Mea Kākau: Janice Evans
Lā O Ka Hana: 23 Iulai 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 1 Iulai 2024
Anonim
SSRI Antidepressant Side Effects (& Why They Occur) | Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram
Wikiō: SSRI Antidepressant Side Effects (& Why They Occur) | Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram

Anter

ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o nā keiki, ʻōpio, a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio (a hiki i ka 24 mau makahiki) i lawe i nā antidepressants ('mood lift') e like me citalopram i ka manawa o nā noiʻi maʻi ʻana i lilo i suicidal (e noʻonoʻo ana e pili ana i ka hōʻeha a pepehi paha iā ʻoe iho a i ʻole ke hoʻolālā a hoʻāʻo ʻana paha e hana pēlā ). ʻO nā keiki, ʻōpio, a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e lawe i nā antidepressants e mālama i ke kaumaha a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe e lilo i suicidal ma mua o nā keiki, ʻōpio, a me nā ʻōpio makua ʻole i lawe ʻole i nā antidepressants e mālama i kēia mau ʻano. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe loea e pili ana i ka nui o kēia pilikia a pehea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā paha e lawe kahi keiki a mea ʻōpio paha i kahi antidepressant. ʻAʻole pono nā kamaliʻi ma mua o 18 mau makahiki e lawe i ka citalopram, akā i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoholo ʻo ka citalopram ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i ke ʻano o ke keiki.

Pono ʻoe e ʻike e loli paha kou olakino i nā ala i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ke lawe ʻoe i ka citalopram a i ʻole nā ​​antidepressants ʻē aʻe inā ʻo ʻoe he makua ma mua o 24 mau makahiki. E lilo paha ʻoe i suicidal, keu hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka o kāu lapaʻau a i kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻonui a hoʻemi ʻia paha kāu lāʻau. ʻO ʻoe, kou ʻohana, a i ʻole kāu mea mālama e kāhea koke aku i kāu kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli: ke kaumaha hou a i ʻole ke kaumaha paha; ke noʻonoʻo nei e pili ana i ka hōʻino a pepehi paha iā ʻoe iho, a i ʻole ke hoʻolālā ʻana a hoʻāʻo ʻana paha e hana pēlā; hopohopo nui loa; hoʻonāukiuki; hoʻouka weliweli; paʻakikī e hiamoe a hiamoe paha; hana kolohe; ukiuki; hana me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole; hoʻomaha ʻole loa; a me ka pīhoihoi pīhoihoi frenzied. E ʻike pono i kou ʻohana a mea mālama paha e ʻike i nā hōʻailona e koʻikoʻi paha i hiki iā lākou ke kāhea i ke kauka inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi iā ʻoe lāʻau ponoʻī.


Makemake kāu mea mālama ola e ʻike pinepine iā ʻoe ke lawe ʻoe i ka citalopram, keu hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka o kāu lapaʻau. E mālama pono i nā koho a pau no ke kipa keʻena me kāu kauka.

Hāʻawi ke kauka a kauka paha iā ʻoe i ka palapala ʻike hoʻomanawanui o ka mea hana (Medication Guide) ke hoʻomaka ʻoe i ka lāʻau me citalopram. E heluhelu pono i ka ʻike a nīnau i kāu kauka a kauka paha inā he nīnau kāu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ke Alakaʻi Medication mai ka pūnaewele FDA: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm.

He mea ʻole i kou mau makahiki, ma mua o kou lawe ʻana i kahi antidepressant, pono ʻoe, kou makua, a i ʻole kāu mea mālama e kamaʻilio i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia a me nā pono o ka mālama ʻana i kāu kūlana me ka antidepressant a i ʻole me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. E kamaʻilio pū ʻoe e pili ana i nā makaʻi a me nā pōmaikaʻi o ka mālama ʻole ʻana i kou ʻano. Pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha a i ʻole kekahi maʻi noʻonoʻo e hoʻonui nui ai i ka makaʻu e lilo ʻoe i suicidal. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia makaʻāinana inā ʻo ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi o kou ʻohana i loaʻa a i ʻole loaʻa paha i kahi maʻi bipolar (ʻano e loli ai mai ke kaumaha i ka pīhoihoi ʻole) a i ʻole mania (huhū, ʻano ʻoliʻoli ʻole), a i manaʻo ʻia a hoʻāʻo paha e pepehi kanaka. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kou ʻano, nā ʻōuli, a me ka mōʻaukala pilikino a me ka ʻohana. E hoʻoholo ʻoe a me kāu kauka i ke ʻano o ke kūpono kūpono iā ʻoe.


Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Citalopram e mālama i ke kaumaha. Aia ʻo Citalopram i kahi papa o nā antidepressants i kapa ʻia he selotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Manaʻo ʻia e hana me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka serotonin, kahi mea kūlohelohe i ka lolo e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike noʻonoʻo.

Hele mai ʻo Citalopram ma ke ʻano he papa a me kahi hopena (wai) e lawe ma ka waha. Lawe ʻia ia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole ke ahiahi, me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai. Lawe i ka citalopram ma kahi o ka manawa like i kēlā me kēia lā. E hāhai pono i nā ʻōkuhi i kāu lepili kuhikuhi, a nīnau i kāu kauka a kauka paha e wehewehe i kahi ʻāpana āu i maopopo ʻole ai. Lawe i ka citalopram e like me ke kuhikuhi. Mai lawe i ka mea ʻoi aku a liʻiliʻi paha o ia mea a lawe pinepine iā ia ma mua o ka mea i kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka.

E hoʻomaka paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe ma kahi haʻahaʻa o citalopram a hoʻonui iki i kāu lāʻau, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule.

Hiki iā 1 a 4 mau pule ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana i ka pono piha o ka citalopram. E hoʻomau i ka lawe citalopram ʻoiai ʻoe e manaʻo maikaʻi. Inā kū koke ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i ka citalopram, ʻike paha ʻoe i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻōuli e like me ka loli o ke ʻano, ka huhū, ka hoʻonāukiuki, ka palaho, ka numbness, ke kani ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​uila e like me nā sensation i loko o nā lima a me nā wāwae, ka hopohopo, huikau, ʻeha poʻo, luhi, nausea, sweating, haʻalulu, a paʻakikī e hiamoe a hiamoe paha. Mai hōʻoki i ka lawe ʻana i ka citalopram me ke kamaʻilio ʻole ʻana me kāu kauka. E hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha kāu kauka i kāu lāʻau.


Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Citalopram i kekahi manawa e mālama i nā maʻi ʻai, ka wai ʻona, maʻi kūpilikiʻi (ke kumu e hōʻeha koke ai ka makaʻu nui me ke kumu ʻole), kahi maʻi dysphoric premenstrual (kahi hui o nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli o ke kino e kū ma mua o ka manawa menstrual i kēlā me kēia mahina), a me ka phobia pili kaiaulu (hopohopo nui e pili ana i ka launa ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe). E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia e hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia lāʻau no kāu maʻi.

Kau ʻia kēia lāʻau no nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe; e noi i kāu kauka a kauka paha no ka ʻike hou aku.

Ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i citalopram,

  • e haʻi i kāu kauka a me ka kauka inā he maʻi ʻoe i ka citalopram, escitalopram (Lexapro), nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui i ka huahana citalopram āu e lawe nei. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka lāʻau a nānā i ke Kauka Lapaʻau no kahi papa inoa o nā mea hoʻohui.
  • e haʻi i kāu kauka inā lawe ʻoe i ka pimozide (Orap) a i ʻole ka mea kāohi monoamine oxidase (MAO) e like me isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox), phenelzine (Nardil), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), a i ʻole tranylcypromine (Parnate) , a i ʻole inā ua kū paha ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i kahi mea hoʻopuka MAO i loko o nā lā he 14 i hala. E haʻi paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe ʻaʻole e lawe i ka citalopram. Inā kū ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i ka citalopram, pono ʻoe e kali ma ka liʻiliʻi he 14 mau lā ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana e lawe i kahi mea hōʻoki MAO.
  • pono ʻoe e ʻike he like loa ka citalopram me kekahi SSRI, escitalopram (Lexapro). ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lawe pū i kēia mau lāʻau ʻelua.
  • e haʻi i kāu kauka a me ka mea kauka lāʻau i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau ʻole ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia a lawe ʻia e hoʻolālā e lawe. E ʻōlelo pono i kekahi o kēia mau mea: amiodarone (Cordarone); anticoagulants ('blood thinners') e like me warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven); aspirin a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal (NSAIDs) e like me ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) a me naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn); carbamazepine (Tegretol); cimetidine (Tagamet); cisapride (Propulsid); diuretics (’nā pila wai); disopyramide (Norpace); dofetilide (Tikosyn); erythromycin (E.E.S. E-Mycin, Erythrocin); heparin; lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid); nā lāʻau no ka hopohopo, ʻeha mau, maʻi maʻi, maʻi ʻo Parkinson, a me ka hopu ʻana; nā lāʻau no ka maʻi migraine e like me almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge), rizatriptan (Maxalt), sumatriptan (Imitrex), a me zolmitriptan (Zomig); polū methylene; metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL); moxifloxacin (Avelox); omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid); nā lāʻau lapaʻau serotonin ʻē aʻe i koho ʻia (SSRI) a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau hoʻohiehie serotonin – norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI); procainamide (Procanbid, Pronestyl); quinidine (Quinidex); nā mea hoʻonanea; sibutramine (Meridia); paina moe; sotalol (Betapace); sparfloxacin (Zagam); thioridazine (Mellaril); tramadol (Ultram); mea hoʻomaluhia; a me nā antidepressants tricyclic e like me amitriptyline (Elavil), amoxapine (Asendin), clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan), imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), protact trimipramine (Surmontil). Pono paha kāu kauka e hoʻololi i nā kaha o kāu mau lāʻau a nānā pono iā ʻoe no nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Hiki paha i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe ke launa pū me citalopram, no laila e ʻike pono i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau a pau āu e lawe nei, a ʻo nā mea ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma kēia papa inoa.
  • e haʻi i kāu kauka he aha nā mea hoʻopihaʻai a me nā mea kanu āu e lawe nei, keu hoʻi nā huahana i loaʻa iā St. John's wort a tryptophan paha.
  • e haʻi i kāu kauka inā ʻo ʻoe a ʻo kekahi paha o kou ʻohana i loaʻa a loaʻa paha iā QT maʻi lōʻihi (kahi pilikia puʻuwai laha ʻole e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ka puʻuwai ʻole, maʻule paha, a make koke paha) a inā ʻoe i hoʻohana a i hoʻohana paha i nā lāʻau lapaʻau alanui a i ʻole hoʻohana nui ʻole i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. . E haʻi pū aku i kāu kauka inā ʻoi aku ʻoe ma mua o 60 mau makahiki a inā ʻoe i loaʻa a i ʻole loaʻa paha iā ʻoe i kahi puʻuwai lohi a i ʻole maʻamau, ke koko kiʻekiʻe; nā pilikia koko; hahau ʻana; nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka magnesium a potassium paha i loko o kou koko, kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai, hōʻeha puʻuwai (kahi e hiki ʻole ai i ka puʻuwai ke pauma i ke koko i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino) a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano puʻuwai ʻē aʻe; ka hopu ʻana; aiʻole ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ate. E haʻi aku i kāu kauka inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka luaʻi nui, ka maʻi pākī, a i ʻole ka sweating, a inā ʻoe e hoʻomohala i kēia mau hōʻailona i kēlā me kēia manawa i kāu wā e lapaʻau ai.
  • e haʻi i kāu kauka inā hāpai ʻoe, keu hoʻi inā ʻoe i nā mahina hope o kou hāpai ʻana, a inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā e hāpai a i ʻole e hānai umauma ana. Inā hāpai ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i ka citalopram, kāhea i kāu kauka. Hiki i nā Citalopram ke hoʻopilikia i nā keiki hānau hou ma hope o ka lawe ʻana inā lawe ʻia i nā mahina hope o ka hāpai ʻana.
  • pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka citalopram ʻoe ​​e hiamoe ai. Mai hoʻokele i kahi kaʻa a hana i nā mīkini a ʻike ʻoe i ka hopena o kēia lāʻau iā ʻoe.
  • e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka hoʻohana palekana o nā inu waiʻona i kou wā e mālama ai me citalopram. Hiki i ka waiʻona ke hana i nā hopena ʻino o citalopram.
  • pono ʻoe e ʻike ʻo ka citalopram ke kumu o ka glaucoma pani-pani (kahi ʻano kahi i ālai koke ʻia ka wai a ʻaʻole hiki ke kahe i waho o ka maka e hoʻonui wikiwiki ai i ka maka o ka maka a hiki i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka maka ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana e lawe i kēia lāʻau. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka nūhou, ʻeha o ka maka, hoʻololi i ka hihiʻo, e like me ke ʻike ʻana i nā apo kala e pili ana i nā kukui, a me ka pehu ʻana a me ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole a puni ka maka, e kāhea aku i kāu kauka a i ʻole e kiʻi koke i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia.

Inā ʻaʻole haʻi kāu kauka iā ʻoe, e hoʻomau i kāu papaʻai maʻamau.

E lawe i ka lāʻau i hala i kou wā e hoʻomanaʻo ai. Eia nō naʻe, inā kokoke i ka manawa no ka mahele hope aʻe, e lele i ka lāʻau i hala a hoʻomau i kāu papa hana maʻamau. Mai lawe i kahi lāʻau pālua e pani no kahi mea i hala.

Hiki i Citalopram ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. E haʻi i kāu kauka inā koʻikoʻi kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli a mai hele aku paha:

  • nausea
  • pāhoehoe
  • kōpaʻa
  • ka luaʻi
  • ʻeha ka ʻōpū
  • puʻuwai puʻuwai
  • hoʻēmi ʻai
  • Kaumaha emi
  • urination pinepine
  • luhi nui loa
  • auwē
  • nāwaliwali
  • luliluli ʻole ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ke kino
  • ʻehaʻeha a ʻeha pū paha
  • waha maloo
  • nā hoʻololi i ka hoʻokele moekolohe a i ʻole ka hiki
  • wā kaumaha loa

Hiki i kekahi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke koʻikoʻi. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli, a i ʻole nā ​​mea i helu ʻia i nā ʻARlelo AOAO IMĀKAHI a i ʻole nā ​​KEKAHI MAKAHI MAKAHIKI, e kāhea koke i kāu kauka a i ʻole e kiʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia

  • ʻeha ka umauma
  • pokole o ka hanu
  • ʻūpā
  • maule ana
  • wikiwiki, lohi, a i ʻole kūpikipikiʻi ʻole
  • hallucinating (ke ʻike nei i nā mea a i ʻole ka lohe ʻana i nā leo i ʻole)
  • fiva
  • sweating nui loa
  • huikau
  • koma (nalo o ka ʻike)
  • nalo o ke kūlike
  • ʻoʻoleʻa a wili paha nā mākala
  • hives a palapū paha
  • hūwī
  • ʻūlili
  • pilikia i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ke ale ʻana
  • ka pehu o ka maka, ka ʻāʻī, ke alelo, nā lehelehe, nā maka, nā lima, nā wāwae, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a me nā wāwae lalo
  • hulahula
  • kahe koko ʻole ʻana a palapū paha
  • ʻeha poʻo
  • kūmau ʻole
  • nā pilikia me ka noʻonoʻo, ka noʻonoʻo, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo paha
  • ka hopu ʻana

Hiki i ka Citalopram ke hōʻemi i ka makemake a hōʻemi i ka pohō o nā keiki. E nānā pono ke kauka o kāu keiki i kona ulu pono ʻana. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka inā loaʻa kāu hopohopo e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki a i ʻole ke kaumaha ʻoiai ʻo ia e lawe nei i kēia lāʻau. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka o kāu keiki e pili ana i nā makaʻu o ka hāʻawi ʻana i citalopram i kāu keiki.

Hoʻokumu paha ʻo Citalopram i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Kāhea i kāu kauka inā he pilikia ʻokoʻa kāu i ka lawe ʻana i kēia lāʻau.

Inā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi, e hoʻouna ʻoe a i ʻole kāu kauka i kahi hōʻike i ka papahana hōʻike ʻino a MedWatch Adverse Event Food (FDA) ma ka pūnaewele (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) a i ʻole kelepona. 1-800-332-1088).

E mālama i kēia lāʻau i loko o ka pahu i komo ai, pani paʻa ʻia, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā kamaliʻi. E mālama iā ia i ka mahana wela o ka lumi a ma kahi o ka wela a me ka momona (ʻaʻole i ka lua.

He mea nui e mālama i nā lāʻau āpau mai ka maka a hiki i nā keiki e like me nā ipu (e like me nā minder pill i kēlā me kēia pule a me nā mea no nā kulu maka, nā kalima, nā pākuʻi, a me nā inhalers) ʻaʻole pale keiki a hiki i nā keiki ʻōpio ke wehe maʻalahi iā lākou. No ka pale ʻana i nā keiki ʻōpio mai ka lāʻau make, laka mau i nā pāpale palekana a kau koke i ka lāʻau i kahi palekana - kahi i luna a mamao a mai ko lākou alo a hiki. http://www.upandaway.org

Pono e hoʻolei ʻia nā lāʻau i koi ʻole ʻia i nā ala kūikawā e hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻole i nā holoholona, ​​nā keiki, a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopau iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kaomi i kēia lāʻau i ka lua. Akā, ʻo ke ala ʻoi loa e hoʻolilo i kāu lāʻau i loko o kahi papahana hoʻihoʻi lāʻau. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka lāʻau a kāhea paha i kāu ʻōpala a me nā hana hoʻopōʻaiapuni kūloko e aʻo e pili ana i nā papahana hoʻihoʻi i kou kaiāulu. E ʻike i ka pūnaewele palekana o kā FDA's Disposal of Medicines (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) no ka ʻike hou aku inā ʻaʻohe ou komo i kahi papahana hoʻihoʻi.

I ke kumu o ka overdose, e kāhea i ka helpline kaohi lāʻau make ma 1-800-222-1222. Loaʻa ka ʻike ma ka pūnaewele ma https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Inā ua hina ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia, loaʻa ka hopu ʻana, pilikia i ka hanu ʻana, a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke ala aʻe, e kāhea koke i nā lawelawe kūikawā ma 911.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli o ka overdose ke hoʻopili i kēia mau mea:

  • ʻūpā
  • ka houʻu ʻana
  • nausea
  • ka luaʻi
  • luliluli ʻole ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ke kino
  • hiamoe
  • wikiwiki, kūlike ʻole, a kuʻi paha i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai
  • poho hoʻomanaʻo
  • huikau
  • ka hopu ʻana
  • koma (nalo o ka ʻike)
  • hanu wikiwiki
  • aniani waihoʻoluʻu a puni ka waha, nā manamana lima, a me nā manamanalima
  • ʻeha mākala
  • mimi ʻeleʻele

E mālama i nā manawa a pau me kāu kauka a me ka hale hana. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua a me nā electrocardiograms (EKG; kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā i ka helu o kou puʻuwai a me kāu mele) ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana e lawe i ka citalopram a i kāu mālama ʻana me kēia lāʻau.

Mai ʻae i kahi mea ʻē aʻe e lawe i kāu lāʻau. E nīnau i kāu kauka lāʻau i nā nīnau āu e pili ana i ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i kāu kuhikuhi.

He mea nui iā ʻoe e mālama i kahi papa inoa i kākau ʻia a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻole (over-the-counter) lāʻau āu e lawe nei, a me nā huahana e like me nā huaora, nā minelala, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopiliʻai aʻe. Pono ʻoe e lawe i kēia papa inoa me ʻoe i kēlā me kēia manawa ke kipa ʻoe i ke kauka a i ʻole inā ʻae ʻia ʻoe i kahi haukapila. He ʻike nui nō hoʻi ia e lawe pū me ʻoe inā pilikia ʻo ka pilikia.

  • ʻO Celexa®
Nānā Hou - 01/15/2018

Nā Hale HōʻIkeʻIke Nui

Lāʻau make aila Turpentine

Lāʻau make aila Turpentine

ʻO ka ʻaila Turpentine mai kahi mea i loko o nā lāʻau pine. Hana ʻia ka lāʻau ʻaila Turpentine i ka manawa e ale ai kekahi i ka ʻaila turpine a i ʻole hanu i nā fume. ʻO ke hanu ʻana i kēia mau mahu m...
Hōʻike koko Toxoplasma

Hōʻike koko Toxoplasma

Ke nānā aku nei ka hōʻoia koko toxopla ma i nā mea ʻino i loko o ke koko i kahi para ite i kapa ʻia Toxopla ma gondii.Pono kahi laʻana koko.ʻAʻohe hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no ka hoʻāʻo.Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ke ...