ʻO Salmon wildly Farmed: ʻO ke ʻano o ka salemona ʻoi aku ke olakino?

Anter

• No loko o nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa
• Nā ʻokoʻa i ka waiwai kūpono
• ʻImi momona Polyunsaturated
• Mahuahua paha ka Salemona mahiʻai i nā Contaminants
• ʻO Mercury a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe
• Nā Antibiotics i ka iʻa mahiʻai
• Kūpono ʻia ka Salemona Lāhi ke kumu kūʻai keu a me ka huikau?
• Ka Laina Lalo

Makemake nui ʻia ʻo Salemona no kāna mau pono olakino.

Hāpai ʻia kēia iʻa momona me nā waikawa momona omega-3, kahi a ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i lawa ʻole ai.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā salemona like.

I kēia lā, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka sālona āu e kūʻai ai ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia i ka nāhelehele, akā hānai ʻia i nā mahi iʻa.

ʻImi kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka salemona ahiu a mahiʻai a haʻi iā ʻoe inā ʻoi aku ke olakino o kekahi ma mua o kekahi.

No loko o nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa

Hopu ʻia ka salemona ahiu i nā wahi kūlohelohe e like me ka moana, nā kahawai a me nā loko.

Akā ʻo ka hapalua o ka salemona i kūʻai ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa mai nā mahi iʻa iʻa, kahi e hoʻohana ai i kahi hana i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka aquacULT e hoʻoulu iʻa no ka ʻai kanaka ().

Ua hoʻonui ka hana honua āpau o ka salmon mahiʻai mai 27,000 a i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona metric tone i nā makahiki he ʻelua i hala (2).

ʻOiai e ʻai ka salemona ʻāhiu i nā meaola ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ko lākou kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia i ka salemona mahiʻai i hana ʻia, momona momona, a me protein nui i mea e hoʻohua ai i nā iʻa nui ().

Aia nō ka salemona ahiu, akā ua hāliʻiliʻi nā kumukūʻai o ka honua i loko o kekahi mau makahiki (4) wale nō.

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka salemona mahiʻai i nā makahiki he 20 i hala. ʻO ka salmon mahiʻai kahi papaʻai ʻokoʻa loa a me kahi kaiapuni ma mua o ka salemona ahiu.

Nā ʻokoʻa i ka waiwai kūpono

Hānai ʻia ka salemona mahiʻai me ka iʻa iʻa i hana ʻia, ʻoiai e ʻai ka salemona hihiu i nā ʻano invertebrates.

No kēia kumu, ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ka huaʻai momona o ka salona ʻāhiu a mahiʻai.

Hāʻawi ka papa ma lalo i kahi hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi. Hōʻike ʻia nā Calories, protein a me ka momona i nā nui loa, akā hōʻike ʻia nā huaora a me nā minelala ma ke ʻano he pākēneka (%) o ke kuhikuhi i kēlā me kēia lā (RDI) (5, 6).

ʻIke loa, hiki i nā ʻokoʻaʻai ma waena o nā sīnona hihiu a mahiʻai paha ke koʻikoʻi.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka momona, nona nā omega-3 hou aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka omega-6 a ʻekolu mau manawa ka nui o ka momona momona. Loaʻa iā ia he 46% ʻoi aku nā calorie - ka hapanui mai ka momona.

ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona hihiu i nā minelala, e like me ka potassium, zinc a me ka hao.

Loaʻa i nā salemona hihiu nā minelala he nui. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka wikamina C, ka momona momona, nā momona momona polyunsaturated a me nā calories.

ʻImi momona Polyunsaturated

ʻO nā momona momona polyunsaturated ʻelua ʻo omega-3 a me omega-6 fatty acid.

He mea nui kēia mau mea momona i kou kino.

Ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau mea momona momona, a i ʻole nā ​​EFA, no ka mea, pono ʻelua i kāu papaʻai.

Eia naʻe, pono e hahau i ke kaulike kūpono.

Pau ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kēia lā i ka omega-6, hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kaulike lahilahi ma waena o kēia mau waikawa momona ʻelua.

Manaʻo nui nā ʻepekema he hiki i kēia ke hoʻokuʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mumū a he mea nui paha i nā pandemics o nā maʻi maʻi mau, e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai (7).

ʻOiai ʻekolu mau manawa o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka nui o ka momona o ka salemona ahiu, kahi hapa nui o kēia mau momona he omega-6 fatty acid (, 8).

No kēia kumu, ʻo ka lakio omega-3 i ka omega 6 ma kahi o ʻekolu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka salemona mahiʻai ma mua o ka hihiu.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lakio salmon mahiʻai (1: 3-4) - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka salmon hihiu, ʻo ia ka 1:10 ().

Pono nā māla mahiʻai a me nā sālona hihiu e alakaʻi i kahi hoʻomaikaʻi nui o ka hana omega-3 no ka hapanui o ka poʻe - a paipai pinepine ʻia no ia kumu.

I loko o kahi hebedoma ʻehā mau pule ma 19 poʻe, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i mahi ʻia ma salmon ʻAkelanika ʻelua mau manawa i kēlā me kēia pule ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko o ka omega-3 DHA e 50% ().

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka omega-6 fatty acid ma mua o ka salmon hihiu, haʻahaʻa loa ka huina āpau i mea e hopohopo ai.

Mahuahua paha ka Salemona mahiʻai i nā Contaminants

ʻAi nā iʻa i nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻino mai ka wai a lākou eʻau ai a me nā meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai (, 11).

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 2004 a me ka makahiki 2005 i ka salmon mahiʻai i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea poke ma mua o ka salona ahiu, ().

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia o nā mahiʻai ʻEulopa ma mua o nā mahiʻai ʻAmelika, akā ʻo nā ʻano mai Chile mai ka liʻiliʻi o ((14).

ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea hoʻohaumia pū me nā biphenyls polychlorinated (PCBs), dioxins a me nā pesticides chlorine.

ʻO ka mea hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pollutant weliweli loa i loaʻa i salemona ʻo PCB, kahi e pili nui ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe (,,).

Hoʻokahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma 2004 i hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o nā konsentration PCB i salmon i mahi ʻia he ʻewalu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka salmon hihiu, ma ka awelika ().

Ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā mau pae poke e ka FDA akā ʻaʻole na ka US EPA (20).

Ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka noiʻi inā pili nā lula EPA i ka salmon i mahi ʻia, e paipai ʻia ka poʻe e pāpā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā salemona ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mahina.

Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻana i nā pae o nā mea hoʻohaumia maʻamau, e like me PCB, ma Norewai, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ka salemona mahiʻai mai 1999 a 2011. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi ke hōʻike i nā pae haʻahaʻa o PCB a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i ka hānai iʻa ().

Hoʻohui ʻia, he nui ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei ʻo nā pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka omega-3 mai ka sālona ma mua o ka nui o ka hopena o ke olakino o nā mea haumia

Aia paha i loko o nā salmon mahiʻai nā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia ma mua o ka salemona ahiu. Eia nō naʻe, ke emi nei nā pae o nā mea haumia i mahi ʻia, ua emi iho ka salemona Norewai.

ʻO Mercury a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā hōʻike i kēia manawa no nā metala kuhi i ka salemona ke hakakā nei.

ʻElua mau haʻawina i nānā i ka ʻokoʻa loa o nā pae mercury ma waena o ka salmon ahiu a mahiʻai (11,).

Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo hoʻokahi hoʻopaʻa noiʻi he ʻekolu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona hihiu (23).

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka arsenic i ka salmon mahiʻai, akā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cobalt, keleawe a me cadmium i nā salmon hihiu ().

I kēlā me kēia hihia, loaʻa nā metala kuhi i kēlā me kēia ʻano salemona i nā haʻahaʻa i hiki ʻole ke lilo i kumu no ka hopohopo.

No ke kanaka maʻamau, ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia nā metala e ʻike ʻia i nā salemona ʻāhiu a mahiʻai paha i nā mea ʻino.

Nā Antibiotics i ka iʻa mahiʻai

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā iʻa i loko o ka aquaculture, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka iʻa i mahi ʻia i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ma mua o ka iʻa hihiu. I mea e pale ai i kēia pilikia, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā antibiotic i ka hānai iʻa.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia a hoʻohana ʻole ʻole ʻia o nā lāʻau antibiotic he pilikia i ka ʻoihana aquaculture, keu hoʻi i nā ʻāina kūkulu.

ʻAʻole wale ka antibiotic e hoʻohana ai i kahi pilikia kaiapuni, akā he hopohopo olakino ia no nā mea kūʻai aku. Hōʻailona o nā lāʻau antibiotic i kumu e hopena ai i nā hopena āpau i nā poʻe maʻalahi ().

Hoʻolahalaha nui ka lāʻau antibiotic i ka aquaculture i ke kūpaʻa antibiotic i loko o nā iʻa iʻa, e hoʻonui ana i ka hopena o ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā koʻohune ʻōpū o ke kanaka ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā (

Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i nā ʻāina kūkulu he nui, e like me Kina a me Nigeria. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole mahi ʻia ka salemona i kēia mau ʻāina ().

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana salmon nui loa o ka honua, e like me Nolewai a me Kanada, i manaʻo ʻia he mau mana hoʻonohonoho kūpono. Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻia ka hoʻohana antibiotic a me nā pae o nā antibiotic i ka iʻa iʻa e pono ai ma lalo o nā palena palekana ke ʻohi ʻia nā iʻa.

ʻO kekahi o nā mahi iʻa nui a Kanada e hōʻemi nei i kā lākou hana lāʻau antibiotic i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ().

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo Chile - ka mea hana nui ʻelua o ka honua i ka salmon mahiʻai - ke loaʻa nei nā pilikia ma muli o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā antibiotic ().

I ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻohana ʻia he 530 gram o nā antibiotic no kēlā me kēia tona o ka salemona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma Chile. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ua hoʻohana ʻo Nolewai i 1 gram o nā antibiotic i kēlā me kēia ton o nā samani i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i 2008 (,).

Inā ʻoe hopohopo e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa antibiotic, he mea maikaʻi paha e pale aku i nā salemona o Chile no kēia manawa.

Hoʻohana Antibiotic i ka mahiʻai iʻa kahi mea weliweli a me kahi hopohopo olakino hiki. Nui nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala e hoʻoponopono pololei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, akā noho maikaʻi ʻole ia i ka nui o nā ʻāina kūkulu.

Kūpono ʻia ka Salemona Lāhi ke kumu kūʻai keu a me ka huikau?

He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ke ola o ka salemona mahiʻai.

Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui a hāʻawi i nā omega-3 hou aʻe.

ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o ka salmon hihiu ma mua o ka mahiʻai ʻana a ʻaʻole paha he kumu kūʻai keu keu no kekahi poʻe. Kaukaʻi ʻia i kāu moʻohelu kālā, he kūpono a kūpono ʻole paha ke kūʻai ʻana i nā sālona hihiu.

Eia nō naʻe, no ka ʻokoʻa o ke kaiapuni a me ka papaʻai, loaʻa i nā salemona mahiʻai nā mea hoʻoweliweli weliweli ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka salmon hihiu.

ʻOiai palekana kēia mau mea haumia no kahi kanaka maʻamau e ʻai ana i nā kālā kūpono, ua ʻōlelo kekahi mau loea e ʻai wale nā ​​keiki a me nā wahine hāpai i ka salmon i hopu wale ʻia - aia wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao palekana.

Ka Laina Lalo

He mea maikaʻi ke ʻai i nā iʻa momona e like me ka salmon 1-2 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia pule no ke olakino maikaʻi loa.

ʻOno kēia iʻa, hoʻoili ʻia me nā mea momona kūpono a hoʻopiha piha ʻia - a no laila ʻoluʻolu-lilo-aloha.

ʻO ka hopohopo nui loa me nā salemona mahiʻai nā mea haumia e like me PCB. Inā hoʻāʻo ʻoe e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kāu lawe ʻana i nā toxins, pono ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka ʻai pinepine ʻana i ka salemona.

Pilikia pū kekahi nā antibiotic i nā salmon mahiʻai, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ke kūpaʻa antibiotic i kou ʻōpū.

Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i kona nui kiʻekiʻe o ka omega-3s, ka protein maikaʻi a me nā mea momona pono, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano salemona kahi meaʻai olakino.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka salemona hihiu no kou olakino inā hiki iā ʻoe ke uku.