Mea Kākau: William Ramirez
Lā O Ka Hana: 17 Kepakemapa 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 16 Nowemapa 2024
Anonim
Asthma | Pathophysiology
Wikiō: Asthma | Pathophysiology

ʻO ka Asthma kahi maʻi maʻi mau e hoʻohuli a hāiki nā ala o ke kahawai. Hiki i ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana e like me ke kani ʻana, ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka paʻa ʻana o ka umauma, a me ke kaʻe.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Asthma e ka ʻōhū ʻana. Ke hiki mai kahi hoʻouka hānō, pehu ka uhi o nā ʻāpana lewa a paʻa nā mākala e pili ana i nā alaloa. Hoʻoemi kēia i ka nui o ka ea i hiki ke hele ma waena o ke alaloa.

Hiki ke kumu ʻia nā hōʻailona Asthma e ka hanu ʻana i nā mea i kapa ʻia he allergens a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻoulu, a i ʻole nā ​​kumu ʻē aʻe.

Pākuʻi hānō maʻamau i:

  • Nā holoholona (lauoho hānai a i ʻole dander)
  • Pepeiao lepo
  • Nā lāʻau lapaʻau (aspirin a me nā NSAIDS)
  • Nā hoʻololi i ka wā (ke anuanu pinepine)
  • Nā kemika i ka lewa a i ʻole ka meaʻai
  • ʻOihana hoʻoikaika kino
  • Punahelu
  • Pollen
  • Nā maʻi hanu, e like me ke anuanu maʻamau
  • Emotional ikaika (stress)
  • Powa paka

Hiki i nā mea i loko o kekahi mau wahi hana ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻōuli hānō, e alakaʻi ana i ka hānō hana. ʻO nā mea hoʻonāukiuki maʻamau ka lepo o ka lāʻau, ka lepo o ka palaoa, ka ʻalalā holoholona, ​​ka fungi, a me nā kemika.


He nui ka poʻe me ka hānō i kahi pilikino pilikino a ʻohana paha o nā maʻi āpau, e like me ka huh fever (allerg rhinitis) a i ʻole eczema. ʻAʻohe o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka mōʻaukala.

Hoʻololi nā ʻōuli Asthma i kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO kahi laʻana, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona i nā manawa āpau a i ʻole ka hapanui i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me ka hānō e hōʻeha i ka hoʻouka ʻia e nā wā me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka lōʻihi o ka hanu me nā hanana o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hanu. ʻO ka wīwī a i ʻole ka kahe paha ka hōʻailona nui.

Hiki i nā hōʻeha Asthma ke hala i mau minuke i nā lā. Hiki ke hoʻomaka koke kahi hoʻouka hānō a ulu lohi paha i mau mau hola a mau lā paha. Hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli inā paʻa nui ka airflow.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka hānō e pili pū ana:

  • Cough me ka ʻole a i ʻole ka sputum (phlegm) hana
  • Ke huki nei i ka ʻili ma waena o nā iwi ʻaoʻao i ka hanu ʻana (intercostal retractions)
  • Ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka hana
  • Pākuʻi i ke kani a i ʻole ke kani i kou hanu ʻana
  • ʻEha a paʻa paha i ka umauma
  • Hilikia hiamoe
  • ʻO ka maʻamau hanu maʻamau (ʻo ka hanu ʻana ma waho o ʻelua mau manawa a ʻoi ka lōʻihi o ka hanu ʻana i loko)

Nā hōʻailona pilikia e pono ai i ke kōkua olakino wikiwiki e komo pū me:


  • ʻO kaʻulaʻula Bluish i nā lehelehe a me ka maka
  • Hoemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makaʻala, e like me ka hiamoe nui a i ʻole huikau, i ka wā o ka hoʻouka hānō
  • Hoʻopilikia loa i ka hanu ʻana
  • Pākuʻi wikiwiki
  • Hopohopo nui ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu
  • Hoʻoulu
  • Ka ʻōlelo paʻakikī
  • Kū iki ka hanu ʻana

E hoʻohana ka mea mālama ola i kahi stethoscope e hoʻolohe i kāu mau māmā. Lohe paha i kekahi mau leo ​​e pili ana i ka hānō. Lawe ka mea hāʻawi i kāu mōʻaukala olakino a nīnau e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i kauoha ʻia e komo pū:

  • ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai - hoʻāʻo o ka ʻili a i ʻole ke hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko e ʻike inā he maʻi kūpale kekahi kanaka me ka hānō i kekahi mau mea
  • Ke kinoea koko Arterial - hana pinepine ʻia i ka poʻe e loaʻa nei i ka hōʻeha hānō nui loa
  • X-ray umauma - e kāpae i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe
  • Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hana Lung, me nā ana kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana:

  • Kaohi i ka pehu o ke ala ea
  • Ka palena o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea i hoʻonāukiuki i kāu mau ʻōuli
  • Kōkua iā ʻoe e hiki ke hana i nā hana maʻamau me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻōuli hānō

Pono ʻoe a me kāu mea lawelawe e hana ma ke ʻano he kime e hoʻokele i kāu mau hōʻailona hānō. E hāhai i nā ʻōkuhi a kāu mea hāʻawi i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau, hoʻopau i nā mea hānō, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōuli.


NA LAAU LAPAAU NO ASTHMA

ʻElua ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka hānō:

  • Kaohi i nā lāʻau e kōkua ai i ka pale ʻana i nā hoʻouka
  • ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau hōʻoluʻolu (hoʻopakele) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā hoʻouka

NA LAAU LOA-OLELO LOA

Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mālama a mālama i nā lāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e pale i nā ʻōuli i ka poʻe me ka hānō maʻamau a koʻikoʻi. Pono ʻoe e lawe iā lākou i kēlā me kēia lā no kā lākou hana. Lawe iā lākou ke manaʻo ʻoe maikaʻi.

Hanu ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lōʻihi (inhaled), e like me nā steroid a me nā beta-agonist hana lōʻihi. Lawe ʻia nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e ka waha (waha). E kuhikuhi ana kāu mea hāʻawi i ka lāʻau kūpono no ʻoe.

NA LAAU LAPAAU LOA

Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he lāʻau hoʻōla. Lawe ʻia lākou:

  • No ka puʻu ʻana, ka huehue ʻana, pilikia i ka hanu ʻana, a i ka wā o ka hōʻeha hānō
  • Ma mua o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōuli hānō

E haʻi i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻoe e hoʻohana nei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau wikiwiki i ʻelua mau manawa o ka pule a ʻoi. Inā pēlā, ʻaʻole paha e kāohi ʻia kāu hānō. Hoʻololi paha kāu mea hāʻawi i ka lāʻau a i ʻole kāu lāʻau hoʻomalu hānō i kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau hōʻola wikiwiki:

  • Hana ʻia nā bronchodilator i hana ʻia pōkole
  • ʻO Corticosteroids waha no kahi hoʻouka hika nui

ʻO kahi hoʻouka hānō nui e koi ai i kahi loiloi e ke kauka. Pono paha ʻoe e noho i kahi haukapila. Ma laila, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i ka oxygen, kōkua kōkua hanu, a me nā lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma o ke aa (IV).

MALAMA O ASTHMA MA KA HALE

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana e hōʻemi ai i ka hiki i nā hōʻeha hānō:

  • E ʻike i nā ʻōuli hānō e kiaʻi ai.
  • E ʻike pehea e lawe ai i kāu heluhelu kahe kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano o ia.
  • E ʻike i nā mea e hoʻonāukiuki i kou hānō a ʻoi aku ka mea e hana ai ke hiki.
  • E ʻike pehea e mālama ai i kāu hānō ma mua a i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino a hoʻoikaika kino paha.

Kākau ʻia nā hana hana Asthma i nā palapala no ka mālama ʻana i ka hānō. Pono e komo i kahi papa hana hānō:

  • Nā ʻōkuhi no ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hānō ke kūpaʻa kou ʻano
  • ʻO kahi papa inoa o nā hānō e hoʻomaka a pehea e pale aku ai iā lākou
  • Pehea e ʻike ai i ka wā e maikaʻi ai kāu hānō, a i ka manawa hea e kāhea ai i kāu mea hāʻawi

ʻO ka mika kahe ka piko kahi mīkini maʻalahi e ana i ka wikiwiki o kou neʻe ʻana i ka ea mai kou mau māmā.

  • Hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike inā e hiki mai ana kahi hoʻouka, i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hōʻailona. ʻO nā ana kahe ka piko e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka wā e pono ai ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​hana ʻē aʻe.
  • ʻO nā kumukūʻai kahe ka piko o 50% a 80% o kāu hopena maikaʻi loa he hōʻailona ia o kahi hōʻeha hānō hānai. ʻO nā helu ma lalo o 50% kahi hōʻailona o kahi hoʻouka kaua koʻikoʻi.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hānō, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻōuli ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka manawa. Me ka mālama pono ʻana a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe me ka hānō e hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi ola maʻamau.

Hiki ke koʻikoʻi nā pilikia o ka hānō, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

  • Make
  • Hoʻoemi i ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika kino a komo i nā hana ʻē aʻe
  • Ka nele o ka hiamoe ma muli o nā ʻōuli o ka pō
  • Hoʻololi mau i ka hana o nā mumū
  • Mū kūmau
  • Ka hanu pilikia e koi ai i ke kōkua hanu (ventilator)

Kāhea aku i kāu mea hoʻolako no kahi kau inā e ulu nā hōʻailona hānō.

Kāhea koke aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā:

  • ʻO kahi hoʻouka hānō e koi ai i nā lāʻau hou aʻe ma mua o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia
  • Hele a maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​ʻōuli a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole paha me ka lāʻau
  • He hanu kou ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana
  • ʻO ke ana kiʻekiʻe o kāu kahe 50% a 80% o kāu pono ponoʻī

E hele koke i ka lumi pilikia inā kū kēia mau ʻōuli.

  • Hiamoe a huikau paha
  • ʻO ka hanu nui loa i ka maha
  • ʻO ke ana kiʻekiʻe o ke kahe o lalo o 50% o kāu pono ponoʻī
  • ʻEha ʻeha puʻuwai
  • ʻO kaʻulaʻula Bluish i nā lehelehe a me ka maka
  • Hoʻopilikia loa i ka hanu ʻana
  • Pākuʻi wikiwiki
  • Hopohopo nui ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i nā ʻōuli hānō e ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea e hoʻonāukiuki i nā ea.

  • Uhi i nā wahi moe me nā casings allergy-proof e hōʻemi i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mites lepo.
  • Wehe i nā kapeta mai nā lumi moe a me ka hakahaka mau.
  • Hoʻohana i nā detergent unscented ʻole wale nō a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka home.
  • E hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae haʻahaʻa a hoʻoponopono i nā kahe e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā meaola e like me ka pala.
  • E mālama i ka maʻemaʻe o ka hale a mālama i ka meaʻai i loko o nā ipu a me nā lumi moe. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hiki o ka ʻāpiki. Hiki i nā ʻāpana o ke kino a me nā palapalā mai nā ipukū ke hoʻoulu i ka hānō i kekahi poʻe.
  • Inā maʻi kekahi i kahi holoholona i hiki ʻole ke hemo mai ka home, pono e mālama ʻia ka holoholona mai ka lumi moe. E hoʻonoho i nā mea kānana ma luna o nā wahi hoʻomehana / air hoʻoikaika i kou home e pahele i ka ʻaʻa holoholona. Hoʻololi pinepine i ka kānana i nā kapuahi a me nā mea hoʻolele ea.
  • Hoʻopau i ka uahi paka mai ka home. ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa a ka ʻohana e hana ai e kōkua i kekahi me ka hānō. ʻAʻole lawa ka puhipaka ma waho o ka hale. ʻO nā lālā o ka ʻohana a me nā malihini kipa i waho e hāpai i ke koena o ka uahi i loko o ko lākou lole a me ka lauoho. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻomaka i nā ʻōuli hānō. Inā puhi ʻoe, he manawa kūpono kēia e haʻalele.
  • Hōʻalo i ka haumia o ka lewa, ka lepo ʻenehana, a me nā uahi hoʻonāukiuki e like me ka hiki.

Hānō Bronchial; Wheezing - hānō - nā mākua

  • Asthma a me ke kula
  • Asthma - kaohi lāʻau
  • Asthma i nā mākua - he aha e nīnau ai i ke kauka
  • Asthma - nā lāʻau hoʻōla wikiwiki
  • ʻO ka bronchoconstrict i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka hoʻoikaika kino
  • Ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka hānō ma ke kula
  • Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kahi nebulizer
  • Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kahi inhaler - ʻaʻohe spacer
  • Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kahi inhaler - me ka spacer
  • Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kāu mika kahe kiʻekiʻe
  • E maʻa mau i ka piko
  • Nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻouka hānō
  • Noho mamao aku i nā pākī hānō
  • ʻO ka huakaʻi me nā pilikia hanu
  • Lungs
  • ʻO Spirometry
  • Asthma
  • Mika kahe kawa
  • ʻO Bronchiole Asthmatic a me ka bronchiole maʻamau
  • ʻO nā hānā hānō maʻamau
  • Ka hānō i hoʻoikaika ʻia ma ka hoʻoikaika kino
  • ʻŌnaehana hanu
  • Hoʻohana Spacer - Series
  • Hoʻohana inhaler mahele lāʻau - Series
  • Hoʻohana Nebulizer - moʻo
  • Hoʻohana ka mika kahe kiʻekiʻe - Series

Boulet L-P, Godbout K. Kānāwai o ka hānō i nā mākua. I: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Nā Manaʻo a me ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 51.

Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. ʻO ka rhinitis Allergic a me kona hopena i nā alakaʻi asthma (ARIA)-2016 loiloi. ʻO J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 140 (4): 950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936.

Liu AH, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Hānō kamaliʻi. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 169.

Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Asthma. I: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, hua. Nā Pono Nui o Pediatrics. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 78.

Nowak RM, Tokarski GF. Asthma. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 63.

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