Cytogenetics: he aha ia, pehea e hana ai i ka hoʻokolohua a me nā mea ia

Anter

• No ke aha ia
• Pehea e hana ai

Ke manaʻo nei ka hoʻokolohua cytogenetics e kālailai i nā chromosome a, no laila, e ʻike i nā loli chromosomal e pili ana i nā ʻano maʻi o ke kanaka. Hiki ke hana i kēia hoʻokolohua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana e nānā ai no nā loli genetical i ka pēpē.

ʻAe ʻo Cytogenetics i ke kauka a me ka mea maʻi e loaʻa i kahi nānā o ka genome, e kōkua ana i ke kauka e hana i ka hōʻailona a kuhikuhi pololei i ka lāʻau, inā pono. ʻAʻole koi kēia hōʻike i kahi hoʻomākaukau a ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana e hana ʻia, akā hiki ke hopena ma waena o 3 a 10 mau lā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia e like me ka keʻena hoʻokolohua.

No ke aha ia

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā cytogenetics kanaka e nānā i nā loli chromosomal hiki, i nā keiki a me nā mākua. ʻO kēia no ka mea loiloi ia ka chromosome, kahi ʻano i hana ʻia e DNA a me nā protein i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā pūnaewele i nā pālua, he 23 mau pālua. Mai ka karyogram, i kūlike i ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho chromosome e like me kona ʻano, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hoʻokolohua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā loli i nā chromosome, e like me:

• Hoʻololi helu, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻonui a hoʻemi ʻana paha i ka nui o nā chromosome, e like me ka mea e hana ai ma Down syndrome, kahi e hōʻoia ʻia ai ke alo o ʻekolu chromosome 21, me ka mea nona ka 47 chromosome i ka huina;
• Hoʻololi kūpili, kahi e kū nei, hoʻololi a hoʻopau ʻia paha o kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o kahi chromosome, e like me ka Cri-du-Chat syndrome, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka holoi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka chromosome 5.

No laila, noi ʻia paha e kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i kekahi ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻo ka nui o nā leukemias, a me nā maʻi kūlohelohe i hōʻike ʻia e nā hoʻololi kūlohelohe a i ʻole ka hoʻonui a hoʻemi ʻia paha o nā chromosome, e like me Down syndrome, Patau syndrome a me Cri-du -Chat, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka meow Syndrome a i ʻole ka uwa uwa.

Pehea e hana ai

Hana pinepine ʻia ka hōʻike ma ke kumu o kahi laʻana koko. I ke kumu o ka ninaninau ʻana i nā wahine hāpai nāna ke kumu e loiloi i nā chromosome o ka fetus, ʻohiʻohi wai a i ʻole nā ​​hapa liʻiliʻi o ke koko. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea olaola a hoʻouna iā ia i ka hale hana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hunaola i mea e māhuahua ai lākou a laila hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea kāohi o ka puʻuwai cell, kahi e hana ai i ka chromosome i loko o kona ʻano condense a nānā maikaʻi loa ʻia.

Aia i ke kumu o ka hoʻokolohua, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana mole ʻokoʻa e kiʻi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka karyotype o ke kanaka, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.

• Banding G: he hana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā cytogenetics a komo pū me ka noi o kahi kala, ka wai Giemsa, e ʻae ai i ka ʻike ʻana i nā chromosome. Maikaʻi loa kēia hana e ʻike ai i nā loli helu, ka hapanui, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka chromosome, ʻo ia ka ʻenehana molekola nui i noi ʻia i nā cytogenetics no ka hōʻoia a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o Down Syndrome, e laʻa me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi chromosome keu;
• IKAIKA IKEA: he ʻano kikoʻī a maʻalahi hoʻi ia, e hoʻohana ʻia ana e kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, no ka mea e ʻae ia e ʻike i nā loli liʻiliʻi o nā chromosome a me nā hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, a me ka ʻike pū ʻana i nā loli helu i nā chromosome. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ka hana FISH, no ka mea hoʻohana ia i nā probe DNA i hōʻailona ʻia me ka fluorescence, e koi ana i kahi hāmeʻa e hopu i ka fluorescence a ʻae i ka hiʻohiʻona o chromosome. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku nā hana i hiki ke kiʻi ʻia i ka biology molekiola e ʻae i ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Ma hope o ka noi ʻana o ka wai kala a i ʻole probed i hōʻailona ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā chromosome e like me ka nui, i nā pālua, ʻo ka paʻa hope e pili ana i ke kāne o ke kanaka, a laila hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi karyogram maʻamau, no laila e nānā ana i nā loli hiki.