ʻO ka "Pandemi Nui loa i ka Mōʻaukala" 100 mau makahiki i hala aku nei - Akā hapa mau o mākou e kiʻi hewa i nā ʻike kumu

Anter

• 1. No Sepania ka maʻi ahulau
• 2. ʻO ka maʻi ahulau ka hana a super-virus
• 3. ʻO ka nalu mua o ke ahulau ka mea make loa
• 4. Pepehi ka maʻi maʻi i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i pā pū me ia
• 5. ʻAʻohe hopena iki o nā lā o ka lā i ka maʻi
• 6. Ua hoʻomalu ka maʻi ahulau i nā nūhou o ka lā
• 7. Ua hoʻololi ka maʻi ahulau i ke ʻano o ke Kaua Honua Honua
• 8. Ua hoʻopau ka maʻi ākea ākea i ka maʻi ahulau
• 9. ʻAʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka maʻi
• 10. Hāʻawi ka maʻi ahulau 1918 i kekahi mau haʻawina no ka 2018

Hoʻopili mākou i nā huahana a mākou e manaʻo nei he pono no kā mākou poʻe heluhelu. Inā kūʻai ʻoe ma o nā loulou i kēia ʻaoʻao, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kōmike liʻiliʻi. Eia kā mākou hana.

ʻO kēia makahiki ka makahiki 100 o ka maʻi ahulau nui o 1918. Ma waena o 50 a me 100 miliona mau kānaka i manaʻo ʻia ua make, e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 5 pākēneka o ko ka honua heluna kanaka. Ua maʻi ka hapalua biliona mau kānaka.

ʻO ka mea kupaianaha nō ka predilection o ka maʻi flu 1918 no ka lawe ʻana i nā ola o nā ʻōpio makua olakino ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa i nā keiki a me nā ʻelemākule, ka mea e ʻehaʻeha loa. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi ʻo ia ka maʻi ahulau nui loa ma ka mōʻaukala.

He kumuhana maʻamau ka wānana flu 1918 ma luna o ke kenekulia i hala. Ua holomua nā mōʻaukala a me nā ʻepekema i nā kuhiakau he nui e pili ana i kona kumu, ka hoʻolaha a me nā hopena. A ʻo kahi hopena, nui nā manaʻo kuhi hewa e pili ana iā ia.

Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau kaʻao he 10, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo pono i ka mea i hana maoli ʻia a aʻo i ka pehea e pale aku ai a hoʻoemi i ia mau pōpilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

1. No Sepania ka maʻi ahulau

ʻAʻohe mea e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Spanish flu" i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Sepania.

Ua loaʻa paha kēia maʻi kapakapa i kēia inoa kapakapa ma muli o ke Kaua Honua Honua, ke holo nei i kēlā manawa. Ua makemake nui nā ʻāina nui i komo i loko o ke kaua e hōʻalo i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ko lākou ʻenemi, no laila ua kāohi ʻia nā hōʻike o ka nui o ka flu ma Kelemania, ʻAukekulia, Palani, ke Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. malalo o na wahī. ʻO ia ka mea i manaʻo hewa ʻole e lawe ana ʻo Sepania i ka nui o ka maʻi.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nei ke kumu ʻāina o ka maʻi flu a hiki i kēia lā, ʻoiai ke kuhiakau ʻana ua hōʻike ʻo Asia Hikina, ʻEulopa a me Kansas pū kekahi.

2. ʻO ka maʻi ahulau ka hana a super-virus

Ua laha wikiwiki ka maʻi flu 1918, a ua luku ʻia he 25 miliona mau kānaka i loko o nā malama ʻeono wale nō. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kekahi e makaʻu i ka hopena o ke kanaka, a ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ka manaʻo e lethal ke ʻano o ka maʻi palū.

Eia nō naʻe, ke hōʻike nei kahi noiʻi hou loa nei ʻo ka maʻi hoʻomaʻamaʻa ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka make ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā mea i hoʻokumu i nā maʻi ahulau i nā makahiki ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka make kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka lehulehu i nā pūʻali koa a me nā wahi kaiāulu, a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, i loaʻa i ka wā o ka wā kaua. Manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka hapa nui o nā make ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi bacteria i nā maʻi māmā i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia e ka maʻi influenza.

3. ʻO ka nalu mua o ke ahulau ka mea make loa

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka nalu mua o ka make mai ka maʻi ahulau i ka hapa mua o 1918 ua haʻahaʻa.

Ma ka nalu ʻelua, mai ʻOkakopa a i Kekemapa o kēlā makahiki, i ʻike ʻia nā helu make kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ke kolu o ka nalu i ka puna o 1919 ka mea i ʻoi aku ka make ma mua o ka mua akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lua.

Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema i kēia manawa ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka make ma ka nalu ʻelua ma muli o nā kūlana i makemake ʻia e hoʻolaha i kahi kānana make. Noho ka poʻe me nā hihia ʻoluʻolu i ka home, akā ʻo ka poʻe me nā hihia koʻikoʻi e ʻākoakoa pinepine ʻia i nā haukapila a me nā kahua hoʻomoana, e hoʻonui ana i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kahi maʻi make o ka maʻi.

4. Pepehi ka maʻi maʻi i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i pā pū me ia

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ola ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi flu 1918. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka make ma waena o ka poʻe maʻi i 20 pākēneka.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā helu make ma waena o nā hui like ʻole. Ma ka US, ua kiʻekiʻe ka make ma waena o nā lāhui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma muli paha o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā maʻi o ka maʻi influenza i hala. I kekahi mau hihia, ua luku ʻia nā kaiāulu ʻōiwi holoʻokoʻa.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo 20 pākēneka o ka make i ʻoi nui loa, kahi e luku ai ma lalo o hoʻokahi pakeneka o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi.

5. ʻAʻohe hopena iki o nā lā o ka lā i ka maʻi

ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā kūikawā anti-viral therapies i ka maʻi o 1918 flu. ʻO ia nō ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nui i kēia lā, kahi e mālama ai ka hapanui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea maʻi, ma mua o ka hoʻōla ʻana iā lākou.

Hōʻike kekahi kuhiakau he hiki i nā make flu he nui ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻawa aspirin. Paipai nā luna olakino i kēlā me kēia manawa i nā lāʻau nui o ka aspirin a hiki i 30 gram i kēlā me kēia lā. I kēia lā, ma kahi o ʻehā mau kolamu e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka palekana ʻoi loa o kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i nā lāʻau nui o ka aspirin ke alakaʻi i nā ʻōuli o ka pandemia, me ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe.

Eia nō naʻe, ua like ke kiʻekiʻe o ka make ma kekahi mau wahi o ka honua kahi i loaʻa ʻole ka aspirin, no laila hoʻomau ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa.

6. Ua hoʻomalu ka maʻi ahulau i nā nūhou o ka lā

ʻO nā luna olakino lehulehu, nā luna mālama kānāwai a me nā mea kālaiʻāina he mau kumu i ka nui o ka maʻi flu 1918, a ʻo ia ka hopena o ka liʻiliʻi o ka uhi ʻana i ka nūpepa. Ma waho aʻe o ka makaʻu i ka hoʻolaha piha ʻana i mea e ikaika ai ka ʻenemi i ka wā o ka wā kaua, makemake lākou e mālama i ka lehulehu a pale i ka makaʻu.

Eia naʻe, ua pane nā luna. I ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi ahulau, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā quarantine ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui. Ua koi ʻia kekahi e kaohi i nā lawelawe kūpono, e like me ka mākaʻi a me ke ahi.

7. Ua hoʻololi ka maʻi ahulau i ke ʻano o ke Kaua Honua Honua

ʻAʻole paha i loli ka flu i ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua Honua, no ka mea ua like ka pā ʻana o nā mea hakakā ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kahua kaua.

Eia nō naʻe, kānalua iki ka holo ʻana o ke kaua. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo nui ʻana i nā pūʻali koa he miliona i hoʻokumu i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano ʻino a me ka laha a puni ka hona.

8. Ua hoʻopau ka maʻi ākea ākea i ka maʻi ahulau

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi palū e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei i kēia mau lā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ma 1918, a no laila ʻaʻole hana iki i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻi ahulau.

ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi flu i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi pale. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā koa i lawelawe i ka pūʻali koa no nā makahiki i loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa o ka make ma mua o ka poʻe hou.

Hoʻohui ʻia, ua loli paha ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe wikiwiki i ka manawa a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano lethal. Wanana ʻia kēia e nā hiʻohiʻona o ke koho kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ka liki ʻana o nā lethal ʻino i ka mea wikiwiki i kā lākou mea hoʻokipa, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pālahalaha maʻalahi e like me ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano lethal.

9. ʻAʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka maʻi

I ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻolaha ka poʻe noiʻi ua hoʻoholo pono lākou i ke kaʻina o ka maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi 1918 influenza. Ua kiʻi ʻia ka maʻi maʻi mai ke kino o ka maʻi palū i kanu ʻia i loko o ka permafrost o Alaska, a me nā laʻana o nā koa ʻAmelika i maʻi i kēlā manawa.

I ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi me ka maʻi e hōʻike i nā ʻōuli i mālama ʻia i ka wā o ke ahulau. Hōʻike nā noiʻi ua make nā ʻīlio ke kūpikipiki loa ko lākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi i ka maʻi hoʻomaʻi, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "cytokine storm." Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka like ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale pale i ka nui o ka make ma waena o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio olakino ʻole i 1918.

10. Hāʻawi ka maʻi ahulau 1918 i kekahi mau haʻawina no ka 2018

Kū pinepine nā maʻi maʻi influenza i kēlā me kēia. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea he nīnau hou ka mea aʻe ʻaʻole no "inā" akā "ahea."

ʻOiai hiki i kekahi mau mea ola ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka maʻi ahulau nui o 1918, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana i kāna mau haʻawina, mai ke kumu kūʻai o ka holoi lima ʻana a me nā pale ʻana a hiki i ka hiki i nā lāʻau anti-viral. I kēia lā ua ʻike hou e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale a mālama ʻana i nā maʻi he nui a me ka make e hiki ai, a hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau ʻalopika, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i 1918, e hakakā i nā maʻi bacterial lua. Aia paha ka manaʻolana maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā kūlana o ka nohona, kahi e hiki ai i nā mea maʻi ke pale aku i ka maʻi.

No ka wā e hiki mai ana, e noho mau nā maʻi palahī i hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻina o ke ola kanaka. Ma ke ʻano he kaiāulu, hiki wale iā mākou ke manaʻolana ua aʻo mākou i nā haʻawina o ka maʻi ahulau nui e lawa pono ai e kinai i kekahi mea ʻino a puni ka honua.

Ua hōʻike mua ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma The Conversation.

ʻO Richard Gunderman ke Kumu Nui o ka Radiology, Pediatrics, Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Lapaʻau, Philosophy, Liberal Arts, Philanthropy, a me Medical Humanities a me nā Haʻawina Ola ma ke Kulanui o Indiana.