ʻO Gonorrhea

ʻO Gonorrhea kahi maʻi lele i pili i ka moekolohe (STI).

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Gonorrhea e ka bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Hiki i kekahi ʻano moekolohe ke hoʻolaha i ka gonorrhea. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma o ka launa ʻana me ka waha, ka ʻāʻī, nā maka, ka urethra, ka ʻōpū, ka peni, a me ka anus.

ʻO Gonorrhea ka lua o nā maʻi maʻamau i hōʻike pinepine ʻia. Ma kahi o 330,000 mau hihia e kū nei i ka United States i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Ulu ka bacteria i nā wahi mehana, a pulu o ke kino. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopili i ka paipu e lawe i ka mimi mai ke kino (urethra). I nā wahine, ʻike ʻia ka bacteria i loko o ka tract reproductive (ʻo ia hoʻi nā paipu fallopian, uterus, a me ka cervix). Hiki ke ulu ka bacteria i nā maka.

Koi ʻia nā lawelawe lawelawe olakino e ke kānāwai e haʻi i ka Papa Ola o ka Mokuʻāina e pili ana i nā hihia āpau o ka gonorrhea. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia kānāwai e ʻike pono i ke kanaka i ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama pono ʻana. Pono e ʻike a hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hoa kolohe.

E hoʻomohala paha ʻoe i kēia maʻi inā:

• He mau hoa moe kolohe kāu.
• He hoa kāu me ka mōʻaukala i hala o kekahi STI.
• ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi condom i ka wā o ka moekolohe.
• Hana ʻino ʻoe i ka wai ʻona a me nā mea kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka gonorrhea 2 a 5 mau lā ma hope o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokahi mahina paha ka lōʻihi e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻōuli i nā kāne.

ʻAʻohe o kekahi poʻe i hōʻailona. ʻAʻole paha lākou i ʻike ua loaʻa lākou i ka maʻi, no laila mai ʻimi i ka lāʻau. Hoʻonui kēia i ka makaʻi o nā pilikia a me nā manawa o ka hele ʻana i ka maʻi i kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻōuli i ke kāne:

• ʻO ke ahi a me ka ʻeha ʻoiai e mimiki ana
• Pono e mimiki wikiwiki a i ʻole pinepine
• Hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka peni (keʻokeʻo, melemele, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala)
• Wehe a pehu paha o ka peni (urethra)
• Hōʻike hualoaʻa a pehu paha
• ʻO ka puʻu maʻi (gonococcal pharyngitis)

Hiki i nā hōʻailona i nā wahine ke akahai loa. Hiki ke kuhihewa lākou no kekahi ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• ʻO ke ahi a me ka ʻeha ʻoiai e mimiki ana
• Eha ka 'ā'ī
• Moekolohe ʻeha
• ʻEha ʻeha ma lalo o ka ʻōpū (inā hoʻolaha ka maʻi i nā paipu fallopian a me nā wahi kōpū)
• Fever (inā hoʻolaha ka maʻi i nā paipu fallopian a me nā wahi kōpū)
• Ke kahe ʻana o ka uterine maʻamau
• Kahe ma hope o ka moekolohe
• Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ke kino ʻōpū me ka waiho ʻana i ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele a ʻaʻala hoʻi

Inā pālahalaha ka maʻi i ke kahe o ke koko, e komo pū nā hōʻailona me:

• Fiva
• Rash
• Nā ʻōuli e like me ka arthritis

Hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia ʻo Gonorrhea e ka nānā ʻana i kahi hāpana o ka hoʻokuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​mea ma lalo o ka microscope. Kapa ʻia kēia he stain gram. Wikiwiki kēia hana, akā ʻaʻole ia ka maopopo loa.

ʻIke loa ʻia ʻo Gonorrhea me nā hoʻokolohua DNA. He mea maikaʻi nā hoʻāʻo DNA no ka kānana ʻana. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o ka kaulahao ligase (LCR) kekahi o nā hoʻāʻo. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā hoʻokolohua DNA ma mua o nā moʻomeheu. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo ʻana ma nā hāpana mimi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma mua o nā laʻana mai ka wahi genital.

Ma mua o nā hoʻokolohua DNA, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā moʻomeheu (nā hunaola e ulu ana i loko o kahi pā lab) i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka gonorrhea, akā ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i kēia manawa.

Lawe pinepine ʻia nā laʻana no ka moʻomeheu mai ka cervix, pūnana, urethra, anus, a me ka ʻāʻī. Kākaʻikahi, lawe ʻia nā laʻana mai ka wai hui a koko paha. Hiki i nā moʻomeheu ke hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona mua ma loko o 24 mau hola. Loaʻa kahi hōʻoia i hōʻoia ʻia ma loko o 72 mau hola.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka gonorrhea, pono ʻoe e noi e hoʻāʻo ʻia no nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka moekolohe, e like me chlamydia, syphilis, a me HIV herpes a me ka hepatitis.

ʻO ka loiloi no ka gonorrhea i ka poʻe asymptomatic e pono e mālama i nā hui aʻe:

• ʻO nā wahine hana kolohe 24 makahiki a ʻoi
• ʻO ka wahine i ʻoi aku ma mua o 24 mau makahiki i ka nui o ka makaʻu no ka maʻi

ʻAʻole maopopo inā he maikaʻi ka kānana ʻana i nā kāne no ka gonorrhea.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano antibiotic ʻokoʻa no ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano maʻi.

• Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi mahele lāʻau nui o nā antibiotic waha a i ʻole lawe i kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi no ʻehiku lā.
• Hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi lāʻau antibiotic a kī ʻia paha, a laila hāʻawi ʻia i nā lāʻau antibiotic. Lawe ʻia kekahi ʻano o nā pila i hoʻokahi manawa i ke keʻena o ka mea hāʻawi. Lawe ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka home a hoʻokahi pule.
• ʻO nā hihia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) e koi paha iā ʻoe e noho i ka haukapila. Hāʻawi intibiotics i nā intravenously.
• Mai mālama iā ʻoe iho me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e kāu mea hāʻawi mua. E hoʻoholo kāu mea hāʻawi i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa.

Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā wahine me ka gonorrhea i loaʻa pū i ka chlamydia. Mālama ʻia ʻo Chlamydia i ka manawa like me ka maʻi maʻi gonorrhea.

Pono ʻoe i kahi kipa ukali ma hope o 7 mau lā ma hope inā pili kāu mau ʻōuli i ka ʻeha hui, ka ʻili o ka ʻili, a i ʻole ka ʻeha pelvic a i ʻole ʻeha o ka ʻōpū. E hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i ka hala ʻana o ka maʻi.

Pono e hoʻāʻo a mālama ʻia nā hoa kolohe e pale i ka hala ʻana o ka maʻi i hope. Pono ʻoe a me kāu hoa e hoʻopau i nā antibiotic āpau. E hoʻohana i nā condom a hiki i ka pau ʻana o kāu mau antibiotic i ka lāʻau. Inā ua ʻaelike ʻoe i ka gonorrhea a i ʻole chlamydia, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ʻoe e ʻaelike hou i kekahi maʻi inā hoʻohana mau ʻoe i ka condom.

Pono e kāhea ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia nā pilina a pau o ke kanaka me ka gonorrhea. Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻolaha hou ʻana o ka maʻi.

• I kekahi mau wahi, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka ʻike a me nā lāʻau i kāu hoa moe kolohe iā ʻoe iho.
• Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopili aku ka ʻoihana olakino i kāu hoa.

ʻO kahi maʻi gonorrhea i pāhola ʻole ʻia e aneane hiki ke hoola ʻia me nā antibiotic. ʻO ka Gonorrhea i pālahalaha aku he maʻi ʻoi loa ia. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka lāʻau.

Komo pū nā pilikia i nā wahine:

• ʻO nā maʻi i pālahalaha ʻia i nā paipu fallopian hiki ke hana i ka scarring. Hiki i kēia ke kumu i nā pilikia e hāpai i ka manawa hope. Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka ʻeha pelvic mau, PID, infertility, a me ka hāpai ectopic. E hoʻonui ana nā ʻāpana i nā manawa hou i kou lilo ʻana i infertile ma muli o ka pohō tubal.
• Hāpai paha nā wahine hāpai me nā gonorrhea nui i ka maʻi i kā lākou pēpē ʻoiai i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole i ka wā hānau.
• Hiki iā ia ke kumu i nā pilikia i ka hāpai ʻana e like me ka maʻi a me ka hānau mua.
• Loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū (kōpū) a me ka ʻōpū.

Komo pū nā pilikia i nā kāne:

• Hoʻopili a ʻākiki paha o ka urethra (Tube e lawe i ka mimi mai ke kino)
• Loaʻa (ka hōʻiliʻili o ka pus a puni ka urethra)

Komo pū nā pilikia i nā kāne a me nā wahine:

• Nā maʻi pūpū
• Maʻi maʻi Valve puʻuwai
• ʻO ka maʻi a puni ka lolo (meningitis)

Kāhea koke i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o gonorrhea. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā keʻena lapaʻau i kākoʻo ʻia e ka mokuʻāina e hōʻike a mālama iā STI me ka uku ʻole ʻia.

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka launa kolohe ke ala ʻoiaʻiʻo wale nō e pale ai i ka gonorrhea. Inā ʻaʻohe moekolohe ʻoe me kāu hoa me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe, hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi loa i kou manawa kūpono.

ʻO ka moekolohe palekana ʻo ia ka hana i nā ʻanuʻu ma mua a i ka wā o ka moekolohe e hiki ke pale iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi, a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi i kāu hoa. ʻO nā hana moekolohe palekana me ka kānana ʻana no STI i nā kāne moekolohe āpau, me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka condom, me ka liʻiliʻi o nā pilina moekolohe.

E noi i kāu mea nāna e hāʻawi inā pono ʻoe e loaʻa i ka loulou vaccine hepatitis B a me ka loulou vaccine HPV. E makemake paha ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka lāʻau āpau HPV.

Pāleo; ʻO ka kulu

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki 2019. www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2019/default.htm. Hoʻohou ʻia ʻApelila 13, 2021. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 15, 2021.

ʻO Embree JE. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi gōnococcal. I: Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonado YA, Remington JS, Klein JO, hua. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi Remington a me Klein o ka Fetus a me ke keiki hānau. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 15.

ʻO Habif TP. Nā maʻi bacteria i hoʻoili ʻia i ka moekolohe. I: Habif TP, hoʻoponopono. Dermatology Lapaʻau. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 10.

LeFevre ML; ʻO ka Pūʻali Hana lawelawe lawelawe US. Ke nānā ʻana no Chlamydia a me gonorrhea: ʻ recommendationlelo aʻoaʻo a ka US Preventive Services Task Force. ʻO Ann Intern Med. 2014; 161 (12): 902-910. PMID: 25243785 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243785.

ʻO Marrazzo JM, ʻo Apicella MA. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principal a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpikipiki, Hoʻopuka Hou. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 214.

Pūnaewele Hana Hana Hana Preventive ʻo U.S. ʻO ka ʻōlelo koi hope loa: chlamydia a me gonorrhea: kānana ʻana. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening. Hoʻohou ʻia Kepakemapa 2014. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 29, 2019.

Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi (CDC). Nā kulekele lapaʻau maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia i ka moekolohe. ʻO MMWR Rekua Rep. 2015; 64 (RR-03): 1-137. PMID: 26042815 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815.