ʻO Microcephaly

ʻO Microcephaly kahi kūlana ma ka nui o ke poʻo o ke kanaka i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ko nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka makahiki a me ka wahine. Ua ana ʻia ka nui o ke poʻo e like me ka mamao ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo. Hoʻoholo ʻia kahi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui maʻamau e hoʻohana ana i nā pakuhi maʻamau.

Kū pinepine ʻo Microcephaly no ka ulu ʻole o ka lolo i kahi helu maʻamau. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ulu o ka iwi poʻo e ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo. Kū ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo ma ka ʻōpū a i ka wā pēpē.

ʻO nā kūlana e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo hiki ke hana i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui o ke poʻo maʻamau. Hoʻopili kēia i nā maʻi, nā maʻi kūlohelohe, a me nā meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO nā kūlana genetic e kumu i ka microcephaly:

• ʻO Cornelia de Lange maʻi
• ʻO Cri du chat syndrome
• Down syndrome
• ʻO Rubinstein-Taybi maʻi
• ʻO Seckel Syndrome
• ʻO Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
• Trisomy 18
• ʻO Trisomy 21

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi i ka microcephaly me:

• Phenylketonuria (PKU) kaohi ʻole i ka makuahine
• Lāʻau make Methylmercury
• Rubella hānau
• ʻO ka toxoplasmosis hānau
• Cytomegalovirus Congenital (CMV)
• Hoʻohana o kekahi mau lāʻau i ka wā hāpai, ʻo ka waiʻona a me ka phenytoin

Ke hele a maʻi ʻia me ka maʻi Zika ʻoiai hāpai hiki ke kumu i ka microcephaly. Ua loaʻa ka maʻi Zika ma ʻApelika, ka Pākīpika Hema, nā wahi wela o ʻAsia, a ma Brazil a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika Hema, me Mekiko, ʻAmelika Waena, a me ka Caribbean.

ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka microcephaly ma ka hānau ʻana a i ʻole i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua pēpē maikaʻi. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea mālama ola inā manaʻo ʻoe ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o ke poʻo o kāu pēpē a ʻaʻole ulu maʻamau.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu hoa hele i kahi i kahi ʻo Zika e noho nei a hāpai ʻoe a noʻonoʻo paha e pili ana i ka hāpai ʻana.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻike ʻia ka microcephaly i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua maʻamau. ʻO nā ana poʻo ke ʻāpana o nā hōʻike pēpē maikaʻi no nā mahina 18 mua. Lawe ʻia nā hoʻokolohua he mau kekona wale nō ke kau ʻia ka lepe ana a puni ke poʻo o ke pēpē.

E mālama ka mea hāʻawi i kahi moʻohelu manawa e hoʻoholo ai:

• He aha ke anapuni o ke poʻo?
• Ke ulu nei ke poʻo i ka wikiwiki o ka kino ma mua o ke kino?
• He aha nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i laila?

He mea kōkua nō paha ke mālama i kāu mau moʻolelo ponoʻī o ka ulu ʻana o kāu pēpē. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻike ʻoe i ka ulu ʻana o ke poʻo o ka pēpē e like me ka lohi.

Inā kuhi kāu mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki me ka microcephaly, pono ʻoe e kahakaha ia mea i nā palapala olakino pilikino o kāu keiki.

• Iwi poʻo o ka hānau hou
• ʻO Microcephaly
• Ultrasound, fetus maʻamau - ventricle o ka lolo

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Virus Zika. www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. Hoʻohou i Iune 4, 2019. Loaʻa iā Nowemapa 15, 2019.

Johansson MA, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Hills SL. Zika a me ka makaʻu o ka microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (1): 1-4. PMID: 27222919 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27222919/.

Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. ʻO nā anomalies kūlohelohe o ka ʻōnaehana makaʻu waena. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 609.

Mizaa GM, Dobyns WB. Nā maʻi o ka nui o ka lolo. I: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. ʻO Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Nā Kumuhana a me nā Hana. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 28.