Fiva

ʻO ka fiva ka hoʻonui iki ʻana o ke ana wela o ke kino i ka pane ʻana i kahi maʻi a maʻi paha.

Loaʻa ke kuni o ke keiki ke ʻoi aku ka mahana ma luna o kekahi o kēia mau pae.

• 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) ana ʻia i ka lalo (pololei)
• 99.5 ° F (37.5 ° C) i ana ʻia i ka waha (waha waha)
• 99 ° F (37.2 ° C) ana ʻia ma lalo o ka lima (axillary)

Loaʻa ke kuni o ke kanaka makua ke ʻoi aku ka mahana ma luna o 99 ° F a 99.5 ° F (37.2 ° C a 37.5 ° C), kaukaʻi ʻia i ka manawa o ka lā.

E loli paha ka mahana o ke kino i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOi ka kiʻekiʻe ma ke ahiahi. ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili i ka mahana o ke kino:

• ʻO ka pōʻai menstrual o kahi wahine. I ka ʻāpana ʻelua o kēia pōʻaiapuni, piʻi paha kāna mahana ma 1 kekelē a ʻoi paha.
• ʻO ka hana kino, ka manaʻo ikaika, ka ʻai ʻana, nā lole kaumaha, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ke ana wela o ke keʻena kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻonui i ka mahana o ke kino.

ʻO ka fiva kahi ʻāpana nui o ka pale o ke kino i ka maʻi. ʻO ka hapanui o nā koʻohune a me nā mea ʻino e hoʻopōmaikaʻi i nā maʻi i ka poʻe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma 98.6 ° F (37 ° C). Nui nā pēpē a me nā keiki e hoʻomohala i nā fiva kiʻekiʻe me nā maʻi viral mehana. ʻOiai ke kuni nei kahi kuni e hana ana paha ke kaua i ke kino, ke hakakā nei ke kuni, ʻaʻole kūʻē i ke kanaka.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻino ka lolo mai kahi kuni ke ʻole ʻoi aku ka wela ma 107.6 ° F (42 ° C). ʻO nā fiva i hana ʻole ʻia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi e hele pinepine ʻole ma luna o 105 ° F (40.6 ° C) ke ʻole ke kāʻei ʻia o ke keiki a i kahi wela.

Hoʻopili ka lā ʻoi loa i kekahi mau keiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hopu ʻana o nā febrile ua hala koke a ʻaʻole ia he maʻi epilepsy kāu keiki. ʻAʻole kēia mau hopu ʻana i kumu e hōʻeha mau loa.

ʻO nā fiva i wehewehe ʻole ʻia e hoʻomau i mau lā a i ʻole mau pule i kapa ʻia nā fiva o ke kumu i hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia (FUO).

ʻAneʻane hiki i nā maʻi āpau ke kumu i ke kuni, me:

• Nā maʻi o ka iwi (osteomyelitis), appendicitis, nā maʻi o ka ʻili a i ʻole cellulitis, a me ka meningitis
• Nā maʻi hanu e like me ke anu a me nā maʻi like flu, nā ʻāʻī ʻeha, nā maʻi pepeiao, nā maʻi sinus, mononucleosis, bronchitis, pneumonia, a me ka tuberculosis
• Nā maʻi maʻi urinary
• ʻO Gastroenteritis Viral a me ka gastroenteritis koʻohune

Loaʻa i nā keiki kahi fiva haʻahaʻa no 1 a i ʻole 2 mau lā ma hope o kekahi pale ʻana.

Hiki i ka niho ke hoʻonui iki i ka mahana o ke keiki, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 ° F (37.8 ° C).

Hiki i nā maʻi autoimmune a i ʻole nā ​​mea hōʻeha ke kumu i nā fiva. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana:

• ʻO nā maʻi a me nā maʻi pilikino e like me rheumatoid arthritis a me systemic lupus erythematosus
• ʻO ka ulcerative colitis a me ka maʻi Crohn
• ʻO Vasculitis a i ʻole periarteritis nodosa

ʻO ka ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai he kuni paha. ʻOiaʻiʻo nō kēia no ka maʻi Hodgkin, lymphoma non-Hodgkin, a me leukemia.

Nā kumu kūpono ʻē aʻe o ke kuni me:

• Hoʻopaʻa koko a thrombophlebitis paha
• ʻO nā lāʻau, e like me kekahi lāʻau ʻalopika, antihistamines, a me nā lāʻau hopu

ʻO ke anuanu a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi viral ʻē aʻe i kekahi manawa ke kumu i kahi wela nui (102 ° F a 104 ° F a 38.9 ° C a 40 ° C). ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo he pilikia koʻikoʻi kāu a i ʻole ʻo kāu keiki. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mau maʻi kūpilikiʻi ke kumu i ka fiva a i ʻole hiki ke kumu i kahi mahana haʻahaʻa o ke kino, pinepine i nā pēpē.

Inā mālie ke kuni a ʻaʻohe ou pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i ka lāʻau. Inu i nā wai a hoʻomaha.

ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi paha ka maʻi inā ʻo kāu keiki:

• Makemake mau paha ia i ka pāʻani ʻana
• Ke ʻai nei a inu maikaʻi paha
• Makaʻala a ʻakaʻaka iā ʻoe
• He kala ʻili kona
• ʻIke maikaʻi ke iho mai kā lākou mahana

E hana i nā ala e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i kahi kuni inā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻoe a ʻo kāu keiki paha, ka luaʻi, hoʻomaloʻo (maloʻo), a ʻaʻole hiamoe maikaʻi. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka pahuhopu ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hoʻopau, ke kuni.

Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kahi kuni:

• MAI hoʻopili pū i kahi mea ʻalalā.
• Wehe i nā lole a lole nui paha. E ʻoluʻolu ka lumi, ʻaʻole wela a anuanu hoʻi. E hoʻāʻo i kahi papa o nā lole māmā, a hoʻokahi pale lole māmā no ka hiamoe. Inā wela a hū paha ka lumi, kōkua paha kahi mea pā.
• Hiki i kahi ʻauʻau ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau hue e kōkua i ke anuanu i kekahi me ke kuni. Maikaʻi kēia ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau - i ʻole e kū aʻe ka mahana i luna i luna.
• Mai hoʻohana i nā ʻauʻau anuanu, ka hau, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala ʻalekohola. Hoʻomaʻalili kēia mau ʻili i ka ʻili, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana ma o ka haʻalulu ʻana, kahi e hoʻāla ai i ka mahana o ke kino.

Eia kekahi mau kulekele no ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ke kuni.

• ʻO Acetaminophen (Tylenol) a me ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ke kuni i nā keiki a me nā mākua. I kekahi manawa aʻoaʻo ka poʻe lawelawe olakino iā ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻelua.
• E lawe i ka acetaminophen i kēlā me kēia 4 a 6 mau hola. Hana ia ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka therestat o ka lolo.
• E lawe i ka ibuprofen i kēlā me kēia 6 a 8 mau hola. Mai hoʻohana i ka ibuprofen i nā keiki 6 mau mahina a ʻoi paha.
• Maikaʻi loa ka aspirin no ka mālama ʻana i ke kuni i nā mākua. MAI hāʻawi i ka aspirin i kahi keiki ke ʻole ka mea a kāu keiki e haʻi aku iā ʻoe.
• E ʻike i kaupaona o ʻoe a o kāu keiki paha. A laila e nānā i nā ʻōkuhi ma ka pūʻolo e ʻike i ka mahele lāʻau kūpono.
• I nā keiki he 3 mau mahina a ʻoi paha, e kāhea i ka mea hāʻawi i kāu keiki ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau.

ʻAi a me ka inu ʻana:

• Pono nā kānaka āpau, nā keiki paha, e inu i nā wai he nui. ʻO ka wai, nā poli hau, ka sup, a me ka gelatin nā koho maikaʻi āpau.
• I nā keiki ʻōpio, mai hāʻawi i ka wai huaʻai a i ʻole ka wai ʻāpala, a mai hāʻawi i nā mea inu haʻuki.
• ʻOiai maikaʻi ka ʻai ʻana, mai hoʻoikaika i nā meaʻai.

Kāhea koke i kahi mea hāʻawi inā kāu keiki:

• He 3 mau mahina a ʻoi aku paha a ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) a ʻoi paha ke kiʻekiʻe
• He 3 a 12 paha kona mau makahiki a loaʻa ke kuni o 102.2 ° F (39 ° C) a ʻoi aku paha
• He 2 a ʻoi paha makahiki a ʻoi aku ka wela o ke kuni ma mua o 24 a 48 mau hola
• He ʻelemakule a he kuni ka lōʻihi ma mua o 48 a 72 mau hola
• Loaʻa ke kuni o 105 ° F (40.5 ° C) a ʻoi paha, ke ʻole e iho maʻalahi me ka lapaʻau a ʻoluʻolu ke kanaka.
• Loaʻa nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i kahi maʻi e pono e mālama ʻia, e like me ka ʻāʻī ʻeha, ʻeha ka pepeiao, a me ka ʻūhā paha
• Ua hele mai nā fiva a hala i hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi paha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa kēia mau fiva
• Loaʻa iā ia kahi maʻi olakino koʻikoʻi, e like me ka pilikia o ka puʻuwai, anemia cell sickle, diabetes, a i ʻole cystic fibrosis
• I kēia manawa ua loaʻa kahi maʻi pale
• Loaʻa i kahi ʻōpala a ʻeha paha hou
• He ʻeha me ka mimiki
• Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōnaehana nawaliwali nāwaliwali (ma muli o ka lōkihi o ka [steroid] steroid therapy, kahi iwi iwi a i ʻole ke hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā ʻōpala, ka hemo ʻana o ka iwi, HIV / AIDS, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Ua huakaʻi hele i kekahi ʻāina ʻē

Kāhea koke i kāu mea hāʻawi inā he makua ʻoe a ʻo ʻoe:

• Loaʻa i ke kuni o 105 ° F (40.5 ° C) a ʻoi paha, ke ʻole e iho maʻalahi me ka lapaʻau a ʻoluʻolu ʻoe
• E loaʻa i kahi kuni e hoʻomau a piʻi paha ma luna o 103 ° F (39.4 ° C)
• Loaʻa ke kuni no ka lōʻihi ma mua o 48 a 72 mau hola
• Ua hele mai nā fiva a hele a hala i hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi paha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa
• Loaʻa i kahi maʻi olakino koʻikoʻi, e like me ka pilikia o ka puʻuwai, anemia maʻi maʻi maʻi, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, COPD, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia māmā ʻē aʻe (lōʻihi)
• Loaʻa i kahi ʻōpala a ʻūpā hou paha
• Loaʻa kaʻeha me ka urination
• Loaʻa i kahi ʻōnaehana palewaliwali nāwaliwali (mai ka steroid therapy mau loa, kahi iwi o ka iwi a hoʻoneʻe hoʻoneʻe, wehe ʻāpala, HIV / AIDS, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai)
• Ua huakaʻi hele i kekahi ʻāina ʻē

Kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko inā he kuni kāu a ʻo kāu keiki paha:

• Ke uē nei a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu ʻia (keiki)
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻāla maʻalahi a i ʻole
• ʻIke piʻoloke
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hele
• Loaʻa ka paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana, ʻoiai ma hope o ka holoi ʻana o ka ihu
• Loaʻa nā lehelehe polū, ke alelo, a i ʻole nā ​​kui
• He ʻeha poʻo poʻo ʻino loa
• He ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa kona
• Hōʻole e hoʻoneʻe i kahi lima a wāwae paha (keiki)
• Loaʻa ka hopu ʻana

E hana ana kāu mea hāʻawi i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. Pākuʻi paha kēia i ka nānā kikoʻī i ka ʻili, nā maka, nā pepeiao, ka ihu, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma, a me ka ʻōpū e nānā no ke kumu o ke kuni.

Pili ka mālama ʻana i ka lōʻihi a me ke kumu o ke kuni, a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe.

E hana ʻia paha kēia mau hoʻāʻo:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko, e like me CBC a i ʻole ka hoʻokae koko
• Urinalysis
• X-ray o ka umauma

ʻOhana wela kiʻekiʻe; Hyperthermia; Pyrexia; Fepile

• ʻO ke anuanu a me ka maʻi palū - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka - makua
• ʻO ke anuanu a me ka maʻi palū - he aha kāu e noi aku ai i kāu kauka - keiki
• ʻO ka hopu ʻana i ka hopena - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
• Ke kuni kāu pēpē a pēpē paha

• Mahana wela
• Ana ana wela

Leggett JE. ʻO ke hoʻokokoke aku i ka fiva a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻino i manaʻo ʻia ma ka mea hoʻokipa maʻamau. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 264.

Nield LS, Kamat D. Fever. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 201.