Pupil - nā kiko keʻokeʻo

ʻO nā kiko keʻokeʻo i loko o ka haumāna kahi ʻano e keʻokeʻo ai ka pupil o ka maka ma kahi o ka ʻeleʻele.

ʻEleʻele ka haumāna o ka maka o ke kanaka. I nā paʻi paʻi kiʻi ʻulaʻula paha ka haumāna. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻo "red reflex" e nā mea lawelawe olakino a he maʻamau.

I kekahi manawa, keʻokeʻo ka pupil o ka maka, a keʻokeʻo paha ka reflex ʻulaʻula maʻamau. ʻAʻole kēia kahi kūlana maʻamau, a pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i kahi mea mālama maka.

Nui nā kumu like ʻole o ka haumāna keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka reflex keʻokeʻo. Hiki i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohālikelike i ka haumāna keʻokeʻo. Inā ʻoi ke ao i ka maopopo leʻa, e lilo i ao, e like paha me ka haumāna keʻokeʻo. ʻOiai he ʻokoʻa nā kumu o ke ao a keʻokeʻo paha mai nā haumāna keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka reflex keʻokeʻo, pono kēia mau pilikia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke.

Hiki i nā cataract ke kumu i ke keʻokeʻo o ka haumāna.

Nā kumu o kēia ʻano komo pū paha:

• ʻO ka maʻi Coats - retinopathy exudative
• Coloboma
• ʻO ka cataract congenital (he hoʻoilina paha a i ʻole he hopena paha mai nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka rubella hānau, galactosemia, fibroplasia retrolental)
• ʻO ka vitre hyperplastic kumu paʻa mau
• Retinoblastoma
• Toxocara canis (maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi parasite)
• Uveitis

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā haumāna keʻokeʻo e hōʻemi i ka ʻike. Kū pinepine paha kēia ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo ʻana o ka haumāna.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kahi haumāna keʻokeʻo ka mea nui i nā pēpē. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pēpē ke kamaʻilio aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ua hōʻemi ʻia kā lākou ʻike. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī e ana i ka hihiʻo o kahi pēpē i ka wā o ka loiloi maka.

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi haumana keʻokeʻo, kāhea koke aku i kāu mea hāʻawi. ʻO ka hōʻike maʻamau o nā hōʻike a ke keiki maikaʻi no kahi haumāna keʻokeʻo i nā keiki. ʻO kahi keiki e hoʻomohala i kahi haumāna keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka ʻie ao e pono ke nānā koke, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi mai ka loea maka.

He mea nui e ʻike wawe ʻia inā hopena ʻia ka pilikia e retinoblastoma ma muli o ka make ʻana o kēia maʻi.

Kāhea aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻike ʻoe i nā loli o ke kala i ka haumāna a i ʻole ke kole o ka maka.

E hana ka mea hāʻawi i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a nīnau e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a me ka mōʻaukala olakino.

E hoʻopili ka hoʻokolohua kino i kahi loiloi maka maka kikoʻī.

E hana ʻia paha kēia mau hoʻāʻo:

• Ophthalmoscopy
• Hōʻike kukui kukui
• Hōʻike maka maʻamau
• ʻIke ʻike

Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i kahi scan CT a i ʻole MRI scan.

Leukocoria

• Maka
• Nā kiko keʻokeʻo i ka haumāna
• Haumāna keʻokeʻo

Cioffi GA, LIebmann JM. Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 395.

Olitsky SE, Marsh JD. Nā mea kūpono ʻole o ka haumāna a me iris. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 640.