Anemia

ʻO ke Anemia kahi ʻano i lawa ʻole ke kino i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula olakino. Hāʻawi nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i ka oxygen i nā aʻa o ke kino.

ʻO nā ʻano anemia like ʻole:

• Anemia ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka wikamina B12
• Anemia ma muli o ka hemahema o ka folate (folic acid)
• Anemia ma muli o ka hemahema o ka hao
• Anemia o ka maʻi maʻi
• Hemolytic anemia
• Idiopathic aplastic anemia
• Anemia Megaloblastic
• Anemia anela
• Anemia maʻi maʻi maʻi
• Thalassemia

ʻO ka anemia hemahema hao ka ʻano maʻamau o ka anemia.

ʻOiai nui nā ʻāpana o ke kino e kōkua i ka hana ʻana i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hana i ka iwi o ka iwi. ʻO ka iwi iwi ka mea palupalu i waenakonu o nā iwi e kōkua ai i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hunaola āpau.

ʻO nā kino ʻulaʻula olakino olakino ma waena o 90 a 120 mau lā. A laila lawe i nā ʻāpana o kou kino i nā huna koko kahiko. ʻO kahi hormone i kapa ʻia ʻo erythropoietin (epo) i hana ʻia i loko o kou puʻupaʻa e hōʻailona i kou iwi iwi e hana i nā ʻula koko ʻulaʻula.

ʻO Hemoglobin ka protein e hāpai ana i ka oxygen ma loko o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula. Hāʻawi ia i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i ko lākou kala. ʻAʻole lawa ka hemoglobin o ka poʻe me ka anemia.

Pono ke kino i kekahi mau huaora, minelala, a me nā meaola e lawa pono ai nā hunaola ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hao, ka huaʻai B12, a me ka waikawa folic ʻekolu o nā mea nui loa. ʻAʻole lawa paha ke kino o kēia mau meaola ma muli o:

• Nā loli i ka pale o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpū e hoʻopili i ka hopena o ka momona o nā momona (e laʻa me ka maʻi celiac)
• ʻAi maikaʻi ʻole
• ʻO ke kaha e hemo ai i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpū

ʻO nā kumu kūpono o ka anemia me:

• Ka hemahema hao
• Ka nele o ka Vitamin B12
• Ka hemahema folate
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau kekahi
• Ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula ma mua o ka maʻamau (i kumu ʻia e nā pilikia ʻōnaehana pale)
• Nā maʻi wā lōʻihi (mau) e like me nā maʻi puʻuwai mau, maʻi ʻaʻai, colitis ulcerative, a i ʻole rheumatoid arthritis
• ʻO kekahi ʻano anemia, e like me ka thalassemia a i ʻole ka anemia cell sickle, hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia
• Hapai keiki
• Nā pilikia me ka iwi iwi e like me lymphoma, leukemia, myelodysplasia, myeloma maha, a i ʻole aplastic anemia
• Lohi i ke koko kahe (no ka laʻana, mai nā wā menstrual kaumaha a i ʻole nā ​​puʻupuʻu o ka ʻōpū)
• Kahe nui ʻana o ke koko

ʻAʻohe ou mau ʻōuli inā akahai ka anemia a i ʻole ke hoʻomōloli o ka ulu ʻana o ka pilikia. ʻO nā ʻōuli e kū mua ʻia e komo pū me:

• Manaʻo nāwaliwali a luhi paha ma mua o ka mau, a i ʻole me ka hoʻoikaika kino
• Poʻo poʻo poʻo
• Nā pilikia e noʻonoʻo ana a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ʻana
• Huhū
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole
• Numbness a me ke kani ʻana o nā lima a me nā wāwae

Inā hele a māhuahua ka anemia, hiki i nā ʻōuli ke komo pū me:

• ʻO kaʻulaʻula polū i nā keʻokeʻo o nā maka
• Nā kui kuʻi
• Makemake e ʻai i ka hau a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻai ʻole (pica syndrome)
• ʻO ke kukui ke kū ʻoe i luna
• Waihoʻoluʻu pale
• Ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu me ka hana akahai a i ʻole i ka maha
• Lelo hōʻeha a kuni paha
• Ulcer waha
• ʻO ke kahe maʻamau a hoʻonui ʻia paha o ka menstrual i nā wahine
• Loaʻa o ka makemake moekolohe i nā kāne

E hana ana ka mea hāʻawi i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino, a loaʻa paha:

• ʻŪhū he puʻuwai
• Ke kahe haʻahaʻa, ʻoi loa ke kū ʻoe i luna
• Ke kuni liʻiliʻi
• ʻIli pale
• Helu puʻuwai wikiwiki

Hiki i kekahi ʻano o ke anemia ke kumu i nā hopena ʻē aʻe ma kahi hōʻike kino.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko e kuhikuhi i kekahi ʻano o ka anemia e like me:

• Nā pae koko o ka hao, wikamina B12, folic acid, a me nā wikamina a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe
• Helu piha koko
• Helu helu Retikulosit

Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e loaʻa nā pilikia olakino e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka anemia.

Pono e kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau ma ke kumu o ka anemia, a hiki pū paha me:

• Hoʻokahe koko
• Corticosteroids a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau e kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana pale
• ʻO Erythropoietin, kahi lāʻau e kōkua i kou iwi iwi e hoʻonui i nā huna koko
• Pākuʻi hao, wikamina B12, folic acid, a i ʻole nā ​​wikamina a me nā minelala

Hiki i ka anemia koʻikoʻi ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae oxygen ma nā mea ola e like me ka puʻuwai, a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka anemia a i ʻole ke kahe koko ʻole.

• Nā koko ʻulaʻula - elliptocytosis
• Nā koko ʻulaʻula - spherocytosis
• Nā hunaola ʻulaʻula - nā ʻāpana sickle he nui
• ʻOvalvaltosis
• Nā hunaola ʻulaʻula - maʻi pahi a me Pappenheimer
• Nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola target
• Hemoglobin

ʻO Elghetany MT, Schexneider KI, Banki K. Nā maʻi Erythrocytic. I: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, hua. ʻO kā Henry's Clinical Diagnosis a me Management e nā Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 32.

Lin JC. Hele i ka anemia i ke kanaka makua a me ke keiki. I: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Nā Kumumanaʻo a me ka Hoʻomeheu. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 34.

ʻO RT. Hele i nā anemias. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 149.