He aha nā mea momona, nā ʻano nui a me nā mea no lākou

Anter

• He aha ka waiwai no
• Aia kekahi kumu o ka ikehu ma mua o ka glucose?
• Nā ʻano kālika
• 1. Simple
• 2. Nā Pākaukau
• He aha nā meaʻai momona
• Pehea e loaʻa ai ka metabolism

ʻO nā Carbohidates, i ʻike ʻia he karbohidrat a i ʻole nā ​​saccharides, he mau molekiola me kahi hanana i haku ʻia o ke kalapona, oxygen a me hydrogen, nona ka hana nui e hāʻawi i ka ikehu i ke kino, no ka mea ʻo 1 gram o nā haʻuki e like me 4 Kcal, e pili ana i 50 a 60% o ka papaʻai.

ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā meaʻai i loko o ka momona ʻo ka raiki, ka ʻoka, ka meli, ke kō, nā ʻuala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā waiʻohai maʻalahi a paʻakikī hoʻi, e like me kā lākou hanana molekiola.

He aha ka waiwai no

ʻO ka Carbohidates ke kumu nui o ka ikehu no ke kino no ka mea, i ka wā o ka digestion, hana ʻia ka glucose, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana i makemake ʻia o nā hunaola e hana i ka ikehu, e wāwahi i kēia mole i ATP, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hana metabolic like ʻole, no ka hana kūpono o ka kino. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka glucose e ka lolo, kahi e hoʻohana ai ma kahi o 120 g, ma waho o kahi 160 g i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hoʻohui ʻia, mālama ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka glucose i ke ʻano o ka glycogen i ke akepaʻa, a mālama ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i nā mākala, no nā hanana e pono ai ke kino i nā mālama, e like me nā hanana o ka hoʻokēʻai lōʻihi ʻana, ka makaʻala a i ʻole ka metabolic. stress, ʻo kahi laʻana.

He mea nui ka ʻai ʻana i nā huaʻaleʻale no ka mālama ʻana i nā mākala, ʻoiai ka makemake ʻole o ka glucose i ka nalo ʻana o ka nui o nā mākala. ʻO ka pulupulu kekahi ʻano pākana, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia i ka glucose, pono ia no ka hana digestion, no ka mea e hoʻemi ia i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka kolesterol, kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kō kō, hoʻonui i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū a makemake i ka hoʻonui i ka nui o ka noho, pale. kōpaʻa.

Aia kekahi kumu o ka ikehu ma mua o ka glucose?

ʻAe. Ke hoʻohana ke kino i nā waihona glucose a ʻaʻohe mea loaʻa o ka momona a i ʻole inā lawa ʻole ka lawe ʻana, hoʻomaka ka kino e hoʻohana i nā mālama momona o ke kino e hana i ka ikehu (ATP), e pani ana i ka glucose me nā kino ketone.

Nā ʻano kālika

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Carbohidrat e like me ka paʻakikī, i:

1. Simple

ʻO nā huaʻaleʻale maʻalahi nā anakuhi, ke hui pū ʻia, hana i nā haʻuki kūpilikiʻi ʻoi loa. ʻO nā laʻana o nā haʻuki kūpikipiki ʻo glucose, ribose, xylose, galactose a me fructose. Ke hoʻopau nei i kahi ʻāpana o ka carbohydrate, decomposes kēia mole paʻakikī i ka pae o ka gastrointestinal tract, a hiki i ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻano o monosaccharides, e komo i hope.

ʻO ka hui ʻana o ʻelua mau monosaccharides e hana i nā disaccharides, e like me ka sucrose (glucose + fructose), ʻo ia ka papa kō, lactose (glucose + galactose) a me maltose (glucose + glucose), e laʻa me. Eia hou, ʻo ka hui ʻana o 3 a 10 mau ʻāpana o monosaccharides e hāʻawi i nā oligosaccharides.

2. Nā Pākaukau

ʻO nā huehue huikau a i ʻole nā ​​polysaccharides, nā mea i loaʻa ma mua o 10 mau anakahi o nā monosaccharides, e hana ana i nā hanana molekoki paʻakikī, i hiki ke laina a i ʻole nā ​​lālā. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana he starch a glycogen paha.

He aha nā meaʻai momona

ʻO kekahi mau meaʻai i waiwai i nā huaʻāpā i ka berena, ka palaoa, ka palaoa, nā pī, nā lihi, nā piʻina, nā hua bale, nā ʻoka, nā ʻoka, nāʻuala a me nā ʻuala, no ka laʻana.

Waiho ʻia ka nui o nā pākōpika i loko o ke kino i ke ʻano momona, no laila, ʻoiai he mea nui ia, pono ka mea e hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana i keu, ke noi ʻia nei e lawe ʻia ma kahi o 200 a 300 gram i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi nui e loli e like me i ke kaupaona, makahiki, moekolohe a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.

E ʻike hou aʻe i nā meaʻai momona-momona.

Pehea e loaʻa ai ka metabolism

Hoʻopili ʻo Carb carbohydrates i nā ala metabolic, e like me:

• ʻO Glycolysis: ʻo ia ke ala metabolic kahi e oxidized ai ka glucose e loaʻa ai ka ikehu no nā kino o ke kino. I kēia kaʻina hana, hana ʻia nā mole ATP a me 2 pyruvate, i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ala metabolic ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa ai ka ikehu hou aku;
• ʻO Gluconeogenesis: ma o kēia ala metabolic, hiki ke hana ʻia ka glucose mai nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā waʻā. Hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia ala ke hele ke kino i loko o kahi wā hoʻokē lohi, kahi hiki ke hana ʻia ka glucose ma o ka glycerol, mai nā waikawa momona, nā amino acid a i ʻole ka lactate;
• ʻO Glycogenolysis: he hana catabolic ia, kahi e haki ʻia ai ke glycogen i mālama ʻia i ke akepaʻa a me / a i ʻole nā ​​mākala e hana i ka glucose. Hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia ala ke koi ke kino i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka glucose koko;
• Glucogenesis: he hana metabolic ia e hana ʻia ai ka glycogen, i haku ʻia e kekahi mau mole glucose, i mālama ʻia i ke akepaʻa, a i kahi liʻiliʻi, i nā mākala. Hana ʻia kēia hana ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai me nā haʻalako.

Hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia mau ala metabolic ma muli o nā pono o ka meaola a me ke kūlana i loaʻa ai iā ia iho.