Mea Kākau: Gregory Harris
Lā O Ka Hana: 10 Apelila 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 24 Kepakemapa 2024
Anonim
25. Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulphate and Keratan Sulphate
Wikiō: 25. Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulphate and Keratan Sulphate

Anter

ʻO Chondroitin sulfate kahi mea kemika e ʻike maʻamau ʻia i ka cartilage a puni nā hono i ke kino. Hana ʻia ʻo Chondroitin sulfate mai nā kumu holoholona, ​​e like me ka manō a me ka cartilage bipi. Hiki nō ke hana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua.

ʻAʻole inoa inoa pololei ʻia kekahi huahana chondroitin sulfate. I kekahi mau hihia, ua loli ka nui o ka chondroitin mai kahi mea a i ʻole 100% o ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka lepili o ka huahana. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i kekahi huahana nā chondroitin i lawe ʻia mai nā holoholona like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻōlelo mau ʻia kēia i ka lepili.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Chondroitin sulfate no ka osteoarthritis a me nā cataract. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia me ka hoʻohui pū me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, e like me ka manganese ascorbate, hyaluronic acid, collagen peptides, a i ʻole glucosamine. Lawe ʻia hoʻi ʻo Chondroitin sulfate e ka waha, hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili, a hāʻawi ʻia i pana no nā ʻano he nui ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema maikaʻi e kākoʻo i kēia mau hoʻohana.

Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe nā helu kūpono e pili ana i nā hōʻike ʻepekema e like me ka pālākiō e hiki mai ana: Ka maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, ka maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka lawa ʻole o nā hōʻike i ka helu.

Nā helu kūpono no SULFATE CHONDROITIN penei:


E kūpono paha no ...

  • Kālepaʻa. Hōʻike ka noiʻi i ke kuʻi ʻana i kahi hopena e loaʻa ana ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka sodium hyaluronate i ka maka e pale i ka maka i ka wā o ka ʻoki cataract. ʻO nā huahana like ʻole e piha ana ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka sodium hyaluronate i loiloi ʻia e ka U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaila katarak. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo inā hoʻohui ʻia ka chondroitin sulfate i nā hopena sodium hyaluronate e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaomi i loko o ka maka ma hope o ke kaha ʻana o ka cataract hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano lāʻau like like. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi mua i kahi hopena o ka maka kikoʻī e loaʻa ana ka chondroitin sulfate a me hyaluronate (Viscoat, Alcon Laboratories) hiki ke hoʻēmi i ke kaomi o ka maka a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino olakino maka ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o kahi cataract. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kulu ma mua o nā kulu i loaʻa ka hyaluronate hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hopena o nā hopena i loaʻa wale i ka chondroitin sulfate ma ke kahakaha cataract.
  • ʻO Osteoarthritis. Hōʻike ka noiʻi noiʻi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate e ka waha me ka haʻahaʻa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻeha a me ka hana i kekahi poʻe me ka osteoarthritis ke hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i 6 mau mahina. Me he mea lā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma nā poʻe me ka ʻeha ʻoi loa a i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi hoʻomākaukau papa-lāʻau. ʻO nā huahana kikoʻī i hōʻike i ka pōmaikaʻi i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis pū me Chondrosulf (IBSA Institut Biochimique SA), Chondrosan (Bioibérica, S.A.), a me Structrum (Laboratoires Pierre Fabre). Akā ʻo ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻeha e liʻiliʻi paha i ka maikaʻi. Hōʻike kekahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate a hiki i 2 mau makahiki e lohi paha i ka holomua o ka osteoarthritis.
    Ua loiloi kekahi mau noiʻi i nā hopena o ka chondroitin sulfate ke lawe ʻia e ka waha i hui pū ʻia me ka glucosamine. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi e lawe ana i nā huahana kikoʻī i loaʻa i ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka glucosamine kōkua e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ka osteoarthritis. Hōʻike kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kahi pōmaikaʻi ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau pāʻoihana ʻole. Lawe i ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka glucosamine wā lōʻihi e hōʻike e hoʻolohi i ka holomua o ka osteoarthritis.
    Aia kekahi mau hōʻike e hiki i ka ʻili kalima ʻili me ka chondroitin sulfate ke hui pū ʻia me ka glucosamine sulfate, ka mano mano, a me ka camphor hiki ke hoʻēmi i nā ʻōuli osteoarthritis. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka hōʻoluʻolu o nā hōʻailona ma muli o ka camphor a ʻaʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe noiʻi e hōʻike ana e komo ana ka chondroitin i loko o ka ʻili.

ʻAʻole lawa nā hōʻike e hōʻike i ka pono no ...

  • ʻO ka ʻeha puʻupuʻu i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia nā mea kāohi aromatase (aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgias). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka lawe ʻana i kahi hui o ka glucosamine sulfate a me ka chondroitin sulfate i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau mahele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā no 24 mau pule e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻeha pū me nā ʻōuli i hana ʻia e ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma
  • Maka maloʻo. Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kulu sulfate chondroitin hiki ke hoʻemi i nā maka maloʻo. Hōʻike nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kulu maka me ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka gum xanthan hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā maka maloʻo e pili ana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waimaka hana. Akā ʻaʻole hōʻike kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kahi pōmaikaʻi.
  • ʻO ka ʻehaʻeha o ka mākau ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate i kēlā me kēia lā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi i ka ʻehaʻeha ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kāne.
  • Pehu (pehu) o ka ʻōpū (gastritis). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka inu ʻana i kahi wai kikoʻī i loko o ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka hyaluronic acid hiki ke hoʻēmi i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū i ka poʻe me gastritis.
  • Paʻi maʻi bladder (interstitial cystitis). Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi e kau ana i ka wai me ka chondroitin sulfate i loko o ka pākeke hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻōuli hōʻeha ʻeha. Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau hoʻopaʻa haʻawina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate ma loko o ka pahu ʻaʻohe waiwai. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi mua i ka lawe ʻana i kahi huahana i loaʻa ka chondroitin sulfate a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e ka waha hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Akā ʻaʻole maopopo inā ka pōmaikaʻi mai chondroitin sulfate a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.
  • ʻO kahi maʻi e hoʻopili i nā iwi a me nā hono, maʻamau i ka poʻe me ka hemahema selenium (maʻi Kashin-Beck). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka chondroitin sulfate, me ka ʻole o glucosamine hydrochloride, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻeha i ka poʻe me ka maʻi Kashin-Beck. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate me ka glucosamine sulfate hiki ke hoʻolohi i kahi ākea e pili ana i ka poʻe me kēia maʻi iwi. Eia nō naʻe, maopopo ʻole inā ke lawe nei i ka chondroitin sulfate wale nō e lohi i ka lewa o ka wahi.
  • Maʻi hohola. Hōʻike kekahi o nā noiʻi mua i ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate e ka waha e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i ka makaʻu o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai mua a hou paha.
  • Scaly, ʻili ʻili (psoriasis). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate no 2-3 mau mahina e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka ʻeha a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka ʻili i ka poʻe me psoriasis. Akā manaʻo ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate (Condrosan, CS Bio-Active, Bioiberica S.A, Barcelona, ​​Sepania) i kēlā me kēia lā no 3 mau mahina ʻaʻole e hoʻēmi i ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka psoriasis i ka poʻe me ka psoriasis a me ka osteoarthritis kuli.
  • Ka nalowale o ka mālama ʻana i ka bladder (urinary incontinence). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka sodium chondroitin sulfate i loko o ka pāpaʻi ma o ka catheter urinary e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o ke ola i ka poʻe me ka bladder overactive.
  • Nā maʻi o ke kīhā, ka pūpū, a i ʻole ka urethra (nā maʻi maʻi urinary tract a i ʻole UTIs). Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua i ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi hopena e loaʻa ana ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka hyaluronic acid i loko o ka hakahaka ma o ka catheter e hoʻemi ana i ka helu o nā UTI i nā wahine me ka moʻolelo o ka UTI.
  • ʻIli ʻili.
  • ʻBurnpuʻu puʻuwai paʻa mau.
  • Maʻi maʻi puʻuwai.
  • Kolesterol kiʻekiʻe.
  • Nā iwi palupalu a palupalu (osteoporosis).
  • ʻ Wrʻili kukū.
  • Nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.
Pono nā hōʻike hou aʻe e helu i ka chondroitin sulfate no kēia mau hoʻohana.

I ka osteoarthritis, wāwahi ka cartilage i nā hono. Lawe i ka chondroitin sulfate, kekahi o nā poloka hale o ka cartilage, e hoʻolohi paha i kēia haʻihaʻi.

Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha: ʻO Chondroitin sulfate ʻo ia LIKELY SAFE. Lawe palekana ʻia ʻo Chondroitin sulfate e ka waha a hiki i 6 mau makahiki. Hiki iā ia ke kumu i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka nausea. ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka bloating, diarrhea, constipation, headache, eyelids pehu, ʻūhā o ka wāwae, ka nalowale o ka lauoho, ka ʻeha o ka ʻili, a me ke kuʻi puʻuwai ʻole.

Ke hoʻokomo ʻia i ka maka: ʻO Chondroitin sulfate ʻo ia LIKELY SAFE ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hopena o ka maka i ke kahakaha cataract.

Ke hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he pū: ʻO Chondroitin sulfate ʻo ia SAFE MAU PONO ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka mākala e like me ke kī ʻana, wā pōkole.

Aia kekahi hopohopo e pili ana i ka palekana o chondroitin sulfate no ka mea mai nā kumu holoholona. Ke hopohopo nei kekahi poʻe e hiki i nā hana hana palekana ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka haumia o nā huahana chondroitin me nā aʻa holoholona i maʻi, e like me nā mea e lawe ai i ka encephalopathy bongine spongiform (maʻi bipi huhū). Ma kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe hōʻike o chondroitin e hana nei i ka maʻi i loko o ke kanaka, a manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa ka pilikia.

Loaʻa i kekahi huahana chondroitin i ka nui o ka manganese. E noi i kāu ʻoihana olakino e pili ana i nā mana pono.

Nā mālama a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūikawā:

Hāpai a me ka hānai umauma: ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻike hilinaʻi e ʻike ai inā palekana ka chondroitin sulfate e hoʻohana ai i ka wā hāpai a hānai umauma paha. Noho ma ka ʻaoʻao palekana a pale i ka hoʻohana.

Asthma: Aia kekahi hopohopo e hōʻino paha ka chondroitin sulfate i ka hānō. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka hānō, e hoʻohana akahele i ka chondroitin sulfate.

Nā maʻi maʻi kō: I ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ke kahe ʻana i ka poʻe me nā maʻi pūpū koko.

Maʻi ʻaʻai Prostate: Hōʻike ka noiʻi mua e hiki i ka chondroitin ke kumu o ka hoʻolaha a hoʻi hou paha o ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia kēia hopena me nā chondroitin sulfate supplement. Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i ka ʻike hou aku, mai lawe i ka chondroitin sulfate inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate a i ʻole makaʻu nui paha no ka hoʻomohala ʻana (he kaikaina kou a makua kāne paha me ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate).

Kānāwai
E akahele me kēia hui ʻana.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Warfarin (Coumadin) e hoʻolohi i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko. Nui nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka chondroitin me ka glucosamine e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o warfarin (Coumadin) i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko. Hiki i kēia ke kumu i ka palapū a me ke kahe ʻana i hiki ke koʻikoʻi. Mai lawe i ka chondroitin inā ʻoe e lawe warfarin (Coumadin).
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā launa pū me nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻopili.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā launa me nā meaʻai.
Ua aʻo ʻia nā mahele aʻe i ka noiʻi ʻepekema:

E ka waha:
  • No ka osteoarthritis: ʻO ka mahele maʻamau o ka chondroitin sulfate he 800-2000 mg i lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau mahele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i nā makahiki 3.
Noi i ka ili:
  • No ka osteoarthritis: ʻO kahi kalima i loaʻa iā 50 mg / gram o chondroitin sulfate, 30 mg / gram o ka glucosamine sulfate, 140 mg / gram o ka cartilage manō, a me 32 mg / gram o ka camphor i hoʻohana ʻia e pono ai no nā hono ʻeha a ʻe 8 mau pule.
INJected i loko o ka MUSCLE:
  • No ka osteoarthritis: Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Chondroitin sulfate (Matrix) i loko o ka mākala i kēlā me kēia lā a i ʻole ʻelua mau pule i kēlā me kēia pule no 6 mau mahina.
APUIA I KA MAKA:
  • No ka cataract: He mau kulu maka like ʻole e piha ana ka sodium hyaluronate a me ka chondroitin sulfate (DisCoVisc, Alcon Laboratories; Viscoat, Alcon Laboratories; DuoVisc, Alcon Laboratories; Viscoat, Alcon Laboratories; Provisc, Alcon Laboratories) i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaha ʻana o ka cataract.
ʻO Calcium Chondroitin Sulphate, CDS, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Polysulfate, Chondroitin Polysulphate, Chondroitin Sulfate A, Chondroitin Sulphates, Chondroitin Sulphate B, Chondroitin Sulphate C, Chondroitin Sulphates, Chondroitin Sulphate A Sodium, Chondroïtine Sulphate, Chondroitin Sulphate A Sodium, Chondroïtine Sulphate, Chondroitin Sulphate , Chondroïtine 4-Sulfate, Chondroïtine 4 a me 6- Sulfate, Condroitin, CPS, CS, CSA, CSC, GAG, Galactosaminoglucuronoglycan Sulfate, Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Chondroitin 4 a me 6-Sulfate, Poly- (1-> 3) -N-Aceltyl-2-Amino-2-Deoxy-3-O-Beta-D-Glucopyranurosyl-4- (a i ʻole 6-), Polysulfate de Chondroïtine, Sulfate de Chondroïtine, Sulfate de Galactosaminoglucuronoglycane, Sulphates de Chondroïtine, Sulfato de Condo .

E aʻo hou aʻe ai pehea i kākau ʻia ai kēia ʻatikala, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i ka Nā Laʻau Laʻau Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe ʻano hana.


  1. Bruyere O, Honvo G, Veronese N, et al. Kahi koi algorithm hou no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis kuli mai ka European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects o Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, a me Musculoskeletal Disease (ESCEO). Semin Artritis Rheum. 2019 Dec; 49: 337-50. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  2. Navarro SL, Levy L, Curtis KR, Lampe JW, Hullar MAJ. Hoʻololi o Gut Microbiota na Glucosamine a me Chondroitin i kahi hoʻokolohua kaulike, pālua makapō hoʻokolohua i nā kānaka. Nā meaolaolaola. 2019 Nov 23; 7. pii: E610. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  3. Restaino OF, Finamore R, Stellavato A, et al. ʻO nā mea hoʻopihaʻai chondroitin sulfate a me ka glucosamine ʻEulopa: kahi ʻano ʻōnaehana a me ka helu helu loiloi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Carbohima Polym. 2019 Okakopa 15; 222: 114984. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  4. Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. ʻO ke Kulanui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo Rheumatology / Arthritis Foundation no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis o ka lima, ka ʻū, a me ke kuli. Rumatika rumitis. 2020 Pepeluali; 72: 220-33. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  5. Savarino V, Pace F2, Scarpignato C; Pūʻulu Study Esoxx. Hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike: pale mucosal hui pū ʻia me ka suppression acid i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi reflux non-erosive - efficacy o Esoxx, kahi hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulphate e pili ana i ka hana bioadhesive. ʻO Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017; 45: 631-642. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  6. ʻO Goddard JC, Janssen DAW. Intravesical hyaluronic acid a me chondroitin sulfate no nā maʻi maʻi urinary hou: ka loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2018 Jul; 29: 933-942. Epub 2017 Nov 27. Loiloi. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  7. Iannitti T, Morales-Medina JC, Merighi A, et al. ʻO kahi hyaluronic acid- a me chondroitin sulfate-based medical tool hoʻomaikaʻi i ka gastritis ʻeha, discomfort, a me nā endoscopic hiʻohiʻona. Lawe ʻia ʻo Deliv Translate Res. 2018 ʻOkakopa; 8: 994-999. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  8. Tsuruta A, Horiike T, Yoshimura M, Nagaoka I. Ka loiloi ʻana i ka hopena o ka lawelawe ʻana o kahi glucosamine i loaʻa ka waihona ma nā biomarkers no ka cartilage metabolism i nā mea pāʻani pōpō peku. Mol Med Rep. 2018 ʻOkakopa; 18: 3941-3948. Epub 2018 Aug 17. E nānā abstract.
  9. Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, Vilchez-Cavazos F, Acosta-Olivo CA, Peña-Martínez VM, Simental-Mendía LE. Ka hopena o ka glucosamine a me ka chondroitin sulfate i ka osteoarthritis kuli symptomat: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me ka meta-analysis o nā hoʻokolohua placebo-kāohi ʻia. ʻO Rheumatol Int. 2018 Aug; 38: 1413-1428. Epub 2018 Jun 11. Nānā. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  10. Ogata T, Ideno Y, Akai M, et al. Nā hopena o ka glucosamine i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me nā meta-analysis. ʻO Clin Rheumatol. Sep. 2018; 37: 2479-2487. Epub 2018 Apr 30
  11. Pyo JS, Cho WJ. Nānā ʻōnaehana a me ka Meta-Analysis o Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid a me Hyaluronic Acid / Chondroitin Sulfate Instillation no ka Interstitial Cystitis / Painful Bladder Syndrome. Pūnaewele Physiol Biochem. 2016; 39: 1618-25. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  12. Lopez HL, Ziegenfuss TN, Park J. Loiloi i nā hopena o BioCell Collagen, kahi Novel Cartilage Extract, ma ke kākoʻo Tissue Tissue a me ka hoʻōla hana mai ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hoʻohui Med (Encinitas). 2015; 14: 30-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  13. Pérez-Balbuena AL, Ochoa-Tabares JC, Belalcazar-Rey S, et al. Ka hopena o kahi hui paʻa o 0.09% xanthan gum / 0.1% chondroitin sulfate preservative manuahi vs polyethylene glycol / propylene glycol i nā kumuhana me nā maʻi maka maloʻo: kahi multicenter randomized control trial. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016 Sep; 16: 164.Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  14. Zeng C, Wei J, Li H, et al. Ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o Glucosamine, chondroitin, nā mea ʻelua i ka hui ʻana, a i ʻole celecoxib i ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli. ʻO Rep. 2015. 5: 16827. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  15. Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Sánchez-Pernaute O, et al. Hoʻohui Hoʻohui Me Chondroitin Sulfate a me Glucosamine Sulfate ʻaʻole hōʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka Placebo no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka ʻeha hui a me ka hōʻino ʻia o ka hana i nā mea maʻi me ka Knee Osteoarthritis: He Multicenter ʻeono mau malama, Hoʻohuli ʻia, Pālua-makapō, Hoʻoholo Kākoʻo Placebo Rumatika rumitis. 2017; 69: 77-85. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  16. Pelletier JP, Raynauld JP, Beaulieu AD, et al. ʻO ka Chondroitin sulfate efficacy me ka celecoxib ma ke kuli osteoarthritis hoʻololi i nā hanana e hoʻohana ana i ke kiʻi magnetic resonance: kahi 2-makahiki multicentre exploratory study. ʻO Arthritis Res Ther. 2016; 18: 256. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  17. Singh JA, Noorbaloochi S, MacDonald R, Maxwell LJ. Chondroitin no ka osteoarthritis. ʻO Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 28; 1: CD005614. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  18. Bruyère O, Cooper C, Pelletier JP, et al. ʻO kahi ʻōlelo kuʻikahi e pili ana i ka European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects o Osteoporosis a me Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) algorithm no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis kuli-Mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā hōʻike i kahi hoʻonohonoho maoli. Semin Artritis Rheum. 2016; 45 (4 Hōʻawi): S3-11. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  19. ʻO Reginster JY, Dudler J, Blicharski T, Pavelka K. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Chondroitin sulfate ka hopena e like me ka celecoxib a ʻoi aku i ka placebo i ka osteoarthritis kuli symptomat: ʻo ChONdroitin me CElecoxib vs. Placebo Trial (CONCEPT) ʻO Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Mei 22. pii: annrheumdis-2016-210860. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  20. Volpi N. Maikaʻi o nā hoʻomākaukau sulfate chondroitin ʻokoʻa e pili ana i kā lākou hana therapeutic. ʻO J Farm Pharmacol 2009; 61: 1271-80. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  21. Lauder RM. Sulphate Chondroitin: kahi mole mole paʻakikī me nā hopena kūpono i ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana biology. Hoʻohui Ther Med 2009; 17: 56-62. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  22. ʻO Barnhill JG, Fye CL, Williams DW, Reda DJ, Harris CL, Clegg DO. Koho huahana Chondroitin no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka glukosamine / chondroitin arthritis hoʻokolokolo. ʻO J Am Pharm Assoc 2006; 46: 14-24. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  23. Zegels B, Crozes P, Uebelhart D, Bruyère O, Reginster JY. ʻO ke kaulike o kahi mahele hoʻokahi (1200 mg) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi manawa ʻekolu o ka lā (400 mg) o chondroitin 4 & 6 sulfate i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis kuli. Nā hopena o kahi noiʻi placebo makapō makapō randomized. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21: 22-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  24. ʻO Vigan M. Allergic contact dermatitis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka sodium chondroitin sulfate i loko o kahi kirimina hoʻoluʻu. Kāhea iā Dermatitis 2014; 70: 383-4. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  25. ʻO Torella M, Schettino MT, Salvatore S, Serati M, De Franciscis P, Colacurci N. Intravesical therapy i cystitis hou: kahi ʻike nui waena. J Infect Chemother 2013; 19: 920-5. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  26. ʻO Schneider H, Maheu E, Cucherat M. ʻO ka hopena o ka chondroitin sulfate i ka osteoarthritis kuli: kahi meta-analysis o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua placebo i mālama ʻia me ka strum (®). E wehe iā Rheumatol J. 2012; 6: 183-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  27. Palmieri B, Merighi A, Corbascio D, Rottigni V, Fistetto G, Esposito A. Hoʻohui paʻa o ka hyaluronic acid a me ka chondroitin-sulphate waha i loko o ka randomized double blind, placebo kontrol study no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōuli i nā maʻi me ka gastroesophageal non erosive reflux. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17: 3272-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  28. Llamas-Moreno JF, Baiza-Durán LM, Saucedo-Rodríguez LR, Alaníz-De la O JF. Ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o chondroitin sulfate / xanthan gum me polyethylene glycol / propylene glycol / hydroxypropyl guar i nā mea maʻi me ka maka maloʻo. ʻO Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7: 995-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  29. De Vita D, Antell H, Giordano S. Ka hopena o intravesical hyaluronic acid me a i ʻole me ka chondroitin sulfate no ka cystitis bacterial hou i nā wahine makua: kahi meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 24: 545-52. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  30. Greenlee H, Crew KD, Shao T, Kranwinkel G, Kalinsky K, Maurer M, Brafman L, Insel B, Tsai WY, Hershman DL. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka pae II o ka glucosamine me ka chondroitin ma ka aromatase mea hoʻopili-pili i nā hōʻailona me nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Kākoʻo Cancer Care 2013; 21: 1077-87. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  31. Fransen M, Agaliotis M, Nairn L, Votrubec M, Bridgett L, Su S, Jan S, Malaki L, Edmonds J, Norton R, Woodward M, Lā R; E aʻo i ka hui hui like ʻo LEGS. ʻO Glucosamine a me chondroitin no ka osteoarthritis kuli: kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike kaulike loiloi i hoʻokahi a me nā regimens hoʻohui. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74: 851-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  32. ʻO Provenza JR, Shinjo SK, Silva JM, Peron CR, Rocha FA. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo glucosamine a me chondroitin sulfate, hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha manawa i kēlā me kēia lā, hāʻawi i ka analgesia pili pono i ka maʻi i ka osteoarthritis kuli. ʻO Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34: 1455-62.
  33. von Felden J, Montani M, Kessebohm K, Stickel F. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau i ka ʻeha o ke ake e mimicking autoimmune hepatitis ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha papaʻai i loko o ka glucosamine a me ka chondroitin sulfate. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 51: 219-23. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  34. Hochberg MC, Martel-Pelletier J, Monfort J, Möller I, Castillo JR, Arden N, Berenbaum F, Blanco FJ, Conaghan PG, Doménech G, Henrotin Y, Pap T, Richette P, Sawitzke A, du Souich P, Pelletier JP ; ma ka inoa o ka Pūʻulu ʻImi Hoʻokele. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo chondroitin sulfate a me glucosamine no ka osteoarthritis kuli ʻeha: kahi multicentre, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial versus celecoxib. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75: 37-44. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  35. Cerda C, Bruguera M, Parés A. Hepatotoxicity e pili ana me ka glucosamine a me ka chondroitin sulfate i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi ate mau. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 5381-4. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  36. ʻO Bray HG, Gregory JE, Stacey M. Kemika o nā Tissue. 1. Chondroitin mai ka cartilage. ʻO Biochem J 1944; 38: 142-146.
  37. ʻO FDA. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Premarket (PMA). Loaʻa ma: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=20196.
  38. Hāʻawi ʻo FDA i ka ʻae premarket no Viscoat. Nā Kūlana Palekana Biomed 1986; 16: 82.
  39. ʻO Blotman F a me Loyau G. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua me ka chondroitin sulfate ma gonarthrosis [abstract]. Kālepa Osteoarthritis 1993; 1: 68.
  40. Adebowale AO, Cox DS Liang Z Eddington ND. Ka Ikepili o ka glukosamine a me ka chondroitin sulfate ʻike i nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia a me ka caco-2 permeability o chondroitin sulfate mea maka. ʻO J Am Nutraceutical Assoc. 2000; 3: 37-44.
  41. Pavelka lāua ʻo et al. Pālua makapō, hoʻopaʻa haʻawina hopena o ka waha cs 4 & 6 1200mg, 800mg, 200mg e kūʻē i ka placebo i ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis femorotibial. Wular Rheumatol Liter 1998; 27 (sup 2): 63.
  42. L'Hirondel JL. [Ke aʻo makapō lua me ka noi waha o chondroitin sulfate vs. placebo no ka mālama ʻana i ka tibio femoral gonarthrosis ma 125 mau maʻi. Litera Rheumatologica 1992; 14: 77-84.
  43. Fleisch, AM, Merlin C, Imhoff A, a me et al. Hoʻokahi makahiki i hoʻomohala ʻia, pālua makapō, hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka placebo me ka chondroitin sulfate waha i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis kuli. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1997; 5: 70.
  44. ʻO Uebelhart D a me Chantraine A. Efficacite clinique du sulfate de chondroitine dans la gonarthrose: Etude randomisee en pālua-insu vs. placebo [abstract]. Rev. Rhumatisme 1994; 10: 692.
  45. Verbruggen, G., Goemaere, S., a me Veys, E. M. Chondroitin sulfate: S / DMOAD (ke kūkulu / maʻi e hoʻololi ana i ka lāʻau anti-osteoarthritis) i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka hui manamana OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998; 6 Hōʻawi A: 37-38. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  46. Nakazawa, K., Murata, K., Izuka, K., a me Oshima, Y. Nā hopena pōkole o ka chondroitin sulfates A a me C ma nā kumuhana atherosclerotic coronary: Me ka nānā ʻana i kāna mau hana anti-thrombogenic. ʻO Jpn. Heart J 1969; 10: 289-296. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  47. Nakazawa, K. a me Murata, K. Ke aʻo like ʻana i nā hopena o nā isomers chondroitin sulfate ma nā kumuhana atherosclerotic. ZFA 1979; 34: 153-159. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  48. Thilo, G. [Ke aʻo ʻana no 35 mau hihia o ka arthrosis i mālama ʻia me ka chondrotiine sulfuric acid (nā mea kākau)). ʻO Schweizerische Rundschau huluhulu Medizin Praxis 12-27-1977; 66: 1696-1699. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  49. Embriano, P. J. Nā pilikia o hope ma hope o ka phacoemulsification: sodium hyaluronate vs. sodium chondroitin sulfate-sodium hyaluronate. Ann.Ophthalmol. 1989; 21: 85-88, 90. Nānā i ka abstract.
  50. Railhac, JJ, Zaim, M., Saurel, AS, Vial, J., a me Fournie, B. Ka hopena o nā mālama he 12 me ka chondroitin sulfate ma ka nui o ka cartilage i nā maʻi osteoarthritis kuli: he randomized, double-blind, placebo-control pilot hoʻopaʻa haʻawina me ka MRI. ʻO Clin.Rheumatol. 2012; 31: 1347-1357. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  51. De, Vita D. a me Giordano, S. Ka hopena o intravesical hyaluronic acid / chondroitin sulfate i ka cystitis bacterial hou: kahi noiʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Int.Urogynecol.J. 2012; 23: 1707-1713. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  52. Nickel, JC, Hanno, P., Kumar, K., a me Thomas, H. Second multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group loiloi o ka pono a me ka palekana o ka intravesical sodium chondroitin sulfate ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka kaohi o ka kaʻa hana ʻole i nā kumuhana me interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome. Urology 2012; 79: 1220-1224. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  53. Yue, J., Yang, M., Yi, S., Dong, B., Li, W., Yang, Z., Lu, J., Zhang, R., a me Yong, J. Chondroitin sulfate a me / a i ʻole glucosamine hydrochloride no ka maʻi ʻo Kashin-Beck: kahi noiʻi cluster-randomized, kahi placebo-kāohi ʻia. ʻO Osteoarthritis. 2012; 20: 622-629. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  54. Kanzaki, N., Saito, K., Maeda, A., Kitagawa, Y., Kiso, Y., Watanabe, K., Tomonaga, A., Nagaoka, I., a me Yamaguchi, H. Nā hopena o kahi waihona meaʻai i loaʻa i ka glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate a me ka quercetin glycosides ma ka ʻōuli maʻi osteoarthritis: kahi papa hana, makapō makapō, kahi hoʻomalu placebo. ʻO J.Sci.Food Agric. 3-15-2012; 92: 862-869. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  55. Wildi, LM, Raynauld, JP, Martel-Pelletier, J., Beaulieu, A., Bessette, L., Morin, F., Abram, F., Dorais, M., a me Pelletier, JP Chondroitin sulphate e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka cartilage nā maʻi liona a me nā iwi o ka iwi osteoarthritis kuli e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o 6 mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka therapy: kahi randomized, double-blind, placebo-control pilot study using MRI. Ann.Rheum.Dis. 2011; 70: 982-989. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  56. Damiano, R., Quarto, G., Bava, I., Ucciero, G., De, Domenico R., Palumbo, MI, a me Autorino, R. Kāohi ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi urinary hou e ka lawelawe intravesical o hyaluronic acid a me chondroitin sulphate : kahi hoʻokolokolo i hoʻokolohua ʻia i kahi placebo. Eur.Urol. 2011; 59: 645-651. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  57. Zhou, Q., Chen, H., Qu, M., Wang, Q., Yang, L., a me Xie, L. Hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hiʻohiʻona ex vivo hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka fungal corneal. Graefes Arch.Clin.Exp.Ophthalmol. 2011; 249: 693-700. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  58. Liesegang, T. J. Viscoelastic mau mea i ophthalmology. Surv.Ophthalmol. 1990; 34: 268-293. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  59. Furer, V., Wieczorek, R. L., a me Pillinger, M. H. Bilateral pinna chondritis i hele mua ʻia e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻo glucosamine chondroitin. Scand.J.Rheumatol. 2011; 40: 241-243. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  60. ʻO Chen, W. C., Yao, C. L., Chu, I. M., a me Wei, Y. H. Hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena o ka chondrogenesis e ka moʻomeheu o nā cell stem mesenchymal kanaka me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka chondroitin sulfate C. J.Biosci.Bioeng. 2011; 111: 226-231. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  61. Kato, D., Era, S., Watanabe, I., Arihara, M., Sugiura, N., Kimata, K., Suzuki, Y., Morita, K., Hidari, KI, a me Suzuki, T. Antiviral ka hana o ka chondroitin sulphate E e kuhikuhi ana i ka dengue virus envelope protein. ʻO Antiviral Res. 2010; 88: 236-243. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  62. Wandel, S., Juni, P., Tendal, B., Nuesch, E., Villiger, PM, Welton, NJ, Reichenbach, S., a me Trelle, S. Nā hopena o ka glucosamine, chondroitin, a i ʻole placebo i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis o ka ʻūlū a i ʻole ke kuli: ka hoʻoponopono-meta pūnaewele. BMJ 2010; 341: c4675. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  63. Rentsch, C., Rentsch, B., Breier, A., Spekl, K., Jung, R., Manthey, S., Scharnweber, D., Zwipp, H., a me Biewener, A. Lohe iwi lōʻihi- nā kīnā nui i mālama ʻia me nā scaffolds polycaprolactone-co-lactide i hoʻolālā ʻia i kahi kiko: kahi papa pailaka ma nā ʻiole. J.Biomed.Mater.Res.A 12-1-2010; 95: 964-972. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  64. ʻO wau, A. R., Park, Y., a me Kim, Y. S. Hoʻokaʻawale a me ke ʻano o nā chondroitin sulfates mai Stefgeon (Acipenser sinensis) a me nā hopena i ka ulu ʻana o fibroblast. Biol.Pharm.Bull. 2010; 33: 1268-1273. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  65. Sawitzke, AD, Shi, H., Finco, MF, Dunlop, DD, Harris, CL, Singer, NG, Bradley, JD, Silver, D., Jackson, CG, Lane, NE, Oddis, CV, Wolfe, F. , Lisse, J., Furst, DE, Bingham, CO, Reda, DJ, Moskowitz, RW, Williams, HJ, a me Clegg, DO Haʻi'ōlelo pono a me ka palekana o ka glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, kā lākou hui pū ʻana, celecoxib a i ʻole placebo i lawe ʻia e mālama i ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli: Nā hopena 2 makahiki mai GAIT. Ann.Rheum.Dis. 2010; 69: 1459-1464. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  66. ʻO Nickel, JC, Egerdie, RB, Steinhoff, G., Palmer, B., a me Hanno, P. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel pilot pilot review of the efficacy and safety of intravesical sodium chondroitin sulfate versus kaʻa kaohi in nā mea maʻi me ka cytititis interstitial / maʻi maʻi bladder. Urology 2010; 76: 804-809. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  67. Moller, I., Perez, M., Monfort, J., Benito, P., Cuevas, J., Perna, C., Domenech, G., Herrero, M., Montell, E., a me Verges, J. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka chondroitin sulphate i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis kuli concomitant a me ka psoriasis: kahi loiloi ʻole, pālua makapō, kahi noiʻi i mālama ʻia me kahi placebo. ʻO Osteoarthritis. 2010; 18 Hōʻuluʻulu 1: S32-S40. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  68. Egea, J., Garcia, A. G., Verges, J., Montell, E., a me Lopez, M. G. Antioxidant, antiinflam inflammatory a me nā hana neuroprotective o chondroitin sulfate a me proteoglycans. ʻO Osteoarthritis. 2010; 18 Hōʻuluʻulu 1: S24-S27. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  69. Hochberg, M. C. Hoʻololi i nā hopena o ka chondroitin sulfate i ka osteoarthritis kuli: kahi meta-analysis o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o 2 mau makahiki. ʻO Osteoarthritis. 2010; 18 Hōʻuluʻulu 1: S28-S31. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  70. Imada, K., Oka, H., Kawasaki, D., Miura, N., Sato, T., a me Ito, A. Nā hana hana anti-arthritic o ka chondroitin sulfate maoli i nā chondrocytes articular kanaka a me nā fibroblast synovial. Biol.Pharm Bull. 2010; 33: 410-414. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  71. Pavelka, K., Coste, P., Geher, P., a me Krejci, G. Ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o piascledine 300 kue i ka chondroitin sulfate i kahi mālama 6 mahina a me 2 mau mahina e nānā ana i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli. ʻO Clin.Rheumatol. 2010; 29: 659-670. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  72. Tat, S. K., Pelletier, J. P., Mineau, F., Duval, N., a me Martel-Pelletier, J. Nā ʻano loli o 3 mau chondroitin sulfate hui like ʻole i ka cartilage osteoarthritic kanaka / chondrocytes: ka pilina o ka maʻemaʻe a me ke kaʻina hana. J.Rheumatol. 2010; 37: 656-664. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  73. Lane, S. S., Naylor, D. W., Kullerstrand, L. J., Knauth, K., a me Lindstrom, R. L. Hoʻohālikelike kūpono i nā hopena o Occucoat, Viscoat, a me Healon i ke kaomi intraocular a me ka nalo ʻana o ka cell endothelial. ʻO J Cataract Refract.Surg. 1991; 17: 21-26. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  74. Jackson, CG, Plaas, AH, Sandy, JD, Hua, C., Kim-Rolands, S., Barnhill, JG, Harris, CL, a me Clegg, DO ʻO ke kanaka pharmakinetics o ke komo ʻana i ka waha o ka glucosamine a me ka chondroitin sulfate i lawe ʻokoʻa a i ʻole. i ka huikau. ʻO Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18: 297-302. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  75. ʻEleʻele, C., Clar, C., Henderson, R., MacEachern, C., McNamee, P., Quayyum, Z., Royle, P., a me Thomas, S. ʻO ke kūlana olakino o ka glucosamine a me nā chondroitin supplement i ka lohi. aiʻole hopu i ka holomua o ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli: kahi ʻōnaehana loiloi a me ka loiloi waiwai. Health Technol. Kōkua. 2009; 13: 1-148. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  76. ʻO Sasisekharan, ʻo R. lāua ʻo Shriver, Z. Mai kahi pilikia a kahi manawa kūpono: kahi kuanaʻike i ka pilikia heparin. ʻO Thromb. Haemost. 2009; 102: 854-858. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  77. Crowley, DC, Lau, FC, Sharma, P., Evans, M., Guthrie, N., Bagchi, M., Bagchi, D., Dey, DK, a me Raychaudhuri, SP Ka palekana a me ka pono o ka collagen ʻano II i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli: kahi hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo. Int.J.Med.Sci. 2009; 6: 312-321. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  78. Rainsford, K. D. Ka mea nui o ka hoʻohui lāʻau a me nā hōʻike mai nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua a me nā noiʻi lāʻau i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka chondroitin sulphate a me nā glycosaminoglycans ʻē aʻe: kahi loiloi. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009; 61: 1263-1270. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  79. Hauser, P. J., Buethe, D. A., Califano, J., Sofinowski, T. M., Culkin, D. J., a me Hurst, ʻo R. E. Hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o ka pale i ka waikawa i hōʻino ʻia e ka intravesical chondroitin sulfate. J.Urol. 2009; 182: 2477-2482. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  80. Kubo, M., Ando, ​​K., Mimura, T., Matsusue, Y., a me Mori, K. Chondroitin sulfate no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis o ka pūhaka a me ke kuli: ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO Life Sci. 9-23-2009; 85 (13-14): 477-483. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  81. Lee, Y. H., Woo, J. H., Choi, S. J., Ji, J. D., a me Song, G. G. Ka hopena o ka glucosamine a i ʻole chondroitin sulfate ma ka holomua osteoarthritis: kahi meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2010; 30: 357-363. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  82. du Souich, P., Garcia, A. G., Verges, J., a me Montell, E. Immunomodulatory a me nā hopena anti-inflammatory o ka chondroitin sulphate. J.Cell Mol.Med. 2009; 13 (8A): 1451-1463. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  83. ʻO Fthenou, E., Zong, F., Zafiropoulos, A., Dobra, K., Hjerpe, A., a me Tzanakakis, G. N. Chondroitin sulfate A e hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻopili fibrosarcoma cell, ka neʻe a me ka neʻe ʻana ma o JNK a me nā tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. I Vivo 2009; 23: 69-76. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  84. ʻO Bhattacharyya, S., Solakyildirim, K., Zhang, Z., Chen, ML, Linhardt, RJ, a me Tobacman, hoʻonui ʻo JK Cell-i hoʻopaʻa ʻia IL-8 i nā hunaola epithelial bronchial ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana o arylsulfatase B ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana me chondroitin-4- sulfate. Am.J.Respir.Cell Mol.Biol. 2010; 42: 51-61. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  85. Schulz, A., Vestweber, A. M., a me Dressler, D. [Anti-inflammatory hana o kahi hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate hoʻomākaukau i kahi in vitro bladder model]. Aktuelle Urol. 2009; 40: 109-112. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  86. ʻO David-Raoudi, M., Deschrevel, B., Leclercq, S., Galera, P., Boumediene, K., a me Pujol, ʻo JP Chondroitin sulfate e hoʻonui i ka hana hyaluronan e nā synoviocytes kanaka ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻokoʻa o nā synthases hyaluronan: Ke kuleana o p38 a Akt. ʻO Rheum Arthritis. 2009; 60: 760-770. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  87. Matsuno, H., Nakamura, H., Katayama, K., Hayashi, S., Kano, S., Yudoh, K., a me Kiso, Y. Nā hopena o ka lawelawe waha o ka glucosamine-chondroitin-quercetin glucoside ma ka synovial nā waiwai wai i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis a me ka rheumatoid arthritis. ʻO Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 2009; 73: 288-292. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  88. Kahan, A., Uebelhart, D., De, Vathaire F., Delmas, P.D., a me Reginster, J. Y. Nā hopena lōʻihi o nā chondroitins 4 a me 6 sulfate ma ke kuli osteoarthritis: ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka holomua o ka osteoarthritis, kahi makahiki ʻelua, ke kaulike ʻole ʻia, pālua makapō, kahi hoʻokolokolo i kāohi ʻia. ʻO Rheum Arthritis. 2009; 60: 524-533. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  89. Rovetta, G. Galactosaminoglycuronoglycan sulfate (matrix) i ka hoʻōla o tibiofibular osteoarthritis o ke kuli. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau Exp Clin Res 1991; 17: 53-57. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  90. Oliviero, U., Sorrentino, GP, De Paola, P., Tranfaglia, E., DʻAlessandro, A., Carifi, S., Porfido, FA, Cerio, R., Grasso, AM, Policicchio, D., a. Nā hopena o ka mālama ʻana me ka matrix i ka poʻe ʻelemākule me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa articular mau. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau Exp Clin Res 1991; 17: 45-51. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  91. Bruyere, O., Burlet, N., Delmas, P. D., Rizzoli, R., Cooper, C., a me Reginster, J. Y. ʻO ka loiloi ʻana i nā lāʻau lohi e hana i ka osteoarthritis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana GRADE. BMC.Musculoskelet.Disord. 2008; 9: 165. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  92. Theoharides, T. C., Kempuraj, D., Vakali, S., a me Sant, G. R. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka cystitis interstitial intersectial / maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi me CystoProtek - kahi oral multi-agents natural supplement. Hiki iā J Urol 2008; 15: 4410-4414. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  93. Hochberg, M. C., Zhan, M., a me Langenberg, P. Ka helu o ka emi ʻana o ke ākea ākea ākea i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me nā meta-analysis o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ʻia o chondroitin sulfate. ʻO Curr.Med.Res.Opin. 2008; 24: 3029-3035. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  94. Sawitzke, AD, Shi, H., Finco, MF, Dunlop, DD, Bingham, CO, III, Harris, CL, Singer, NG, Bradley, JD, Silver, D., Jackson, CG, Lane, NE, Oddis, CV, Wolfe, F., Lisse, J., Furst, DE, Reda, DJ, Moskowitz, RW, Williams, HJ, a me Clegg, DO Ka hopena o ka glucosamine a me / a chondroitin sulfate paha i ka holomua o ka osteoarthritis kuli: kahi hōʻike mai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana glukosamine / chondroitin arthritis hoʻokolokolo. ʻO Rheum Arthritis. 2008; 58: 3183-3191. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  95. Nickel, JC, Egerdie, B., Downey, J., Singh, R., Skehan, A., Carr, L., a me Irvine-Bird, K. He ola maoli multicentre haukapila hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻawina e loiloi i ka pono a me ka palekana. o ka sulphate chondroitin intravesical no ka mālama ʻana i ka cystitis interstitial. BJU.Int. 2009; 103: 56-60. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  96. Nordling, J. a me van, Ophoven A. Hoʻopiha hou i ka glycosaminoglycan me ka chondroitin sulphate i nā ʻano cystitis mau. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo nui multi-national, multi-center, prospective observational clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung. 2008; 58: 328-335. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  97. Theocharis, D. A., Skandalis, S. S., Noulas, A. V., Papageorgakopoulou, N., Theocharis, A. D., a me Karamanos, N. K. Hyaluronan a me chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans i ka hui supramolecular o ke kino vitreous mammalian. Hoʻohui. Pūnaewele Res. 2008; 49: 124-128. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  98. ʻO Fosang, A. J. a me Little, C. B. ʻIke lāʻau: aggrecanases ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono therapeutic no ka osteoarthritis. Nat.Clin.Pract.Rheumatol. 2008; 4: 420-427. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  99. Praveen, M. R., Koul, A., Vasavada, A. R., Pandita, D., Dixit, N. V., a me Dahodwala, F. F. DisCoVisc kue i ke ʻano pāheʻe palupalu e hoʻohana ana iā Viscoat a me Provisc i ka phacoemulsification: hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻia. ʻO J.Cataract Refract.Surg. 2008; 34: 1145-1151. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  100. Dudics, V., Kunstar, A., Kovacs, J., Lakatos, T., Geher, P., Gomor, B., Monostori, E., a me Uher, F. Chondrogenic hiki ke loaʻa i nā mesenchymal stem cells mai nā mea maʻi me ka rheumatoid arthritis a me ka osteoarthritis: nā ana i kahi ʻōnaehana microculture. Nā Pūnaewele Kelepona. ʻOkakopa 2009; 189: 307-316. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  101. Porru, D., Cervigni, M., Nasta, L., Natale, F., Lo, Voi R., Tinelli, C., Gardella, B., Anghileri, A., Spinillo, A., a me Rovereto, B . Nā hopena o ka enducesical hyaluronic acid / chondroitin sulfate i ka mālama ʻana i ka Interstitial Cystitis / Painful Bladder Syndrome. Rev. Clinical Clin. Nānā 2008; 3: 126-129. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  102. Cervigni, M., Natale, F., Nasta, L., Padoa, A., Voi, R. L., a me Porru, D. A therapy intravesical hui pū me ka hyaluronic acid a me chondroitin no ka refactory pain bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis. Int.Urogynecol.J.Pelvic.Floor. Hoʻopau. 2008; 19: 943-947. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  103. Zhang, W., Moskowitz, RW, Nuki, G., Abramson, S., Altman, RD, Arden, N., Bierma-Zeinstra, S., Brandt, KD, Croft, P., Doherty, M., Dougados , M., Hochberg, M., Hunter, DJ, Kwoh, K., Lohmander, LS, a me Tugwell, P. OARSI mau ʻōlelo paipai no ka mālama ʻana i ka hip a me ke kuli osteoarthritis, ʻĀpana II: nā kumu hōʻike o OARSI, nā alakaʻi ʻae loea. ʻO Osteoarthritis. 2008; 16: 137-162. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  104. Rainer, G., Stifter, E., Luksch, A., a me Menapace, R. Hoʻohālikelike i ka hopena o Viscoat a me DuoVisc ma ke kaomi intraocular postoperative ma hope o ke kaha ʻana o ka cataract incision liʻiliʻi. ʻO J.Cataract Refract.Surg. 2008; 34: 253-257. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  105. Laroche, L., Arrata, M., Brasseur, G., Lagoutte, F., Le Mer, Y., Lumbroso, P., Mercante, M., Normand, F., Rigal, D., Roncin, S. , a. [Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka maʻi maka maloʻo me ka gel lacrimal: kahi noiʻi multicenter randomized]. J Fr.Ophtalmol. 1991; 14: 321-326. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  106. Conte, A., de Bernardi, M., Palmieri, L., Lualdi, P., Mautone, G., a me Ronca, G. ʻO ka hopena Metabolic o ka exogenous chondroitin sulfate i loko o ke kanaka. Arzneimittelforschung. 1991; 41: 768-772. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  107. ʻO Bana, G., Jamard, B., Verrouil, E., a me Mazieres, B. Chondroitin sulfate i ka mālama ʻana o ka hip a me ke kuli osteoarthritis: kahi nānā. Adv.Pharmacol. 2006; 53: 507-522. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  108. ʻO Mazieres, B., Hucher, M., Zaim, M., a me Garnero, P. Ka hopena o ka chondroitin sulphate i loko o ka osteoarthritis kuli symptomat: kahi multicentre, randomized, double-blind, kahi hoʻomalu placebo-kāohi ʻia. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66: 639-645. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  109. ʻO Braun, W. A., Flynn, M. G., Armstrong, W. J., a me Jacks, D. D. Nā hopena o ka chondroitin sulfate supplementation ma nā hōʻike o ka hōʻino nāʻiʻo i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka lima lima eccentric. J.Sports Med.Phys. Meaʻike 2005; 45: 553-560. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  110. ʻO Michel, BA, Stucki, G., Frey, D., De, Vathaire F., Vignon, E., Bruehlmann, P., a me Uebelhart, D. Chondroitins 4 a me 6 sulfate i ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli: kahi randomized, kāohi ʻia hoʻokolokolo. ʻO Rheum Arthritis. 2005; 52: 779-786. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  111. Rovetta, G., Monteforte, P., Molfetta, G., a me Balestra, V. Ke aʻo ʻelua makahiki o ka chondroitin sulfate i ka osteoarthritis erosive o nā lima: ka lawena o nā erosion, osteophytes, ka ʻeha a me ka hana ʻole o ka lima. Hoʻopau nā lāʻau lapaʻau iā Clin Clin 2004; 30: 11-16. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  112. Mathieu, P. [Holomua o ka radiology o loko o femeo-tibial osteoarthritis i gonarthrosis. Ka hopena palekana-chondroitin sulfates ACS4-ACS6]. Presse Med 9-14-2002; 31: 1386-1390. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  113. Volpi, N. bioavailability oral o chondroitin sulfate (Condrosulf) a me nā mea i koho ʻia i nā kāne manawaleʻa olakino. ʻO Osteoarthritis. 2002; 10: 768-777. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  114. Rovetta, G., Monteforte, P., Molfetta, G., a me Balestra, V. Chondroitin sulfate i ka osteoarthritis erosive o nā lima. Hana ʻia ʻo Int J Tissue. 2002; 24: 29-32. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  115. Steinhoff, G., Ittah, B., a me Rowan, S. Ka hopena o ka chondroitin sulfate 0.2% i ka mālama ʻana i ka cystitis interstitial. Hiki iā J Urol 2002; 9: 1454-1458. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  116. O'Rourke, M. Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka pono o ka glucosamine a me ka chondroitin no ka osteoarthritis. Hana Hana Kahu 2001; 26: 44-52. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  117. [Nā hopena maikaʻi o Chondrosulf 400 ma ka ʻeha a me ka hana articular i ka arthrosis: kahi meta-analysis]. Presse Med 2000; 29 (27 Suppl): 19-20. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  118. [Ke aʻo multicenter ʻEulopa e pili ana i ka pono o chondroitin sulfate i gonarthrosis: kahi nānā hou i nā hopena biochemical a me radiologic]. Presse Med 2000; 29 (27 Suppl): 15-18. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  119. Alekseeva, L. I., Benevolenskaia, L. I., Nasonov, E. L., Chichasova, N. V., a me Kariakin, A. N. [Structum (chondroitin sulfate) - kahi agena hou no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthrosis]. ʻO Ter.Arkh. 1999; 71: 51-53. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  120. Schwartz SR, Park J. ʻAe ʻana o BioCell Collagen, kahi puke hydrolised moa sternal cartilage i unuhi ʻia; hoʻonui ka microcirculation koko a hoʻēmi i nā ʻōuli ʻelemakule o ke alo. ʻO Clin Interv Aging. 2012; 7: 267-273. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  121. ʻO Schauss AG, Stenehjem J, Park J, Endres JR, Clewell A. Ka hopena o ka puke haʻahaʻa i ka mole mole hydrolyzed chicken sternal cartilage extract, BioCell Collagen, i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻōuli e pili ana i ka osteoarthritis: kahi hoʻokolohua, makapō makapō, hoʻokolokolo ʻia me ka placebo. ʻO J Agric Meaʻai Kemika. 2012; 60: 4096-4101. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  122. Kalman DS, Schwartz HI, Pachon J, Sheldon E, Almada AL. ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kaulua kaulike loiloi i ka palekana a me ka pono o hydrolyzed collagen ʻano II i nā mākua me ka osteoarthritis. FASEB Hoʻokolohua Biology 2004 Abstracts, Wakinekona DC, ʻApelila 17-21, 2004; A90.
  123. Verges J, Montell E, Herrero M, et al. Nā hoʻomaikaʻi lapaʻau a me nā histopathological i ka psoriasis me ka chondroitin sulfate waha: kahi loaʻa serendipitous. Dermatol Pūnaewele J 2005; 11:31. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  124. ʻO Burke S, Sugar J, Farber MD. Hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena o ʻelua mau mea viscoelastic, Healon a me Viscoat ma ke kaomi intraocular postoperative ma hope o ke komo ʻana i keratoplasty. ʻOihana Surf 1990; 21: 821-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  125. Zhang YX, Dong W, Liu H, et al. Nā hopena o ka chondroitin sulfate a me ka glucosamine i nā poʻe maʻi makua me ka maʻi Kashin-Beck. ʻO Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29: 357-62. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  126. Gauruder-Burmester A, Popken G. Hahai ma 24 mau mahina ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka bladder overactive me ka 0.2% sodium chondroitin sulfate. Aktuelle Urol 2009; 40: 355-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  127. Uebelhart D, Knussel O, Theiler R. Ka hoʻokō ʻana a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i kahi pūkana chondroitin sulfate waha i ka osteoarthritis kuli ʻeha. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1999; 129: 1174.
  128. Leeb BF, Pedro P, Neumann K. Nā hopena o kahi noiʻi multicenter e pili ana i ka chondroitin sulfate (Condrosulf) e hoʻohana ai i ka arthrosis o ka manamana lima, ke kuli a me nā hui pūhaka. Wien Med Wochenschr 1996; 146: 609-14. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  129. ʻO Gabay C, Medinger-Sadowski C, Gascon D, et al. Ka hopena o ka chondroitin 4 a me ka chondroitin 6 sulfate ma ka osteoarthritis lima: kahi randomized, double-blind, placebo-control clinical trial ma kahi kikowaena hoʻokahi. Pākuʻi Rheum. 2011; 63: 3383-91. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  130. Yue QY, Strandell J, Myrberg O. Hoʻohana like ʻia o glucosamine i ka hopena o warfarin. Ke kikowaena nānā ʻo Uppsala. Loaʻa ma: www.who-umc.org/graphics/9722.pdf (Loaʻa iā 28 ʻApelila 2008).
  131. ʻO Knudsen J, Sokol GH. ʻO ka pilina glucosamine-warfarin e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka lakio normalized international: Hōʻike hihia a me ka loiloi o ka puke a me ka waihona MedWatch. 2008, 28: 540-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  132. ʻO Reichenbach S, Sterchi R, Scherer M, et al. Meta-analysis: chondroitin no ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli a i ʻole ka uha. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146: 580-90. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  133. Messier SP, Mihalko S, Loeser RF, et al. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Glucosamine / chondroitin me ka hoʻoikaika kino no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis kuli: kahi loiloi mua. ʻO Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15: 1256-66. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  134. Kahan A. STOPP (Ke aʻo ma Osteoarthritis Holomua Holomua): kahi hoʻokolokolo hou ʻelua mau makahiki me chondroitin 4 & 6 sulfate (CS). Loaʻa ma: www.ibsa-ch.com/eular_2006_amsterdam_vignon-2.pdf (Loaʻa iā 25 ʻApelila 2007).
  135. Huang J, Olivenstein R, Taha R, et al. Hoʻonui i ka proteoglycan deposition i loko o ka airway paia o atopic asthmatics. ʻO Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 725-9. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  136. Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Harris CL, et al. ʻO Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, a me nā mea ʻelua i ka hui pū ʻia no ka osteoarthritis kuli ʻeha. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 795-808. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  137. Uebelhart D, Malaise M, Marcolongo R, et al. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻana i ka osteoarthritis kuli me ka sulfate chondroitin waha: Hoʻokahi makahiki, randomize, double-blind, multicenter study versus placebo. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004; 12: 269-76. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  138. Sakko AJ, Ricciardelli C, Mayne K, et al. Hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate i ka matrix e ka ʻōlelo ʻohana. ʻO Reser Res. 2003; 63: 4786-91. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  139. Rozenfeld V, Crain JL, Callahan AK. Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena warfarin e glucosamine-chondroitin. ʻO Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004; 61: 306-307. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  140. Di Caro A, Perola E, Bartolini B, et al. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā galactosaminoglycan sulphates chemically i ʻekolu mau virus i hoʻopuni ʻia: type 1 ka maʻi pale maʻi kanaka, herpes simplex virus type 1 a me kanaka cytomegalovirus. Antivir Chem Chemother 1999; 10: 33-8 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  141. ʻO Danao-Camara T. Nā hopena hopena o ka mālama ʻana me ka glucosamine a me ka chondroitin. Pākuʻi Rheum 2000; 43: 2853. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  142. ʻO Cohen M, Wolfe R, Mai T, Lewis D. He hoʻokolohua kaulike ʻia, pālua makapō, kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ʻia o kahi kalima topical e loaʻa ana i ka sulfosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, a me camphor no ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 523-8 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  143. Baici A, Horler D, Moser B, et al. Ka nānā ʻana i nā glycosaminoglycans i ka serum kanaka ma hope o ka lawelawe waha ʻana o chondroitin sulfate. Rheumatol Int 1992; 12: 81-8 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  144. Richy F, Bruyere O, Ethgen O, et al. ʻO ke kūpono a me nā hōʻailona o ka glucosamine a me ka chondroitin i ka osteoarthritis kuli: kahi meta-analysis piha. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 1514-22. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  145. ʻO Henry-Launois B. Ka loiloi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hopena kālā o Chondrosulf 400 i ka hana olakino o kēia manawa. Mahele o nā hana o kahi ʻepekema Symposium i mālama ʻia ma ka XIth EULAR Symposium: Nā ala hou i ka OA: Chondroitin sulfate (CS 4 & 6) ʻaʻole wale kahi lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO Geneva, 1998.
  146. ʻO Verbruggen G, Goemaere S, Veys EM. Nā ʻōnaehana e loiloi i ka holomua o ka manamana lima osteoarthritis a me nā hopena o ka maʻi e hoʻololi ana i nā lāʻau osteoarthritis. ʻO Clin Rheumatol 2002; 21: 231-43. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  147. ʻO Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Hoʻopili ka hānō e pili pū ana me ka waihona hoʻohui glucosamine-chondroitin. J Am Board Fam Practice 2002; 15: 481-4 .. Nānā i ka abstract.
  148. Ricciardelli C, Quinn DI, Raymond WA, et al. ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka peritumoral chondroitin sulfate e wānana i ka wānana maikaʻi ʻole i nā mea maʻi i mālama ʻia e ka prostatectomy radical no ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate ma mua. ʻOihana Res 1999; 59: 2324-8. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  149. Ylisastigui L, Bakri Y, Amzazi S, et al. Nā glycosaminoglycans soluble Mai hoʻōla i ka hana antiviral RANTES i ka maʻi o nā macrophages mua e ka maʻi maʻi pale maʻi maʻi maʻi 1. Virology 2000; 278: 412-22. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  150. Adebowale AO, Cox DS, Liang Z, et al. Ka Ikepili o ka glukosamine a me ka chondroitin sulfate ʻike i nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia a me ka Caco-2 hiki ke loaʻa i nā chondroitin sulfate mea maka. JANA 2000; 3: 37-44.
  151. Cao LC, Boeve ER, de Bruijn WC, et al. ʻO Glycosaminoglycans a me semisynthetic sulfated polysaccharides: kahi nānā o kā lākou hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maʻi me nā urolithiasis. Urology 1997; 50: 173-83. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  152. Morrison LM. Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai arteriosclerotic coronary me ka chondroitin sulfate-A: hōʻike mua. ʻO J Am Geriatr Soc 1968; 16: 779-85. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  153. Morrison LM, Bajwa GS, Alfin-Slater RB, Ershoff BH. Ka pale ʻana i nā lehelehe vascular e chondroitin sulfate A i ke aʻa coronary a me nā aorta o nāʻiole i hoʻokomo ʻia e kahi hypervitaminosis D, ka papaʻai kolesterol. Atherosclerosis 1972; 16: 105-18. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  154. Mazieres B, Combe B, Phan Van A, et al. ʻO Chondroitin sulfate i ka osteoarthritis o ke kuli: kahi prospective, pālua makapō, kahi placebo e mālama ʻia i kahi noiʻi lapaʻau multicenter. ʻO J Rheumatol 2001; 28: 173-81. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  155. ʻO Das A Jr, Hammad TA. Ka maikaʻi o kahi hui pū o FCHG49 glucosamine hydrochloride, TRH122 haʻahaʻa molaki liʻiliʻi sodium chondroitin sulfate a me manganese ascorbate i ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis kuli. ʻO Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2000; 8: 343-50. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  156. Papa Hoʻolālā Meaʻai a me Nutr, Institute of Medicine. Nā ʻai kuhikuhi papaʻai no ka Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, a me Zinc. Wakinekona, DC: National Academy Press, 2002. Loaʻa ma: www.nap.edu/books/0309072794/html/.
  157. ʻO Pipitone VR. ʻO Chondroprotection me ka chondroitin sulfate. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau Exp Clin Res 1991; 17: 3-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  158. Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG, et al. ʻO ka Glucosamine, chondroitin, a me ka manganese ascorbate no ka maʻi ami degenerative o ke kuli a i ʻole ke kua haʻahaʻa: kahi papa pilo, makapō makapō, kahi placebo-kāohi pailota. Mil Med 1999; 164: 85-91. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  159. Silvestro L, Lanzarotti E, Marchi E, et al. ʻO nā kanaka pharmacokinetics o glycosaminoglycans e hoʻohana ana i nā inoa inoa deuterium a me nā mea ʻole inoa ʻole: hōʻike no ka lawe ʻana o ka waha. Semin Thromb Hemost 1994; 20: 281-92. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  160. Conte A, Volpi N, Palmieri L, et al. ʻO nā mea biochemical a me nā pharmacokinetic o ka mālama waha me ka chondroitin sulfate. Arzneimittelforschung 1995; 45: 918-25. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  161. Ronca F, Palmieri L, Panicucci P, et al. ʻO ka hana anti-inflammatory o chondroitin sulfate. ʻO Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998; 6 Hōʻawi A: 14-21. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  162. Andermann G, Dietz M. Ke ʻano o ke ala o ka hoʻokele ma ka bioavailability o kahi macromolecule endogenous: chondroitin sulphate (CSA). ʻO Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1982; 7: 11-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  163. Conte A, de Bernardi M, Palmieri L, et al. ʻO ka hopena Metabolic o ka exogenous chondroitin sulfate i loko o ke kanaka. Arzneimittelforschung 1991; 41: 768-72. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  164. ʻO McAlindon TE, MP MP LaValley, ʻo Gulin JP, ʻo Felson DT. ʻO Glucosamine a me chondroitin no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis: kahi loiloi e like me ka ʻōnaehana a me nā meta-analysis. JAMA 2000; 283: 1469-75. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  165. Limberg MB, McCaa C, Kissling GE, Kaufman HE. Hoʻohana kumuhana o ka hyaluronic acid a me ka chondroitin sulfate i ka mālama ʻana i nā maka maloʻo. ʻO Am J Ophthalmol 1987; 103: 194-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  166. ʻO Kelly GS. Ke kuleana o ka glucosamine sulfate a me ka chondroitin sulfates i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hui degenerative. Altern Med Rev 1998; 3: 27-39. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  167. ʻO Bucsi L, Poor G. Ka pono a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate waha ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hōʻailona lohi no ka osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) i ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis kuli. ʻO Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998; 6 Hōʻawi A: 31-6. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  168. ʻO Bourgeois P, Chales G, Dehais J, et al. Ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka chondroitin sulfate 1200 mg / lā vs chondroitin sulfate 3 x 400 mg / lā vs placebo. ʻO Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998; 6: 25-30. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  169. Uebelhart D, Thonar EJ, Delmas PD, et al. Nā hopena o ka chondroitin sulfate waha ma ka holomua o ka osteoarthritis kuli: kahi aʻo pailaka. ʻO Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998; 6: 39-46. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  170. Morrison LM, Enrick N. Coronary maʻi puʻuwai: hōʻemi o ka make ma o chondroitin sulfate A. Angiology 1973; 24: 269-87. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  171. ʻO Lewis CJ. Palapala e haʻi hou aku i kekahi olakino olakino a me ka palekana i nā ʻoihana e hana ana a i ʻole ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha papaʻai i loaʻa i nā kikoʻī bovine kikoʻī.ʻO FDA. Loaʻa ma: www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dspltr05.html.
  172. ʻO Leeb BF, Schweitzer H, Montag K, Smolen JS. ʻO kahi meta-analysis o chondroitin sulfate i ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis. ʻO J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 205-11. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  173. ʻO Bagasra O, Whittle P, Heins B, Pomerantz RJ. ʻO ka anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ka hana o sulfated monosaccharides: hoʻohālikelike me nā polysaccharides sulfated a me nā poli ʻē aʻe. ʻO J Infect Dis 1991; 164: 1082-90. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  174. Jurkiewicz E, Panse P, Jentsch KD, et al. ʻO ka hana vitro anti-HIV-1 o chondroitin polysulphate. ʻO AIDS 1989; 3: 423-7. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  175. ʻO Chavez ML. ʻO Glucosamine sulfate a me chondroitin sulfates. Hosp Pharm 1997; 32: 1275-85.
  176. Mazieres B, Loyau G, Menkes CJ, et al. [Chondroitin sulfate i ka mālama ʻana i ka gonarthrosis a me ka coxarthrosis. Nā hopena 5-mahina o kahi multicenter pālua makapō e mālama ʻia i ka prospective study e hoʻohana ana i ka placebo]. ʻO Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 1992; 59: 466-72. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  177. ʻO Conrozier T. [Nā hana anti-arthrosis: ka pono a me ke ahonui o nā chondroitin sulfates]. Presse Med 1998; 27: 1862-5. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
  178. Morreale P, Manopulo R, Galati M, et al. Hoʻohālikelike o ka hopena anti-inflammatory o chondroitin sulfate a me diclofenac sodium i nā mea maʻi me ka osteoarthritis kuli. ʻO J Rheumatol 1996; 23: 1385-91. Nānā kiʻi ʻole.
Nānā hope - 02/20/2020

Koho O Nā Mea Heluhelu

I kaʻu mau keiki: Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻoe iaʻu

I kaʻu mau keiki: Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻoe iaʻu

Ke hele nei mai ka manaʻoʻiʻo ua ʻike wau i nā mea āpau i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o kaʻu ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole maʻalahi, akā hoʻomau kaʻu mau keiki e kōkua iaʻu e loli. ʻIke wau i kā lākou e ʻōle...
ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana iā Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Hughes Syndrome)

ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana iā Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Hughes Syndrome)

Hōʻike OverviewʻO Hughe yndrome, i ʻike ʻia ʻo " ticky Blood yndrome" a i ʻole antipho pholipid yndrome (AP ), kahi ʻano autoimmune e hoʻopili i ke ala e hoʻopaʻa pū ai kāu mau hunaola koko...