Hemolytic anemia

ʻO ke Anemia kahi ʻano i lawa ʻole ke kino i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula olakino. Hāʻawi nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i ka oxygen i nā aʻa o ke kino.

ʻO ka maʻamau, mau ke koko i ʻulaʻula ma kahi o 120 mau lā i ke kino. I ka hemolytic anemia, hoʻopau ʻia nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i ke koko ma mua o ka maʻamau.

ʻO ka iwi ka nui o ke kuleana o ka hana ʻana i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula hou. ʻO ka iwi iwi ka mea palupalu i waenakonu o nā iwi e kōkua ai i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hunaola āpau.

Hana ʻia kahi anemia hemolytic ke hana ʻole ka iwi iwi i ʻulaʻula e pani i nā mea e luku ʻia.

Aia kekahi mau kumu kūpono o ka hemolytic anemia. E luku ʻia nā hunaola ʻulaʻula ma muli o:

• ʻO kahi pilikia autoimmune kahi i kuhi hewa ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i kou mau ʻulaʻula koko ponoʻī ma ke ʻano he mau haole a luku iā lākou
• Nā kīnā genetic ma loko o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula (e like me ka anemia o ka cell sickle, thalassemia, a me ka hemahema G6PD)
• Hōʻike i kekahi mau kemika, nā lāʻau, a me nā toxins
• Nā maʻi ʻino
• Hoʻopili ke koko i nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi
• Hoʻololi o ke koko mai kahi mea hāʻawi me kahi ʻano koko e kūlike ʻole me ʻoe

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e loaʻa nā ʻōuli inā akahai ka anemia. Inā ulu mālie ka pilikia, ʻo nā ʻōuli mua paha:

• Manaʻo nāwaliwali a luhi paha ma mua o ka mau, a i ʻole me ka hoʻoikaika kino
• Nā manaʻo e kuʻi ana kou naʻau a heihei paha
• Poʻo poʻo poʻo
• Nā pilikia e noʻonoʻo ana a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ʻana

Inā hele a māhuahua ka anemia, hiki i nā ʻōuli ke komo pū me:

• ʻO ke kukui ke kū ʻoe i luna
• ʻIli pale
• Pokole o ka hanu
• Lelo ʻeha
• ʻLepala hoʻonui

Hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua i kapa ʻia ke helu piha o ke koko (CBC) ke kōkua i ka diagnose anemia a hāʻawi i kekahi mau hōʻailona i ke ʻano a me ke kumu o ka pilikia. ʻO nā ʻāpana nui o ka CBC e pili ana i ka helu ʻulaʻula koko (RBC), hemoglobin, a me hematocrit (HCT).

Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hemolytic anemia:

• Helu retikulii holoʻokoʻa
• Hōʻike ʻo Coombs, pololei a kuhikuhi ʻole hoʻi
• Hōʻike Donath-Landsteiner
• ʻO nā aglutinins anuanu
• Hemoglobin manuahi i ke serum a i mimi paha
• Hemosiderin i ka mimi
• Heluna pāluna
• Protein electrophoresis - serum
• Pyruvate kinase
• Nā pae haptoglobin serum
• Serum LDH
• Ka pae ʻo Carboxyhemoglobin
  

Pili ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano a me ke kumu o ka hemolytic anemia:

• I nā wā pōpilikia, pono paha kahi transfusion koko.
• No nā kumu pale ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau e kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana pale.
• Ke luku ʻia nā hunaola koko i ka wikiwiki, pono paha i ke kino ke nui aʻe o ka waikawa folic a me nā mea hoʻohui hao e pani i ka mea e nalowale ana.

I nā hihia kakaikahi, pono ke ʻoki e lawe i waho o ka palapū. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka spleen e hana ma ke ʻano he kānana e lawe i nā keena ʻino mai ke koko.

Pili ka hopena i ke ʻano a me ke kumu o ka hemolytic anemia. Hiki i ka anemia koʻikoʻi ke hōʻeha i ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka maʻi māmā, a i ʻole ka maʻi cerebrovascular.

Kāhea i kāu mea mālama ola inā e hoʻomohala ʻoe i nā ʻōuli o ka hemolytic anemia.

Anemia - hemolytic

• ʻUla koko ʻulaʻula, ʻili maʻiʻo
• Nā hunaola ʻulaʻula - nā ʻāpana sickle he nui
• ʻUla koko ʻulaʻula
• Nā hunaola ʻulaʻula - maʻi pahi a me Pappenheimer
• Nā pūnaewele koko

ʻO Brodsky RA. ʻO Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria nocturnal. I: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Nā Kumumanaʻo a me ka Hoʻomeheu. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 31.

ʻO Gallagher PG. Hemolytic anemias: ʻulaʻula koko membrane a me nā kīnā metabolik. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 152.

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Nā ʻōnaehana Hematopoietic a me lymphoid. I: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, eds. ʻO Robbins Basic Pathology. 10 o ka lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 12.