Nā hopena āpau

ʻO nā hopena āpau ka sensitivities i nā mea i kapa ʻia he allergens e hoʻopili me ka ʻili, ka ihu, nā maka, nā hanu hanu, a me nā ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal. Hiki iā lākou ke hanu i loko o nā akemāne, ale ʻia, a injected paha.

Kūleʻa nā hopena āpau. ʻO ka pane pale pale e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻano like me ka pane e kumu ai i ka huh fever. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena ma hope koke iho o ka launa ʻana me kahi alergen.

Hōʻoluʻolu ka nui o nā hopena maʻi āpau, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke koʻikoʻi a hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ke kino, a i ʻole hoʻopili paha lākou i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Kapa ʻia ke ʻano ʻoi loa o ke anaphylaxis a i ʻole ka anaphylactic shock. Kū pinepine pinepine nā hopena āpau i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka moʻolelo ʻohana o nā maʻi āpau.

ʻO nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe (e like me ka lāʻau make mai ka ʻū pi a me kekahi mau meaʻai, nā lāʻau, a me nā pollens) hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena maʻi i kekahi mau kānaka.

Hoʻokumu wale ka hōʻike ʻana i ka manawa mua i kahi hopena haʻahaʻa. Hiki i nā hōʻike hou ʻana ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi hou aʻe. I ka manawa i loaʻa i kahi kanaka ka hopena a i ʻole kahi hopena maʻi (is sensitized), ʻo kahi palena palena loa i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi āpau hiki ke hoʻoulu i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi.

Hana ʻia nā hopena maʻi kūpilikiʻi loa i loko o kekona a i ʻole mau minuke ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke hana i kekahi mau hopena ma hope o kekahi mau hola, keu hoʻi inā he kumu ka alena ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. I nā hihia kakaikahi loa, ulu nā hopena ma hope o 24 mau hola.

ʻO ka Anaphylaxis kahi hopena alohilohi a paʻakikī hoʻi e kū i loko o nā minuke o ka hōʻike. Pono ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke no kēia ʻano. Me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau ʻana, hiki i ka anaphylaxis ke lilo i mea ʻino loa loa a hiki i ka make i loko o 15 mau minuke.

ʻO nā mea āpau āpau nā:

• ʻAlalā holoholona
• ʻ stpala peʻa a i ʻole nā ​​ʻūlū ʻē aʻe
• ʻO nā meaʻai, keu hoʻi nā nati, nā iʻa, a me nā pūpū
• Nahu ʻāpala
• Nā Lapaʻau
• Mea kanu
• Pollens

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻano haʻahaʻa e komo pū me:

• Hives (ʻoi aku ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka maka)
• Kāwili
• ʻAsalhaʻi ihu
• ʻO Rashes
• Wai, ʻulaʻula nā maka

ʻO nā ʻōuli o kahi ʻano kaulike a koʻikoʻi paha e komo pū me:

• Abdominal eha
• Kani kani maʻamau (kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe)
• Hopohopo
• Hōʻoluʻolu o ka umauma a i ʻole ke kūiki
• Cough
• Pohā
• Hanu paʻakikī
• Pilikia i ka ale ʻana
• ʻO ka puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ka uila
• ʻO Flushing a ʻulaʻula paha o ka maka
• Nausea a i ʻole ka luaʻi
• Palpitations
• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o ka maka, maka, a alelo paha
• Manaʻo ʻole

No kahi ʻano akahai a haʻahaʻa paha:

E hōʻoluʻolu a hōʻoia i ke kanaka i loaʻa ka hopena. Hiki i ka pīhoihoi ke hōʻeha i nā ʻōuli.

E hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ka mea hōʻalo a pale i ke kanaka i ka pili hou aku me ia.

1. Inā hoʻomohala ke kanaka i kahi wīwī nīwī, hoʻopili i nā compresses maikaʻi a me kahi kalima hydrocortisone over-the-counter.
2. E nānā i ke kanaka no nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pilikia.
3. E kiʻi i ke kōkua lapaʻau. No kahi pane akahai, hiki i kahi mea mālama olakino ke koi aku i nā lāʻau i kūʻai aku ʻia loa, e like me nā antihistamines.

No ka hopena maʻi ʻino (anaphylaxis):

E hōʻoia i ke ala ea o ke kanaka, ka hanu ʻana, a me ke kaapuni ʻana (ʻo ka ABC's of Basic Life Support). ʻO kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka puʻu hoʻoweliweli weliweli kahi leo haehae a hāwanawana paha, a kani kani paha ke kani ke hanu ka mea i ka ea. Inā pono, e hoʻomaka i ka hanu hoʻopakele a me CPR.

1. Kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko.
2. E hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻokūpaʻa i ke kanaka.
3. Inā mai ka nī pi ka hopena o ka maʻi, ʻānai i ka ʻili mai ka ʻili me kahi mea paʻa (e like me ka manamana lima a i ʻole kāleka kāleka plastic). Mai hoʻohana i nā tweezers - kaomi ʻana i ka stinger e hoʻokuʻu hou i ka lāʻau make.
4. Inā loaʻa i kahi kanaka nā lāʻau āpau maʻi pīhoihoi (Epinephrine), lawelawe iā ia i ka hoʻomaka o kahi hopena. Mai kali a ʻike inā hele a hewa ka hopena. Hōʻalo i ka lāʻau waha inā pilikia ka hanu o ke kanaka.
5. Hana i nā hana e pale ai i ka haʻalulu. E hoʻomoe pālahalaha ke kanaka, e hāpai i nā wāwae o ke kanaka ma kahi o 12 ʻīniha (30 kenimika), a uhi iā lākou me ke kapa komo a i ka ʻahu paha. Mai hoʻonoho i ke kanaka i kēia kūlana inā kuhi ʻia kahi poʻo, ʻāʻī, kua, a ʻeha hoʻi ka wāwae a i ʻole ke kumu ia e hōʻoluʻolu ʻole ai.

Inā loaʻa i kahi kanaka kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi.

• Mai kuhi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pale allergy a ke kanaka i loaʻa i ka pale holoʻokoʻa.
• Mai hoʻokau i kahi uluna ma lalo o ke poʻo o ke kanaka inā pilikia ʻo ia i ka hanu ʻana. Hiki i kēia ke ālai i nā alaloa.
• Mai hāʻawi i ke kanaka i kekahi mea ma ka waha inā pilikia ka hanu o ke kanaka.

Kāhea aku no ke kōkua lapaʻau (911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko) koke inā:

• Ke loaʻa nei i kahi kanaka kahi maʻi maʻi ʻino. Mai kali a ʻike inā e ʻino ana ka hopena.
• He moʻolelo ko ke kanaka i nā hopena maʻi ʻino loa (e nānā i ka tag ID lapaʻau).

E pale aku i nā hopena maʻi ʻaʻai:

• Hōʻalo i nā mea hoʻouluulu e like me nā meaʻai a me nā lāʻau i hana i kahi hopena maʻi i ka wā i hala. E nīnau i nā nīnau kikoʻī e pili ana i nā mea hoʻohui ke ʻai ʻoe i kahi home.E nānā pono i nā lepili mea hoʻohui.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi keiki i maʻi āpau i kekahi mau meaʻai, hoʻolauna i hoʻokahi meaʻai hou i ka manawa ma nā liʻiliʻi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi hopena maʻi ʻaʻai.
• ʻO nā kānaka i loaʻa i nā hopena maʻi kūpilikiʻi pono e komo i ka tag ID lapaʻau a lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pōpilikia, e like me ke ʻano chewable o ka chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), a me ka epinephrine injectable a i ʻole ka ʻūpuʻu pi, e like me nā kuhikuhi a kāu mea hāʻawi.
• Mai hoʻohana i kāu epinephrine injectable ma luna o haʻi. Loaʻa paha iā lākou kahi kūlana, e like me ka pilikia o ka puʻuwai, i hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia e kēia lāʻau.

Anaphylaxis; Anaphylaxis - kōkua mua

• Nā hopena āpau
• Dermatographism - kokoke loa
• Dermatographism ma ka lima
• Hives (urticaria) ma ka lima
• Hives (urticaria) ma ka umauma
• Hives (urticaria) - kokoke
• Hives (urticaria) ma ke kumu
• Dermatographism ma ke kua
• Dermatographism - lima
• Nā hopena āpau

ʻO Auerbach PS. Ka hopena hoʻowali. I: Auerbach PS, hoʻoponopono. Lapaʻau no nā Waho. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: 64-65.

ʻO Barksdale AN, Muelleman RL. Allergy, hypersensitivity, a me anaphylaxis. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 109.

Custovic A, Tovey E. Allergen kaohi no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi. I: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Nā Manaʻo a me ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 84.

Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Randolph C, et al. Anaphylaxis - kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa 2015. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015; 115 (5): 341-384. PMID: 26505932 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26505932/.