Hopena o ke aʻa retina

ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke aʻa retina kahi paʻa i kekahi o nā aʻa liʻiliʻi e hāpai i ke koko i ka retina. ʻO ka retina kahi papa o nā kiko i ka hope o ka maka i hiki ke ʻike i ka mālam.

Hiki ke ālai ʻia nā aʻa retina ke kū kahi paʻa koko a i ʻole nā ​​waihona momona i loko o nā aʻa. ʻOi aku paha kēia mau ālai inā loaʻa ka paʻakikī o nā aʻa (atherosclerosis) i ka maka.

Hiki i nā Clots ke huakaʻi mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino a pale i ke aʻa o ka retina. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai maʻamau o nā clots ʻo ia ka naʻau a me ke aʻa carotid i ka ʻāʻī.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ālai i nā poʻe me nā kūlana e like me

• ʻO ka maʻi o ke aʻa Carotid, kahi i pili ai nā kīʻaha koko nui ʻelua i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ālai ʻia
• Diabetes
• Pilikia puʻuwai puʻuwai (atrial fibrillation)
• Pilikia kiwikā puʻuwai
• Nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka momona i ke koko (hyperlipidemia)
• Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe
• Hana hoʻomāinoino lāʻau hoʻoweliweli
• Kūleʻa arteritis (hōʻino i nā aʻa ma muli o kahi pane pale)

Inā kāpae ʻia kahi lālā o ke aʻa retina, ʻaʻole e loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana o ka retina ke koko a me ka oxygen. Inā kū kēia, lilo paha ʻoe i kahi o kāu hihi.

Hiki ʻole ke pohō a nalowale paha o ka hihi ma:

• ʻO nā maka a pau (ke kikowaena o ke aʻa a me CRAO paha)
• ʻĀpana o hoʻokahi maka (lālā retinal artery retinal lālā a i ʻole BRAO)

He kekona a minuke paha ka lōʻihi o ke aʻa o retinal artery a i ʻole he paʻa mau paha ia.

ʻO ke kōkō ʻana o ke koko i ka maka he hōʻailona hōʻailona paha ia no nā ʻōpū ma kahi ʻē. Hiki i kahi ʻōpala i ka lolo ke hana i kahi maʻi maʻi.

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ke loiloi i ka retina ke:

• Ninaninau o ka retina ma hope o dilating ka haumāna
• Fluorescein angiography
• Puʻe intraocular
• Pane reflex haumāna
• Hoʻoikaika hou
• Kiʻi hou
• Nānā kukui ʻalā
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hihi ʻaoʻao (nānā kahua ʻike maka)
• ʻIke ʻike

Pono e hoʻopili i nā hoʻokolohua laulaha:

• Kaomi koko
• Nā ho'āʻo koko, e like me ka pae kolesterol a me nā triglyceride a me ka helu sedryation erythrocyte
• Ninaninau kino

Nā hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ke kumu o kahi hāpule mai kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino.

• ʻEchocardiogram
• Uila uila
• Puʻuwai puʻuwai no ka puʻuwai puʻuwai abnormal
• ʻO Duplex Doppler ultrasound o nā aʻa carotid

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau i hōʻike ʻia no ka nalo ʻana o ka hihiʻo e pili ana i ka maka holoʻokoʻa, ke ʻole ia no ka maʻi ʻē aʻe i hiki ke mālama ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia i kekahi mau hōʻailona. I mea kōkua, pono e hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau ʻano hana i loko o 2 a 4 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōuli. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia mau ʻano lapaʻau, a ʻaʻole hoʻohana iki ʻia.

• Ka hanu ʻana i (hanu ʻana) i kahi kāwili kalapona kalapona-oxygen. Hoʻomaopopo kēia lāʻau i nā aʻa o ka retina e hoʻonui (dilate).
• Massage o ka maka.
• Ka hemo ʻana o ka wai mai loko mai o ka maka. Hoʻohana ke kauka i ke kui kele e hoʻokahe i kahi wai liʻiliʻi mai mua o ka maka. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hāʻule koke o ke kaomi o ka maka, i hiki i kekahi manawa ke neʻe i ka ʻōpū i loko o kahi aʻa o ka lālā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi ai.
• ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻowahāwahā lāʻau, mea hoʻoneʻe kino plasminogen (tPA).

Pono ka mea mālama ola e nānā no ke kumu o ka paʻa ʻana. He hōʻailona paha nā blockages o kahi pilikia olakino hoʻoweliweli ola.

ʻO ka poʻe me nā wahi paʻa o ke aʻa retina, ʻaʻole paha lākou e hoʻi i kā lākou hihi.

Komo pū nā pilikia:

• Glaucoma (CRAO wale nō)
• Loaʻa ka hapanui a piha paha o ka hihi i ka maka i hoʻopili ʻia
• ʻO ka hahau (ma muli o nā kumu like i hāʻawi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke aʻa retina, ʻaʻole ma muli o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi iho

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa koke ʻoe i ka blurring a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi.

ʻO nā ana i hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku ai i nā maʻi o ke kīʻaha koko (vascular), e like me ka maʻi o ke aʻa coronary, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka makaʻu no ka hōʻoki ʻana o ke aʻa retina. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kahi papaʻai momona momona
• Hoʻoikaika kino
• Kaohi ʻana i ka paka
• ʻO ka lilo ʻana o ke kaupaona inā ʻoi nui ʻoe

I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka mea lahilahi i mea e pale aku ai ke aʻa o ke ālai hou ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Aspirin a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau anti-clotting inā loaʻa ka pilikia i nā aʻa carotid. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Warfarin a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻoki koko ʻoi aku ka ikaika inā aia ka pilikia i ka puʻuwai.

ʻO ke kikowaena o ke aʻa waena retinal; CRAO; ʻO ka lālā o ke aʻa retinal lālā; BRAO; Lilo ka hihiʻo - retinal artery retinal; ʻIke blurry - retinal artery

• ʻO Retina

Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana ʻike. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 395.

ʻO Crouch ER, ʻo Crouch ER, ʻo Grant TR.Ophthalmology. I: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Puke aʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻohana. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 17.

ʻO Duker JS, Duker JS. Pāpale arterial retina. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 6.19.

ʻO Patel PS, Sadda SR. Hopena o ke aʻa retina. I: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. ʻO Ryan's Retina. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 54.

Salemona JF. Maʻi maʻi vina retina. I: Salmon JF, ed. ʻO Ophthalmology Clinical Clinical. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 13.