He aha ke kumu o ka paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana?

Anter

• He aha ke kumu e ale ai i ka paʻakikī?
• Nā ʻano o ka dysphagia
• Oropharyngeal
• ʻElepaʻa
• ʻIke i ka disphagia
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka paʻakikī o ka ale ʻana?
• Barium X-ray
• Hoʻopau
• Manometry
• Lapaʻau ʻana i ka pilikia ale

ʻO ka luʻu ʻana i ka paʻakikī ka hiki ʻole ke ale i nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​wai me ka maʻalahi. ʻO ka poʻe i paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana e ʻānai paha i kā lākou meaʻai a wai paha i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ale. ʻO Dysphagia kahi inoa olakino ʻē aʻe no ka paʻakikī ʻana i ka ale ʻana. ʻAʻole hōʻike pinepine kēia ʻōuli i kahi kūlana olakino. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he manawa pōkole paha kēia kūlana a hele aku ma kāna iho.

He aha ke kumu e ale ai i ka paʻakikī?

Wahi a ka National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorder, aia he 50 mau mākala a me nā aʻalolo i hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua iā ʻoe e ale. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, nui nā mea i hiki ke hewa a alakaʻi i nā pilikia e ale. Aia kekahi mau ʻano i:

• ʻIke reflux a me GERD: Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hōʻailona acid reflux ke kahe ka ʻōpū mai ka ʻōpū a hoʻi i ka esophagus, e hana ana i nā ʻōuli e like me ka puʻuwai, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, a me ke kanu ʻana. E aʻo hou i nā kumu, nā ʻōuli, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka reflux acid a me GERD.
• Puʻuwai: ʻO ka puʻuwai kahi mea wela i loko o kou umauma e hana pinepine ʻia me kahi ʻono ʻawaʻawa i kou puʻu a i ʻole waha. E ʻike pehea e ʻike ai, mālama ai, a pale aku ai i ka ʻeha puʻuwai.
• Epiglottitis: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Epiglottitis e nā mea i hoʻāla ʻia i loko o kāu epiglottis. He kūlana hoʻoweliweli paha ia. E aʻo i ka mea e loaʻa iā ia, no ke aha, a pehea e mālama ai. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he pilikia kino. Koi ʻia paha ka mālama nui.
• Goiter: ʻO kou thyroid kahi gland i loaʻa i kou ʻāʻī ma lalo pono o kāu ʻāpala Adam. ʻO kahi kūlana e hoʻonui i ka nui o kāu thyroid i kapa ʻia he goiter. E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i nā kumu a me nā ʻōuli o ka goiter.
• ʻO Esophagitis: ʻO ka esophagitis ka mumū o ka esophagus i hiki ke kumu ʻia e ka reflux acid a i ʻole kekahi mau lāʻau. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano esophagitis a me kā lākou mālama ʻana.
• Maʻi ʻaʻai Esophageal: Hana ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo Esophageal ke kū kahi tumo malignant (cancerous) i ka uhi o ka esophagus, i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ale ʻana. E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai esophageal, nā kumu, diagnosis, a me ka mālama ʻana.
• ʻŌpū ʻōpū (gastric adenocarcinoma): Hana ʻia ka ʻōpū ʻōpū i ke kū ʻana o nā hunaola maʻi maʻi i ka pale o ka ʻōpū. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī e ʻike, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia a hiki i ka holomua. E aʻo e pili ana i nā ʻōuli, ka hōʻoia, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka wānana ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū.
• Herpes esophagitis: Hoʻokumu ʻia ka herpes esophagitis e ka herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).Hiki i ka maʻi ke hōʻeha i ka ʻeha o ka umauma a me ka paʻakikī e ale. E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka ʻike a mālama ʻia ʻana o ka herpes esophagitis.
• ʻO herpes simplex labialis hou: ʻO ka herpes simplex labialis hou, i ʻike ʻia he herpes waha a orolabial paha, kahi maʻi o ka wahi waha i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi herpes simplex. E heluhelu e pili ana i nā ʻōuli, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka pale ʻana i kēia maʻi.
• Thyroid nodule: ʻO kahi thyroid nodule kahi puʻupuʻu e hiki ke hoʻomohala i kāu kelu thyroid. Hiki ke paʻa a piha paha i ka wai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi nodule hoʻokahi a i kahi hui o nā nodule. E aʻo i ke kumu o nā nodule thyroid a pehea e mālama ʻia ai.
• ʻO ka mononucleosis maʻi: Infectious mononucleosis, a i ʻole mono, pili i kahi hui o nā ʻōuli i hana pinepine ʻia e ka maʻi Epstein-Barr (EBV). E aʻo e pili ana i nā ʻōuli a me nā mālama ʻana no ka mononucleosis infectious.
• Nahu Snake: ʻO ka nahu ʻana mai ka nahesa ʻawaʻawa e mālama mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he ulia pōpilikia. ʻOiai ʻo ka nahu ʻana mai ka nahesa weliweli ʻole hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻai a maʻi paha. E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i ka mea e hana ai i ka hanana o ka nahu nahesa.

Nā ʻano o ka dysphagia

Hoʻopili ʻia ka ale ʻana i nā ʻehā mau hanana: hoʻomākaukau waha, waha, pharyngeal, a me esophageal. Hiki ke wāwahi ʻia i ka paʻakikī e ʻoki i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: oropharyngeal (e hoʻopili ana i nā pae mua ʻekolu) a me ka esophageal.

Oropharyngeal

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Oropharyngeal dysphagia e nā maʻi o nā aʻa a me nā mākala i ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻonawaliwali kēia mau maʻi i nā mākala, paʻakikī i ke kanaka e ale me ka ʻole o ke ʻoka a me ka gagging. ʻO nā kumu o ka orpharyngeal dysphagia nā kūlana e hoʻopili mua i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo e like me:

• sclerosis maha
• Maʻi ʻo Parkinson
• ʻino nā nerve mai ke ʻoki a i ʻole radiation radiation
• maʻi hope polio

Hiki ke kumu ʻia hoʻi ka disphagia Oropharyngeal e ka maʻi ʻaʻai esophageal a me ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī pūī. Hoʻokumu ʻia paha ia e ka ālai i ka puʻu luna, pharynx, a i ʻole nā ​​pou pharyngeal e hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai.

ʻElepaʻa

ʻO ka esphageal dysphagia ka manaʻo i paʻa kekahi mea i kou puʻu. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano e:

• spasms i ka esophagus lalo, e like me nā spasms diffuse a i ʻole hiki ʻole o ka sphincter esophageal e hoʻomaha ai
• paʻa i ka esophagus lalo ma muli o ka hoʻopili liʻiliʻi ʻana o ke apo esophageal
• hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka esophagus mai ka ulu ʻana a i ʻole ka scarring
• Ua moe nā kino haole i ka esophagus a i ʻole ka puʻu
• kahi pehu a ʻikiʻiki paha o ka esophagus mai ka mumū a i ʻole GERD
• ʻili maka i ka esophagus ma muli o ka mumū mau a i ʻole ka lāʻau hoʻomalu hope

ʻIke i ka disphagia

Inā manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi kīnā ʻole kāu, aia kekahi mau ʻōuli e noho pū me ka paʻakikī e ale.

Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• paheʻe
• he leo hauli
• ke manaʻo nei ua waiho ʻia kekahi mea i ka ʻāʻī
• regurgitation
• poho kaumaha i manaʻo ʻole ʻia
• puʻuwai puʻuwai
• ʻeha a ʻehaʻeha paha ke ale ʻana
• ʻeha ke ale ʻana

• pilikia i ka nau ʻana i nā meaʻai paʻa

Hoʻokumu paha kēia mau manaʻo i ke kanaka e hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana, kāpae i ka ʻai, a i ʻole lilo ka ʻai.

ʻO nā keiki paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana ke ʻai:

• hōʻole e ʻai i kekahi mau meaʻai
• he ʻai a i ʻole he kulu wai mai ko lākou waha
• regurgitate i ka wā ʻai
• pilikia i ka hanu ʻana i ka wā e ʻai ana
• lilo kaupaona me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka paʻakikī o ka ale ʻana?

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai. E hana ana kāu kauka i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a nānā i loko o kou lua waha e nānā ai no nā mea kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana.

Pono ʻia nā hoʻokolohua loea hou aku e ʻike i ke kumu pono.

Barium X-ray

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi barium X-ray e nānā i ka loko o ka esophagus no nā mea kūpono ʻole a i ʻole blockages. I ka wā o kēia hoʻokolokolo ʻana, e ale ʻoe i ka wai a i ʻole kahi pila i loaʻa kahi kala e hōʻike ʻia ma kahi kukuna X-ʻōpū. E nānā ke kauka i ke kiʻi X-ray ke moni ʻoe i ka wai a i ʻole ka pila e ʻike ai pehea e holo ai ka esophagus. E kōkua kēia i ka ʻike i nā nāwaliwali a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka loiloi videofluorscopic ale he loiloi radiologic e hoʻohana i kahi ʻano o ka X-ray i kapa ʻia fluoroscopy. Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike e kahi pathologist ʻōlelo-ʻōlelo. Hōʻike ia i nā waha, pharyngeal, a me nā ʻāpana esophageal o ke ale. I ka wā o kēia hoʻokolokolo ʻana, e moni ʻoe i nā ʻano mea like ʻole mai ka purees a i nā mea paʻa a me ka wai lahilahi a manoanoa. E kōkua kēia i ke kauka e ʻike i ke komo ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka wai i loko o ka trachea. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i kēia ʻike e ʻike ai i ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala a me ka hana ʻole.

Hoʻopau

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi endoscopy e nānā i nā wahi āpau o kāu esophagus. I ka wā o kēia hoʻokolokolo ʻana, e hoʻokomo ke kauka i kahi paipu wīwī lahilahi me ka hoʻopili kāmela i lalo i kāu esophagus. ʻAe kēia i ke kauka e ʻike i ka esophagus ma ke kikoʻī.

Manometry

ʻO ka manometry kahi hōʻike hoʻoweliweli hou i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i ka loko o kou puʻu. ʻO ke kikoʻī loa, hōʻoia kēia hōʻoia i ke kaomi o nā mākala i kou ʻāʻī ke moni ʻoe. E hoʻokomo ke kauka i kahi paipu i loko o kāu esophagus e ana i ke kaomi o kou mau mākala ke ʻaelike lākou.

Lapaʻau ʻana i ka pilikia ale

ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia kekahi mau pilikia ale e pono ai a pono ka mālama ʻana ʻo dysphagia. E hana kahi pathologist ʻolelo ʻōlelo i kahi loiloi e ale ana i kāu diagnose. Ke pau ka loiloi, hiki i ka pathologist ʻōlelo ke ʻōlelo:

• hoʻololi i ka papaʻai
• hoʻouluulu oropharyngeal e hoʻoikaika i nā mākala
• ʻōkuhi ʻōpala uku
• nā loli postural āu e ukali ai i ka wā e ʻai ana

Eia nō naʻe, inā mau ka moni ʻana i nā pilikia, hiki iā lākou ke hopena i ka malnutrisi a me ka make wai, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemakule makua. ʻO nā maʻi hanu hou a me ka pneumonia aspiration kekahi. ʻO kēia mau pilikia āpau he koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola a pono e mālama pono ʻia.

Inā hoʻokumu ʻia kāu pilikia e ale ʻia e ka esophagus paʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi hana e kapa ʻia ka esophageal dilation e hoʻonui ai i ka esophagus. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, waiho ʻia kahi pāluna liʻiliʻi i loko o ka esophagus e hoʻonui ai. Lawe ʻia ka baluna.

Inā loaʻa nā ulu ulu ʻole i ka esophagus, pono paha ke ʻoki e wehe iā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kaha me ka wehe ʻana i nāʻiʻo makaʻu.

Inā loaʻa kahi reflux acid a ulcer paha, hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai iā lākou a paipai ʻia e hāhai i kahi papaʻai reflux.

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻae ʻia ʻoe i ka haukapila a hāʻawi ʻia i nā meaʻai ma o kahi paipu hānai. Hele pono kēia ʻōpala kūikawā i loko o ka ʻōpū a kāpae i ka esophagus. Pono e pono i nā papa ʻaina i hoʻololi ʻia a hiki i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka paʻakikī ale. Pale kēia i ka make wai a me ka malnutrisi.