Lāʻau make wai Nitric

ʻO ka waikawa Nitric kahi wai make maopopo-a-melemele. He kemika ia i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he caustical. Inā hoʻopili ia i nāʻaʻaʻa, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha.

Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka lāʻau make mai ka ale ʻana a i ka hanu ʻana i ka waikawa nitric.

ʻO kēia ʻatikala no ka ʻike wale nō. Mai hoʻohana ia mea e mālama a mālama i kahi lāʻau make maoli. Inā loaʻa ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea āu e launa pū ai, e kāhea i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (e like me 911), a i ʻole hiki ke kiʻi pololei ʻia i kahi kikowaena lāʻau make kūloko ma ke kāhea ʻana i ka laina laina kōkua Poison Help free (1-800-222-1222) mai nā wahi a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

ʻAkika Nitric

• Mea hoʻomomona
• Hoʻohana nā mea i hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā metala (e like me nā barela pū)

Kahakaha: ʻAʻole paha komo kēia papa inoa.

Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli mai ka ale ʻana i ka waikawa nitric:

• ʻEha ʻōpū - koʻikoʻi
• Wela i ka ʻili a i ʻole ka waha
• Drooling
• Fiva
• ʻEha o ka waha - koʻikoʻi
• Ka hāʻule wikiwiki ʻana o ke koko (haʻalulu)
• ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hanu paʻakikī
• ʻEha puʻu - ʻeha
• ʻUhane, koko

Nā hōʻailona mai ka hanu ʻana i (inhaling) nitric acid e komo pū paha:

• Nā lehelehe ʻeleʻele a me nā manamana lima
• Pīkī pahu
• Kāpena
• ʻ Clelo huna
• ʻApu ʻana i ke koko
• Puʻupuʻu
• Kaomi haʻahaʻa
• Pākuʻi wikiwiki
• Pokole o ka hanu
• Nawaliwali

E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Mai hoʻolei i kahi kanaka ke ʻole ke haʻi ʻia e Poison Control a i ʻole kahi ʻoihana mālama ola.

Inā ua ale ʻia ka kemikū, e hāʻawi koke i ka wai i ka mea a i ʻole ka waiū, ke ʻole ke aʻo ʻia e kahi mea mālama ola. E hāʻawi i ka 4 a i ka 6 auneke (120 a 180 mau mililiter) o ka waiū o magnesia, inā hiki.

MAI hāʻawi i ka wai a i ʻole ka waiū inā loaʻa ke kanaka i nā ʻōuli (e like me ka luaʻi, ka haunaele, a i ʻole ka pae o ka makaʻala i hōʻemi ʻia) e paʻakikī e ale.

Inā hanu ke kanaka i ka lāʻau make, hoʻoneʻe koke iā lākou i ka ea hou.

Kōkua ka ʻikepili aʻe no ka poʻe pane pilikia:

• ʻO ka makahiki o ke kanaka, kaupaona, a me ke kūlana
• Ka inoa o ka huahana (a me nā mea hoʻohui a me ka ikaika, inā ʻike ʻia)
• ʻO ka manawa i ale ʻia a i ʻole hanu ʻia ai
• Pau ka nui a ale paha

Eia naʻe, mai hoʻopanee i ke kāhea ʻana i ke kōkua inā ʻaʻole loaʻa koke kēia ʻike.

Hiki ke kiʻi pololei ʻia kāu kikowaena lāʻau hoʻomake lāʻau kūloko ma ke kāhea ʻana i ka laina laina kōkua Poison Help manuahi (1-800-222-1222) mai nā wahi a pau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. E hoʻokuʻu kēia lālani lāhui iā ʻoe e kamaʻilio me nā loea i ka lāʻau make. E hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe i nā ʻōkuhi ʻē aʻe.

He lawelawe manuahi kēia a pilikino. Hoʻohana nā kikowaena mālama lāʻau ʻona āpau i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēia helu aupuni. E kāhea ʻoe inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka lāʻau make a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau make. ʻAʻole pono ia e pilikia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea no nā kumu, 24 mau hola i ka lā, 7 mau lā o ka pule.

E ana a mālama ka mea hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, e like me ka mahana, ka lāʻau, ka hanu ʻana, a me ke kahe o ke koko. E loaʻa paha i ke kanaka:

• Kākoʻo Airway, e like me ka oxygen, paipu hanu ma o ka waha (intubation), a me ka mīkini hanu (ventilator)
• Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko a me ka mimi
• ʻO ka pahu paʻi kiʻi i lalo o ka ʻāʻī (endoscopy) e ʻike ai i ke ahi i ka paipu meaʻai (esophagus) a me ka ʻōpū
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• CT a i ʻole kiʻi ʻimi kiʻi ʻē aʻe
• ECG (electrocardiogram, a i ʻole ka huli puʻuwai)
• Nā Fluids ma o kahi aa (intravenous a i ʻole IV)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā ʻōuli
• Tube ma o ka ihu i loko o ka ʻōpū e omo (aspirate) kekahi koena acid inā ʻike ʻia ke kanaka ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻike ʻana a ale ʻia kahi nui nui

No ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻili, hiki i ka mālama ʻana ke:

• ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili i puhi ʻia (debridement)
• Hoʻololi i kahi haukapila e loea i ka mālama ʻana i ka wela
• Holoi i ka ʻili (hawai), hiki paha i kēlā me kēia mau hola no nā lā he nui

Pono paha ke komo ʻana i ka haukapila e hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana. Hiki ke koi ʻia ke ʻoki inā loaʻa i ka esophagus, ʻōpū, a me nā ʻōpū ke ulu i nā lua (perforation) mai ke kū ʻana i ka waikawa.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ke kanaka i ka nui o nā lāʻau make i ale ʻia, pehea ka nui o ka lāʻau make, a me ka wikiwiki i loaʻa ai ka lāʻau. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ke kōkua olakino o kekahi kanaka, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manawa kūpono no ke ola ʻana. Hiki i ka Perforation ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi a me ka haʻalulu nui, a make paha ia. Hiki paha ke hōʻeha mau a me ke kīnā ʻole.

ʻO Hoyte C. Caustics. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 148.

Pfau PR, Hancock SM. Nā kino ʻē, nā bezoar, a me nā ingestions caustic. I: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. ʻO Sleisenger a me Fordtran's Gastrointestinal a me ka maʻi Liver: Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. 10 o ka lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 27.

Ka Waihona Waihona Lapaʻau o U.S. National Medicine, Nā lawelawe ʻike kūikawā, pūnaewele pūnaewele Toxicology Data Network. ʻAkika Nitric. toxnet.nlm.nih.gov. Hoʻohou ʻia Pepeluali 14, 2012. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 14, 2019.