Ke nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

Hiki i ke kānana ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wanaʻao, ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana i kekahi ʻōuli. I nā manawa he nui, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i mea maʻalahi e mālama a hoʻōla paha. Akā loaʻa nā makaʻu nā kānana ʻana, e like me nā hōʻailona nalo o ke kanesa. I ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka nānā ʻana i hilinaʻi ʻia i kāu makahiki a me nā kumu pilikia.

ʻO ka mammogram ka ʻano maʻamau o ka kānana. He x-ray o ka umauma e hoʻohana ana i kahi mīkini kūikawā. Hana ʻia kēia hōʻike ma ka haukapila a i ʻole ke keʻena maʻi a he mau minuke wale nō. Hiki i nā mamamogram ke loaʻa i nā tumors i liʻiliʻi loa e ʻike.

Hana ʻia ka mamamography e nānā i nā wahine e ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua i ka wā e hoʻōla ʻia ai. Paipai ʻia ka mamamography no:

• Hoʻomaka nā wahine i ka makahiki 40, hana hou i kēlā me kēia 1 a 2 mau makahiki. (ʻAʻole kēia e koi ʻia e nā ʻoihana loea āpau.)
• Hoʻomaka nā wahine āpau i ka makahiki 50, hana hou i kēlā me kēia 1 a 2 mau makahiki.
• ʻO nā wahine me ka makuahine a kaikuahine paha i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā ʻōpio e noʻonoʻo pono i nā mammogram makahiki. E hoʻomaka lākou ma mua o ka makahiki a kahi ʻōpio o ko lākou ʻohana ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o nā mammogram i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma ma nā makahiki 50 a 74. No nā wahine ma mua o 50 mau makahiki, hiki ke kōkua i ke kānana ʻana, akā e haʻo paha i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO ia paha no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka umauma o nā wahine ʻōpio, ka mea e paʻakikī ai ke ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻAʻole maopopo i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o nā mammogram i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā makahiki 75 a ʻoi.

He hōʻike kēia e ʻike ai i ka umauma a me ka underarms no nā lumps a i ʻole nā ​​loli maʻamau. Hiki paha i kāu mea mālama ola ke hana i kahi hoʻokolohua umauma maʻi (CBE). Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kou mau umauma ma kāu iho. Kāhea ʻia kēia he umauma ponoʻī (BSE). Hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe iho i nā hoʻokolohua ponoʻī e lilo i ʻike hou me kāu mau umauma. Hoʻomaopopo paha kēia i ka loli ʻana o ka umauma ʻole.

E hoʻomanaʻo i nā hōʻike ʻana i ka umauma ʻaʻole e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka make ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻAʻole lākou e hana e like me nā mammogram e loaʻa ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kaukaʻi wale i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka umauma e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻAʻole ʻae nā loea āpau e pili ana i ka wā e loaʻa ai a i ʻole e hoʻomaka ai i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka umauma. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole koi kekahi mau pūʻulu iā lākou i nā mea āpau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana a i ʻole me nā hōʻike umauma. Makemake kekahi wahine e loaʻa nā hōʻike.

E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i nā pono a me nā pilikia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka umauma a inā kūpono lākou iā ʻoe.

Hoʻohana kahi MRI i nā mākēneki mana a me nā nalu uila e ʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hana ʻia kēia kānana ma nā wahine wale nō ka mea nui i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO nā wahine i ka makaʻu kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma (ʻoi aku ma mua o 20% a 25% ola āpau) pono e loaʻa kahi MRI me kahi mammogram i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi makaʻu nui inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• ʻO kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, i ka manawa pinepine i loaʻa i kou makuahine a i ʻole kaikaina i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ka wā ʻōpio
• ʻO ke ola a pau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma 20% a 25% a ʻoi paha
• ʻO kekahi mau hoʻololi BRCA, inā lawe ʻoe i kēia māka a i ʻole kekelē mua e hana a ʻaʻole i hoʻokolohua ʻia ʻoe
• ʻO nā mākau kekelē ʻekahi me kekahi mau syndrome kūpuna (Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Cowden a me Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes)

ʻAʻole maopopo i ka maikaʻi o ka hana a MRI e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai o MRI ma mua o nā mammograms, hōʻike pinepine lākou i nā ʻōuli o ke kanesa ke ʻaʻohe maʻi ʻaʻai. Kapa ʻia kēia he hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole. No nā wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o hoʻokahi umauma, hiki i nā MRI ke kōkua nui no ka ʻike ʻana i nā tumors huna i ka umauma ʻē aʻe. Pono ʻoe e hana i kahi kānana MRI inā ʻoe:

• Aia i kahi makaʻu nui loa no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma (ʻo nā mea me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana ikaika a i ʻole nā ​​māka genetery no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma)
• Loaʻa i nāʻiʻo umauma paʻa

I ka manawa a pehea ka pinepine e loaʻa ai kahi hōʻike loiloi umauma kahi koho e pono ai ʻoe e hana. ʻAʻole ʻae like nā hui loea ʻokoʻa i ka manawa kūpono no ka kānana ʻana.

Ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mammogram, e kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻolako e pili ana i nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā mea hōʻino ʻole. E nīnau e pili ana:

• ʻO kou makaʻi no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.
• Inā hōʻemi ka kānana ʻana i kou manawa e make ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.
• Inā paha he mea ʻino mai ka loiloi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, e like me nā hopena ʻaoʻao mai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a i ʻole overtreatment o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke loaʻa.

Hiki i nā pilikia o ka kānana ke hoʻopili pū me:

• Nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi. Kū kēia i kahi hōʻike e hōʻike ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke loaʻa ʻole. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe i loaʻa i nā pilikia. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka hopohopo. E loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi inā ʻoi aku kou ʻōpio, i ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, i loaʻa i nā biopsies o ka umauma i ka wā i hala, a i ʻole lawe i nā homone.
• Nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO kēia nā hoʻāʻo i hoʻi hou i ka maʻamau ʻoiai he maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻAʻole maopopo nā wahine i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi ʻole i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma a hoʻolohi i ka lāʻau.
• Hōʻike i ka pāhawewe he kumu pilikia ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Hōʻike nā mammogram i kou umauma i ka pāhawewe.
• Hoʻolaha. Loaʻa paha i nā mamamogram a me MRI nā kanesa ulu lohi. ʻO kēia nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻaʻole e hoʻopōkole i kou ola. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻōpala e ulu a pālahalaha, no laila ke loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻai e mālama maʻamau ʻia. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana ke hōʻeha i nā hopena ʻino.

Mammogram - ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma; Hōʻoia umauma - nānā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma; MRI - ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

ʻO Henry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. Kanesa o ka umauma. I: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. ʻO Oncology Clinical ʻo Abboff. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 88.

Pūnaewele ʻo National Cancer Institute. ʻO ka loiloi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma (PDQ) - mana ʻoihana olakino. www.kanes.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Hoʻohou ʻia ʻAukake 27, 2020. Loaʻa iā ʻOkakopa 24, 2020.

Siu AL; ʻO ka Pūʻali Hana lawelawe lawelawe US. Ke nānā ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma: ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka US Preventive Services Task Force. ʻO Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. PMID: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma
• Mammography