Puʻupuʻu

ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu he maʻi nui ia i hoʻohuli maʻalahi ʻia mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi (maʻi lele). Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi maʻi virus.

Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi puʻupuʻu mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi mai nā kulu lawai. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia paha ia mai nā kapa moe a me nā lole. He maʻi lele loa ia i loko o ka pule mua o ka maʻi. E hoʻomau i ka maʻi lele a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōpala. Hiki ke noho ola ka virus ma waena o 6 a me 24 mau hola.

Ua kanikau ʻia nā kānaka i kēia maʻi. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi mai ka makahiki 1979. Ua kāpae ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki 1972. I ka makahiki 1980, ua paipai ka World Health Organization (WHO) i nā ʻāina āpau e hoʻōki i ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu.

ʻElua ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu:

• ʻO Variola nui kahi maʻi nui i hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola i ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka lāʻau. ʻO ia ke kuleana no ka nui o nā make.
• ʻO Variola minor kahi maʻi maʻi milder e hōʻemi pinepine i ka make.

Ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi papahana nui e ka WHO i nā maʻi puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia mai ka honua i nā makahiki 1970, koe wale no kekahi mau laʻana i mālama ʻia no ka noiʻi aupuni a kuhi ʻia nā biowe armas. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea noiʻi e hoʻopaʻapaʻa inā paha e pepehi paha i nā mea i koe o ka maʻi maʻi i koe, a i ʻole mālama ia inā loaʻa kekahi kumu e hiki mai ana e noiʻi iā ia.

E hoʻomohala hou aku paha ʻoe inā ʻoe:

• He limahana limahana ia nāna e lawelawe i ka maʻi (laha)
• Aia i kahi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka maʻi ma ke ʻano he meaola lāʻau

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia pehea ka lōʻihi o ka hopena o nā lāʻau āpau. ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ʻaʻole lākou e palekana hou i ka maʻi.

KE KUMU O KA HAKAHI

Aia kekahi hopohopo e hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu ma ke ʻano he ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻouka kaua hoʻoweliweli. Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ma ka palapala spray (aerosol).

Kū pinepine nā ʻōuli ma kahi o 12 a 14 mau lā ma hope o kou maʻi ʻana i ka maʻi. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• ʻAcheiwi
• Delirium
• Pohā
• Kahe nui ke koko
• Ka luhi
• Wela wela
• Malaise
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻulaʻula a pink, lilo i ʻeha i lilo i crusty i ka lā 8 a i ʻole 9
• ʻEha poʻo poʻo
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi

Loaʻa i nā hoʻāʻo:

• Paʻa DIC
• Heluna pāluna
• Helu keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kūikawā e ʻike ai i ka maʻi.

Hiki i ka lāʻau ākea puʻupuʻu ke pale aku i ka maʻi a hoʻēmi paha i nā ʻōuli inā hāʻawi ʻia i loko o 1 a 4 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia o kekahi i ka maʻi. Ke hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona, ​​kau palena ka lāʻau.

I Iulai 2013, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā papa 59,000 o ka lāʻau anteciral tecovirimat e SIGA Technologies i ke Strategic National Stockpile a ke aupuni o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hanana bioterrorism hiki. Ua waiho ʻo SIGA no ka pale ʻana i ka panakalupa ma 2014.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā antibiotic no nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā mea pale kūʻē e kūʻē i kahi maʻi e like me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu (Vaccinia immune globulin) hiki ke kōkua e hoʻopōkole i ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi.

ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu a me nā poʻe a lākou i launa pū ai me ka pono e hoʻokaʻawale koke ʻia. Pono lākou e loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau a nānā pono ʻia.

I ka wā ma mua, he maʻi nui kēia. Ua like ka nui o ka make o ka make me 30%.

Komo pū nā pilikia:

• Nā maʻi o ka maʻi ʻōpū a me nā iwi
• ʻŌhū o ka lolo (encephalitis)
• Make
• Nā maʻi maʻi maka
• Pulumonia
• Scarring
• Kahe nui ke koko
• Nā maʻi ʻili (mai nā ʻeha)

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa paha ʻoe i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, e hoʻopili koke aku i kāu kauka. ʻAʻole hiki ke launa me ka maʻi inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hana me ka maʻi i loko o kahi keʻena a i ʻole hōʻike ʻia ʻoe e ka bioterrorism.

Nui nā poʻe i pale ʻia i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i ka wā i hala. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka lehulehu. Inā pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau āpau e kāohi ai i ka maʻi ahulau, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi pilikia liʻiliʻi o nā pilikia. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā limahana koa wale nō, nā limahana olakino, a me nā mea pane pōpilikia e loaʻa i ka lāʻau āpau.

Variola - nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi paha; Variola

• Nā maʻi lepe liʻiliʻi

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Puʻupuʻu. www.cdc.gov/smallpox/index.html. Hoʻohou i Iulai 12, 2017. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 17, 2019.

Damon IK. Smallpox, monkeypox, a me nā maʻi poxvirus ʻē aʻe. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 25th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 372.

Petersen BW, Damon IK. Orthopoxviruses: Vaccinia (vaccine vaccine), variola (smallpox), monkeypox, a me cowpox. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principal a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpikipiki, Hoʻopuka Hou. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 135.