Hypervitaminosis A

ʻO Hypervitaminosis A kahi maʻi kahi i nui ka nui o ka wikamina A i loko o ke kino.

ʻO ka Wikamina A kahi wikamina hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka momona i mālama ʻia i ke ake. Nui nā meaʻai i loko o ka huaʻai A, me:

• ʻAi, iʻa, a me nā moa
• Nā huahana waiū
• ʻO kekahi mau huaʻai a me nā mea kanu

ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻopihapiha papaʻai pū kekahi me ka wikamina A.

ʻO nā mea hoʻohui ke kumu maʻamau o ka toxine ʻo ka wikamina A. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia mai ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai momona A-momona.

Hiki i ka nui o ka wikamina A ke hōʻeha iā ʻoe. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau nui i ka wā hāpai hiki ke hana i nā kīnā hānau.

• Huʻi koke ka lāʻauʻawa A. Hiki iā ia ke hana ke lawe ke kanaka makua i mau haneli mau tausani hui honua (IU) o ka huaora A.
• Hiki ke kupu ka lāʻau ʻona A ma luna o ka manawa o ka poʻe mākua e lawe pinepine ma mua o 25,000 IU i ka lā.
• ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā pēpē a me nā keiki i ka wikamina A. Hiki iā lākou ke maʻi ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i nā lā liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā huahana e ale ʻia i ka lāʻau A, e like me ka kirima ʻili me retinol i loko o ia mea, hiki pū ke kumu i ka lāʻau make A.

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli:

• Ka palupalu maʻamau o ka iwi iwi poʻo (i nā pēpē a me nā keiki)
• ʻIke makapō
• Ka iwi ʻeha a ʻōhū paha
• ʻO ka ʻōhū o ka wahi palupalu i ka iwi poʻo o ka pēpē (fontanelle)
• Hoʻololi i ka makaʻala a i ʻole ka ʻike
• Hoʻoemi i ka makemake
• Puʻupuʻu
• ʻO ka hihiʻo pālua (i nā keiki ʻōpio)
• Hiamoe
• Hoʻololi ka lauoho, e like me ka lauoho lauoho a me ka lauoho aila
• ʻEha poʻo
• Huhū
• Poino ke ake
• Nusea
• Loaʻa maikaʻi ʻole (i nā pēpē a me nā keiki)
• Hoʻololi ka ʻili, e like me ka haki ʻana i nā kihi o ka waha, ʻike kiʻekiʻe i ka lā, ʻili aila, ʻili, ʻili, a me melemele i ka ʻili.
• Hoʻololi ka hihiʻo
• ʻO ka luaʻi

Hana ʻia paha kēia mau hoʻāʻo inā e manaʻo ʻia kahi pae vitamona kiʻekiʻe:

• Iwi-kukuna
• Hōʻike calcium o ke koko
• Hōʻike Cholesterol
• Hoʻoikaika hana ate
• Hōʻoia ke koko e nānā i ka pae vitamona A
• Hōʻaʻo koko e nānā i nā pae huaora ʻē aʻe

Hoʻopau ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻōki wale ʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha (a i ʻole i nā hihia kakaikahi, nā meaʻai) i loaʻa ka huaora A.

Ola hou ka hapa nui o ka poʻe.

Hiki i nā pilikia ke hoʻopili:

• Kūlana kalipuna kiʻekiʻe loa
• ʻO ka holomua ʻole (i nā pēpē)
• ʻO ka hōʻino kīhāpai ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium
• Poino ke ake

ʻO ka lawe nui ʻana i ka wikamina A i ka wā hāpai e hoʻonā i nā hānau hānau. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana i kahi papaʻai kūpono ke hāpai ʻoe.

E kāhea ʻoe i kāu mea hāʻawi:

• Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻo ʻoe a ʻo kāu keiki paha ua lawe i ka nui o ka wikamina A
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o ka wikamina A keu

Ehia mau vitamona A e pono ai i kāu makahiki a me ka wahine. ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hāpai ʻana a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, he mea nui kekahi. E nīnau i kāu mea hāʻawi i nā mea e pono ai nāu.

I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka hypervitaminosis A, mai lawe i nā mea ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ʻae no kēlā me kēia lā o kēia lāʻau.

Lawe kekahi poʻe i ka huaʻai A a me ka beta carotene supplement i ka manaʻoio e kōkua ia e pale aku i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hypervitaminosis maʻi mau inā lawe ka poʻe i nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia.

Wikamina A mea ʻona

• Kumuwaiwai A

Institute o Medicine (US) Panel ma nā Micronutrients. Nā ʻai kuhikuhi papaʻai no ka Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, a me Zinc. Wakinekona, DC: National Academies Press; 2001. PMID: 25057538 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25057538/.

James WD, Elston DM, Hana iā JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Nā maʻi kūpono. I: James WD, Elston DM, mālama iā JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Nā maʻi o ka ʻili ʻo Andrews. 13th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 22.

ʻO Mason JB, Booth SL. ʻO nā wikamina, nā minela ukali, a me nā micronutrients ʻē aʻe. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 205.

Roberts NB, Taylor A, Sodi R. Wikamina a me nā kumuhana. I: Rifai N, ed. ʻO Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry a me nā Molecular Diagnostics. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 37.

ʻO Ross AC. Nā hemahema o ka wikamina A a ʻoi aku. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 61.