Hoʻololi ʻelemakule i ka hana hormone

Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana endocrine me nā lālā a me nā ʻaʻa e hana i nā hormones. ʻO nā Hormones he mau kemika maoli i hana ʻia ma hoʻokahi wahi, hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kahe o ke koko, a laila hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana a me nā ʻōnaehana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Hoʻopili nā Hormones i nā lālā i māka ʻia. Loaʻa i kekahi ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana kā lākou ʻōnaehana kūloko ponoʻī me, a i ʻole ma kahi o, nā homone.

I ko mākou mau makahiki, hoʻololi kūlohelohe i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino. ʻO kekahi mau ʻōpili pahuhopu e lilo i mea maʻalahi ʻole i kā lākou hormone kāohi. E loli paha ka nui o nā hormoni i hana ʻia.

Piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko o kekahi mau hormoni, hoʻemi kekahi, a ʻaʻole i loli kekahi. Haki pū ʻia nā Hormones (metabolized) me ka lohi.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā meaola e hana i nā hormones e kāohi ʻia e nā hormones ʻē aʻe. Hoʻololi hoʻi ka ʻelemakule i kēia kaʻina. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kahi kiko endocrine ke hana i ka liʻiliʻi o kāna hormone ma mua o ka hana i ka wā ʻōpio, a i ʻole hana i ka nui like i ka wikiwiki.

NA OLELO HOLOHOLOLE

Aia ka hypothalamus i ka lolo. Hoʻopuka ia i nā hormoni e kāohi i nā hanana ʻē aʻe i ka ʻōnaehana endocrine, me ka pituitary gland. Noho ka nui o kēia mau hormones hoʻoponopono i kahi like, akā hiki ke hoʻololi i ka pane a nā meaola endocrine i ko mākou mau makahiki.

Aia ka pituitary gland ma lalo pono o (pituitary pituitary) a i ʻole ma (pituitary posterior) ka lolo. Hiki i kēia gland i ka nui o ka nui ma waena o ka makahiki waena a laila hele a liʻiliʻi. ʻElua ona ʻāpana:

• Mālama ka ʻaoʻao hope (hope) i nā homone i hana ʻia ma ka hypothalamus.
• ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua (mua) e hoʻopuka i nā hormoni e hoʻopili i ka ulu ʻana, ka gland thyroid (TSH), adrenal Cortex, ovaries, testes, a me nā umauma.

Aia ka gland thyroid i ka ʻāʻī. Hana ia i nā hormoni e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka metabolism. Me ka ʻelemakule, hiki i ka thyroid ke lilo i lumpy (nodular). Hoʻohi lohi ka Metabolism i ka manawa, e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o ka makahiki 20. Ma muli o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā homone thyroid a haki ʻia (metabolized) i ka helu like, pinepine ka maʻamau o nā hoʻokolohua hana thyroid. I kekahi poʻe, piʻi aʻe paha ka pae o ka hormone thyroid, e alakaʻi ana i ka nui o ka make o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi.

ʻO nā glands parathyroid ʻehā mau glands liʻiliʻi aia a puni ka thyroid. Hoʻopili ka hormone Parathyroid i ka pae o ka calcium a me ka phosphate, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka ikaika o ka iwi. Piʻi nā pae hormone Parathyroid me ka makahiki, i hiki ke kōkua i ka osteoporosis.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka insulin e ka pancreas. Kōkua ia i ke kō (glucose) e hele mai ke koko a i loko o nā hunaola, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohana no ka ikehu.

Hoʻonui ka pae glucose wikiwiki i 6 a 14 milligrams i kēlā me kēia deciliter (mg / dL) i kēlā me kēia 10 mau makahiki ma hope o ka piha ʻana o ka makahiki 50 no ka emi o ka maʻalahi o nā hunaola i nā hopena o ka insulin. Ke piʻi ka pae i 126 mg / dL a ʻoi paha, ua manaʻo ʻia he maʻi diabetes ke kanaka.

Aia nā aka adrenal ma luna pono o nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka adrenal cortex, ka papa o ka papa, e hana i nā hormones aldosterone, cortisol, a me dehydroepiandrolone.

• Hoʻoponopono ʻo Aldolone i ke kaulike wai a me electrolyte.
• ʻO Cortisol ka hōmona "stress stress". Hoʻopili ia i ka haki ʻana o ka glucose, protein, a me ka momona, a he anti-inflammatory a me anti-allergy effects ia.

Hoʻemi ka hoʻokuʻu Aldosteron i ka makahiki. Hiki i kēia hoʻemi ke hāʻawi i ka lightheadedness a me ke kulu i ke kahe o ke koko me nā loli kū koke (orthostatic hypotension). Hoʻoemi ka hoʻokuʻu Cortisol me ka ʻelemakule, akā kū ka pae o ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia hormone ma kahi like. Kūleʻa hoʻi nā pae Dehydroepiandrolone. ʻAʻole maopopo nā hopena o kēia kulu i ke kino.

ʻO nā ovaries a me nā testes ʻelua mau hana. Hoʻopuka lākou i nā hunaola reproductive (ova a me sperm). Hoʻokumu pū lākou i nā hormones moe kolohe e kaohi i nā ʻano moekolohe lua, e like me ka umauma a me ka lauoho maka.

• Me ka ʻelemakule, loaʻa pinepine nā kāne i kahi pae haʻahaʻa o testosterone.
• Loaʻa i nā wahine nā pae haʻahaʻa o estradiol a me nā estrogen estrogen ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka menopause.

Ka hopena o nā hoʻololi

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, emi kekahi mau hormoni, ʻaʻole loli kekahi, a hoʻonui kekahi i ka makahiki. ʻO nā Hormones e hōʻemi mau ana:

• Aldosterone
• Kalepona
• Hone ulu
• ʻO Renin

I nā wahine, hoʻemi pinepine ka estrogen a me nā pae prolactin.

ʻO nā Hormones e noho mau pinepine ʻole a hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki paha:

• Cortisol
• Epinephrine
• Insulina
• ʻO nā Turo thyroid T3 a me T4

Hoʻoemi pinepine nā pae testosterone i ka wā o nā kāne.

Hiki i nā Hormone ke hoʻonui aʻe:

• ʻO ka hormone hoʻonāukiuki Follicle (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Norepinephrine
• Hīmona parathyroid

NA Kumuhana e pili ana

• Hoʻololi ʻelemakule i ka pale ʻana
• Hoʻololi nā ʻelemakule i nā meaola, nā aʻa, a me nā hunaola
• Hoʻololi ʻelemakule i ka ʻōnaehana hānau kāne
• Menopause

• Menopause
• Anatomia hānau wahine

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Lanakila RD Neuroendocrinology o ka ʻelemakule. I: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. ʻO Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine a me Gerontology. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: chap 13.

Lobo RA. Menopause a me ka ʻelemakule. I: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, eds. ʻO Yen & Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2019: chap 14.

Walston JD. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 22.