūpono a hewa paha. Pāʻani i ka luna aʻoaʻo diabolō me ʻoe iho: Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo me kahi paio kūʻē a i ʻole rebuttal i kāu mau manaʻo iho?
• E hoʻololi i kou noʻonoʻo ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻoe i ka loiloi like i kēlā me kēia nīnau a i ʻole pilikia āu e hālāwai ai? Ke hoʻāʻo nei i nā mea hou hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e haki i nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻonui ai i kou hilinaʻi akā e hōʻemi ana i kāu metacognition.
• E aʻo e lawe i nā loiloi. Ma ka hana, e noʻonoʻo pono i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana. Nānā i nā koi ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻae me ke noi ʻana i nā hōʻike a i ʻole nā ​​laʻana pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai.
• Nīnau i nā manaʻo lōʻihi e pili ana iā ʻoe iho. Ua noʻonoʻo mau ʻoe iā ʻoe iho he hoʻolohe nui? A i ʻole maikaʻi ma ka makemakika? Hōʻike ka hopena Dunning-Kruger iā ʻoe e koʻikoʻi i ka nānā ʻana i kāu mea maikaʻi.

E wehe i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hou. ʻO ka hoihoi a hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana ʻo ia paha nā ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻokokoke ai i kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia, kumuhana, a i ʻole manaʻo a pale i nā kipi e like me ka hopena Dunning-Kruger.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

ʻO ka hopena Dunning-Kruger kahi ʻano bias ʻike e hōʻike ana he poʻe loiloi maikaʻi ʻole mākou i nā āpau i kā mākou ʻike ponoʻī.

Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe āpau iā ia i kekahi manawa a i ʻole kekahi. ʻO ka hoihoi, ka hāmama, a me ka hoʻokō holoʻokoʻa i ke aʻo ʻana hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻemi i nā hopena o Dunning-Kruger i kou ola i kēlā me kēia lā.