ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Autism

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Autism (ASD) kahi maʻi ulu. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā makahiki 3 mua o ke ola. Hoʻopili ka ASD i ka lolo i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka ʻike kaiaulu a me ke kamaʻilio maʻamau.

ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu kūpono o ASD. Maliʻa paha he nui nā kumu i alakaʻi iā ASD. Hōʻike ka noiʻi e pili ana paha nā genes, ʻoiai e holo ana ʻo ASD i kekahi mau ʻohana. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau i lawe ʻia i ka wā hāpai ke alakaʻi i ASD i ke keiki.

Kuhi ʻia nā kumu ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia. Manaʻo kekahi ʻepekema hiki ke pili i ka hōʻino ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka amygdala. Ke nānā nei nā poʻe ʻē inā hiki i kahi virus ke hoʻomaka i nā ʻōuli.

Ua lohe kekahi mau mākua hiki i nā lāʻau āpau ke kumu iā ASD. Akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi noiʻi ma waena o nā lāʻau āpau a me ASD. Ua ʻōlelo nā hui olakino a me nā hui aupuni āpau ʻaʻohe loulou ma waena o nā lāʻau āpau a me ASD.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā keiki me ASD ma muli o ka ʻike maikaʻi a me nā wehewehe hou o ka ASD. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Autism i kēia manawa e komo pū me nā syndrome i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau maʻi kaʻawale.

• Maʻi maʻi Autistic
• Maʻi ʻo Asperger
• ʻO ka maʻi disintegrative ʻōpio
• ʻO ka maʻi ulu ulu ākea

Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā mākua o nā keiki ASD he hewa kekahi mea i ka manawa he 18 mau makahiki o ke keiki. Loaʻa nā pilikia me nā keiki me ASD me:

• Hoʻokani pāʻani
• Nā launa kaiaulu
• Kamaʻilio waha a me ka waha ʻole

Me he mea maʻamau kekahi mau keiki ma mua o ka makahiki 1 a i ʻole 2. Ua nalowale koke lākou i ka ʻōlelo a i ʻole ka pilina kanaka i loaʻa iā lākou.

Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻōuli mai ke kaulike a koʻikoʻi.

Hiki i kekahi kanaka me ka autism ke:

• E makaʻala loa i ka maka, lohe, hoʻopā, honi, a ʻono paha (no ka laʻana, hōʻole lākou e komo i nā kapa "ʻili" a huhū inā koi lākou e komo i nā kapa)
• E huhū loa ke hoʻololi ʻia nā hana maʻamau
• E hana hou i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kino i mau a mau
• Pili paʻa i nā mea

Pili pū paha nā pilikia kamaʻilio:

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomaka a mālama i kahi kamaʻilio
• Hoʻohana i nā hōʻailona ma kahi o nā huaʻōlelo
• Hoʻolālā mālie i ka ʻōlelo a i ʻole ʻole
• ʻAʻole hoʻoponopono i nā maka e nānā i nā mea a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e nānā aku nei
• ʻAʻole kuhikuhi iā ʻoe iho i ke ala kūpono (ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻōlelo "makemake ʻoe i ka wai" ke manaʻo ke keiki "makemake au i ka wai")
• ʻAʻole kuhikuhi e hōʻike i nā mea ʻē aʻe (ʻike ʻia i nā mahina 14 mua o ke ola)
• Hana hou i nā huaʻōlelo a i ʻole nā ​​paukū i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e like me nā pāʻoihana

Pili kanaka:

• ʻAʻole makamaka
• ʻAʻole pāʻani i nā pāʻani pāʻani
• Ua huki ʻia
• Mai pane paha i ka pili maka a i ʻole minoʻaka, a i ʻole e hōʻalo paha i ka pili maka
• Hiki ke mālama iā haʻi me he mea lā
• Makemake e noho kaʻawale ma mua o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻike i ke aloha

Pane i ka ʻike ʻike:

• ʻAʻole pīhoihoi i nā leo nui
• He kiʻekiʻena a haʻahaʻa loa paha i ka ʻike, lohe, hoʻopā, honi, a ʻono paha
• ʻIke paha i nā kani maʻamau ʻeha a hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou mau lima ma luna o ko lākou pepeiao
• E haʻalele paha i ka pili kino no ka mea hoʻonāukiuki a kaumaha loa paha
• ʻO nā ʻōpala, nā waha a i ʻole nā ​​palu mea
• Loaʻa paha i kahi kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa loa paha i ka ʻeha

Pāʻani:

• ʻAʻole hoʻohālike i nā hana a haʻi
• Makemake i ka pā mehameha a i ʻole ka hana maʻamau ritualistic
• Hōʻike iki i ka pāʻani hoʻokamani a kuhi kiʻi ʻole paha

Nā hana:

• Hana me ka huhū nui
• Hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻokahi kumuhana a i ʻole ka hana
• Loaʻa iā ia kahi nānā nānā pōkole
• He hāiki kona hoihoi
• Overactive a passive paha
• He huhū iā haʻi a i ʻole iā ʻoe iho
• Hōʻike i kahi pono ikaika no nā mea like
• Hana hou i nā neʻe o ke kino

Pono nā keiki āpau e loaʻa i nā hōʻike maʻamau i hana ʻia e kā lākou pediatric.Pono paha nā hoʻokolohua hou inā pili ka mea mālama ola a i ʻole nā ​​mākua. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia inā ʻaʻole e hālāwai kekahi keiki me kekahi o kēia mau milestones ʻōlelo:

• Babbling e 12 mau mahina
• ʻO ke kuhi ʻana (kuhikuhi ʻana, e kuʻu aloha ʻana) e 12 mau mahina
• Ke ʻōlelo nei i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo e 16 mau mahina
• Ke ʻōlelo nei i nā māmala ʻōlelo huaʻōlelo ʻelua e 24 mau mahina (ʻaʻole e kani wale ana)
• Ka nalowale ʻana i kekahi mākau ʻōlelo a i ʻole ka pilina i kēlā me kēia makahiki

Pono paha kēia mau keiki i kahi hoʻolohe hoʻolohe, hoʻāʻo kēpau koko, a me nā hōʻike loiloi no ka ASD.

ʻO kahi mea hoʻolako i ʻike i ka diagnose a me ka mālama ʻana iā ASD e ʻike i ke keiki e hana i ka ʻike maoli. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hōʻoia koko no ASD, hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka hōʻailona ma nā alakaʻi mai kahi puke olakino i kapa ʻia Palapala hōʻike diagnostic a me ka helu helu o nā maʻi noʻonoʻo (DSM-V).

Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kahi loiloi o ASD i kahi hōʻike kino a me nā ʻōnaehana (neurologic) piha. E hana ʻia paha nā hoʻāʻo e ʻike inā aia kekahi pilikia me nā gen a i ʻole ka metabolism o ke kino. ʻO ka metabolism ke ʻano o ke kino a me nā hana kemika.

Loaʻa i ka ASD kahi laulā ākea o nā ʻōuli. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi loiloi hoʻokahi, pōkole ke haʻi i nā hiki maoli o ke keiki. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hui o nā loea e loiloi i ke keiki. Loiloi paha lākou:

• Palapala
• ʻLelo
• Nā mākau kaʻa
• ʻLelo
• Ka kūleʻa ma ke kula
• Ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo

ʻAʻole makemake kekahi mau mākua e hōʻoia kā lākou keiki no ka mea makaʻu lākou e kapa inoa ʻia ke keiki. Akā me ka ʻole o kahi hōʻailona, ​​ʻaʻole paha e loaʻa i kā lākou keiki ka lāʻau e pono ai a me nā lawelawe.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea ola no ASD. E hoʻomaikaʻi nui kahi papa hana i ka nānā ʻana no ka hapa nui o nā keiki ʻōpio. Kūkulu ka hapa nui o nā papahana i nā pono o ke keiki i kahi papa hoʻonohonoho kiʻekiʻe o nā hana kūkulu.

Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau i nā ʻenehana, me:

• Nānā i ka hana noʻeau (ABA)
• Nā lāʻau, inā pono
• ʻOihana lapaʻau
• Hoʻoikaika kino
• ʻAla haʻi ʻōlelo

NĀ MEA ANA ANA I NĀ MEA (ABA)

No nā keiki ʻōpio kēia polokalamu. Kōkua ia i kekahi mau hihia. Hoʻohana ʻo ABA i hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi aʻo e hoʻoikaika i nā mākau like ʻole. ʻO ka pahuhopu ke hoʻokokoke aku i ke keiki i ka hana maʻamau no ko lākou mau makahiki.

Hana pinepine ʻia kahi papahana ABA ma ka home o kahi keiki. Mālama kahi psychologist behavioral i ka papahana. Hiki ke uku nui ʻia nā papahana ABA a hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana kula. Pono pinepine nā mākua e loaʻa kālā a me nā limahana mai nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, i loaʻa ʻole i nā kaiāulu he nui.

KULA KULA

Kāhea ʻia kahi papahana ʻē aʻe ʻo Ka Hoʻōla a me ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā Auticapped Children (TEACCH). Hoʻohana ia i nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā ʻike ʻike ʻē aʻe. Kōkua kēia mau keiki i ka hana a lākou iho a hoʻonohonoho a hoʻonohonoho i ko lākou mau kaiapuni.

ʻOiai hoʻāʻo ʻo TEACCH e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mākau a me ka hiki o ke keiki e hoʻopili, ʻae nō hoʻi ia i nā pilikia e pili ana iā ASD. ʻAʻole like me nā papahana ABA, ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻo TEACCH i nā keiki e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala maʻamau me ka lāʻau.

NA LAAU LAPAAU

ʻAʻohe lāʻau e mālama iā ASD iho. Akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau e mālama i ka lawena a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻuhane o ka poʻe me ASD. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻowahāwahā
• Hopohopo
• Nā pilikia e nānā ai
• ʻO nā koi koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole hiki i ke keiki ke kū
• Hyperactivity
• Impulsiveness
• Huhū
• Swings hāhuli
• Nā huhū
• Pilikia hiamoe
• ʻO Pantantrums

ʻAe ʻia wale ka lāʻau risperidone e mālama i nā keiki 5 a 16 mau makahiki no ka ukiuki a me ka huhū e hiki ke hana ʻia me ASD. ʻO nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ʻia paha he mau stabilizers a me nā stimulants.

HAIPAU

ʻO kekahi mau keiki me ka ASD ke hana maikaʻi nei ma ka papaʻai gluten-ʻole a casein-ʻole paha. Aia ʻo Gluten i nā meaʻai i loaʻa ka palaoa, ka rai, a me ka palaoa. Aia ʻo Casein i ka waiū, ka tī, a me nā huahana hana waiū ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻae nā loea āpau i ka loli ʻana i ka papaʻai. A ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi āpau i nā hopena maikaʻi.

Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kēia a i ʻole nā ​​loliʻai ʻē aʻe, e kamaʻilio me nā mea lawelawe a me kahi dietitian i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia. Makemake ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lawa o ka nui o ka kalori i kāu keiki a me nā mea momona kūpono.

HE MAU MEA HIKI AKU

E makaʻala i nā hana ākea ākea ākea no ASD i loaʻa ʻole ke kākoʻo ʻepekema, a me nā hōʻike o nā hana mana hana mana. Inā loaʻa ka ASD i kāu keiki, e kamaʻilio pū me nā mākua ʻē aʻe. E kūkākūkā pū nō hoʻi i kāu hopohopo me nā loea ASD. E hāhai i ka holomua o ka noiʻi ASD, kahi e ulu wikiwiki nei.

Hāʻawi nā hui he nui i ka ʻike hou a kōkua ma ASD.

Me ka lapaʻau kūpono, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona ASD he nui. ʻO ka hapanui o ka poʻe me ASD kekahi mau hōʻailona ma ko lākou ola. Akā, hiki iā lākou ke noho me ko lākou mau ʻohana a i ʻole ke kaiāulu.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ASD me nā maʻi lolo ʻē aʻe, e like me:

• Fragile X maʻi maʻi
• Kīnā ʻole o ka noʻonoʻo
• Maʻi maʻi maʻi tuberous

Ke hoʻomohala nei kekahi poʻe me ka autism.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka hana ʻana me ka autism hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia kaiaulu a me ka naʻau no nā ʻohana a me nā mea mālama, a no ka mea me ka autism.

Manaʻo pinepine nā mākua aia kekahi pilikia hoʻomōhala ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻailona. Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole e ulu maʻamau kāu keiki.

Autism; Maʻi Autistic; Maʻi ʻo Asperger; Ka maʻi disintegrative kamaliʻi; ʻO ka maʻi ulu ulu ākea

ʻO Bridgemohan CF. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Autism. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 54.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Autism, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā alakaʻi. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-recommendations.html. Hoʻohou i ʻAukake 27, 2019. Loaʻa iā Mei 8, 2020.

ʻO Nass R, Sidhu R, Ross G. Autism a me nā kīnā hemahema ʻē aʻe. I: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. ʻO Bradley's Neurology i ka hana lapaʻau. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 90.

Pūnaewele Institute of Mental Health pūnaewele. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Autism. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorder-asd/index.shtml. Hoʻohou Malaki Malaki 2018. Loaʻa iā Mei 8, 2020.