ʻO Retina

ʻO ka retina ka ʻāpana māmā-maʻalahi o ka mea ma ke kua o ka eyeball. ʻO nā kiʻi i hiki mai i nā maka o ka maka ke nānā aku i ka retina. Hoʻololi ka retina i kēia mau kiʻi i nā hōʻailona uila a hoʻouna iā lākou ma ke aʻalolo optic i ka lolo.

ʻIke pinepine ka retina i ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻalani no ka mea he nui nā kīʻaha koko ma hope o ia. Hāʻawi kahi ophthalmoscope i kahi mea mālama ola e ʻike ma o kāu haumāna a me nā aniani i ka retina. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​kaha kiʻi kūikawā o ka retina ke hōʻike i nā mea i hiki ʻole i ka mea hāʻawi ke ʻike wale ma ka nānā ʻana i ka retina ma o ka ophthalmoscope. Inā pilikia nā maka maka ʻē aʻe i ka ʻike o ka retina, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ultrasound.

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e ʻike i kēia pilikia pilikia ʻike e pono e hoʻokolokolo hou ʻia:

• Hoʻololi i ka ʻoi o ka ʻike
• Loaʻa o ka ʻike kala
• Nā uila o nā kukui a i ʻole nā ​​floaters
• ʻIke ʻike hewa (nānā pololei nā laina pololei)

• Maka

ʻO Schubert HD. ʻO ke ʻano o ka neural retina. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 6.1.

Reh TA. Ka hoʻomohala o ka retina. I: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. ʻO Ryan's Retina. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 15.

ʻO Yanoff M, Cameron JD. Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike. Goldman L, Schafer AI, hoʻoponopono. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 25th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 423.