ʻO Salmon wildly Farmed: ʻO ke ʻano o ka salemona ʻoi aku ke olakino?
Anter
- No loko o nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa
- Nā ʻokoʻa i ka waiwai kūpono
- ʻImi momona Polyunsaturated
- Mahuahua paha ka Salemona mahiʻai i nā Contaminants
- ʻO Mercury a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe
- Nā Antibiotics i ka iʻa mahiʻai
- Kūpono ʻia ka Salemona Lāhi ke kumu kūʻai keu a me ka huikau?
- Ka Laina Lalo
Makemake nui ʻia ʻo Salemona no kāna mau pono olakino.
Hāpai ʻia kēia iʻa momona me nā waikawa momona omega-3, kahi a ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i lawa ʻole ai.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā salemona like.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka sālona āu e kūʻai ai ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia i ka nāhelehele, akā hānai ʻia i nā mahi iʻa.
ʻImi kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka salemona ahiu a mahiʻai a haʻi iā ʻoe inā ʻoi aku ke olakino o kekahi ma mua o kekahi.
No loko o nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa
Hopu ʻia ka salemona ahiu i nā wahi kūlohelohe e like me ka moana, nā kahawai a me nā loko.
Akā ʻo ka hapalua o ka salemona i kūʻai ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa mai nā mahi iʻa iʻa, kahi e hoʻohana ai i kahi hana i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka aquacULT e hoʻoulu iʻa no ka ʻai kanaka ().
Ua hoʻonui ka hana honua āpau o ka salmon mahiʻai mai 27,000 a i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona metric tone i nā makahiki he ʻelua i hala (2).
ʻOiai e ʻai ka salemona ʻāhiu i nā meaola ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ko lākou kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia i ka salemona mahiʻai i hana ʻia, momona momona, a me protein nui i mea e hoʻohua ai i nā iʻa nui ().
Aia nō ka salemona ahiu, akā ua hāliʻiliʻi nā kumukūʻai o ka honua i loko o kekahi mau makahiki (4) wale nō.
Hōʻuluʻulu ManaʻoUa hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka salemona mahiʻai i nā makahiki he 20 i hala. ʻO ka salmon mahiʻai kahi papaʻai ʻokoʻa loa a me kahi kaiapuni ma mua o ka salemona ahiu.
Nā ʻokoʻa i ka waiwai kūpono
Hānai ʻia ka salemona mahiʻai me ka iʻa iʻa i hana ʻia, ʻoiai e ʻai ka salemona hihiu i nā ʻano invertebrates.
No kēia kumu, ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ka huaʻai momona o ka salona ʻāhiu a mahiʻai.
Hāʻawi ka papa ma lalo i kahi hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi. Hōʻike ʻia nā Calories, protein a me ka momona i nā nui loa, akā hōʻike ʻia nā huaora a me nā minelala ma ke ʻano he pākēneka (%) o ke kuhikuhi i kēlā me kēia lā (RDI) (5, 6).
| 1/2 hoʻopiha salmon ʻāhiu (198 gram) | 1 / ʻāpana salmon mahiʻai (198 gram) | |
| Kalepona | 281 | 412 |
| Pūmua | 39 gram | 40 gram |
| Momona | 13 gram | 27 gram |
| ʻO ka momona momona | 1.9 gram | 6 gram |
| Omega-3 | 3.4 gram | 4.2 gram |
| Omega-6 | 341 mg | 1,944 mg |
| Kolesterol | 109 mg | 109 mg |
| Kalipuna | 2.4% | 1.8% |
| Mea hao | 9% | 4% |
| Makanekiuma | 14% | 13% |
| Pākuʻi | 40% | 48% |
| Pāpaʻakai | 28% | 21% |
| Sodoma | 3.6% | 4.9% |
| Kiniki | 9% | 5% |
ʻIke loa, hiki i nā ʻokoʻaʻai ma waena o nā sīnona hihiu a mahiʻai paha ke koʻikoʻi.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka momona, nona nā omega-3 hou aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka omega-6 a ʻekolu mau manawa ka nui o ka momona momona. Loaʻa iā ia he 46% ʻoi aku nā calorie - ka hapanui mai ka momona.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona hihiu i nā minelala, e like me ka potassium, zinc a me ka hao.
Hōʻuluʻulu ManaʻoLoaʻa i nā salemona hihiu nā minelala he nui. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka wikamina C, ka momona momona, nā momona momona polyunsaturated a me nā calories.
ʻImi momona Polyunsaturated
ʻO nā momona momona polyunsaturated ʻelua ʻo omega-3 a me omega-6 fatty acid.
He mea nui kēia mau mea momona i kou kino.
Ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau mea momona momona, a i ʻole nā EFA, no ka mea, pono ʻelua i kāu papaʻai.
Eia naʻe, pono e hahau i ke kaulike kūpono.
Pau ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kēia lā i ka omega-6, hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kaulike lahilahi ma waena o kēia mau waikawa momona ʻelua.
Manaʻo nui nā ʻepekema he hiki i kēia ke hoʻokuʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mumū a he mea nui paha i nā pandemics o nā maʻi maʻi mau, e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai (7).
ʻOiai ʻekolu mau manawa o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka nui o ka momona o ka salemona ahiu, kahi hapa nui o kēia mau momona he omega-6 fatty acid (, 8).
No kēia kumu, ʻo ka lakio omega-3 i ka omega 6 ma kahi o ʻekolu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka salemona mahiʻai ma mua o ka hihiu.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lakio salmon mahiʻai (1: 3-4) - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka salmon hihiu, ʻo ia ka 1:10 ().
Pono nā māla mahiʻai a me nā sālona hihiu e alakaʻi i kahi hoʻomaikaʻi nui o ka hana omega-3 no ka hapanui o ka poʻe - a paipai pinepine ʻia no ia kumu.
I loko o kahi hebedoma ʻehā mau pule ma 19 poʻe, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i mahi ʻia ma salmon ʻAkelanika ʻelua mau manawa i kēlā me kēia pule ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko o ka omega-3 DHA e 50% ().
Hōʻuluʻulu ManaʻoʻOiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona mahiʻai i ka omega-6 fatty acid ma mua o ka salmon hihiu, haʻahaʻa loa ka huina āpau i mea e hopohopo ai.
Mahuahua paha ka Salemona mahiʻai i nā Contaminants
ʻAi nā iʻa i nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻino mai ka wai a lākou eʻau ai a me nā meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai (, 11).
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 2004 a me ka makahiki 2005 i ka salmon mahiʻai i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea poke ma mua o ka salona ahiu, ().
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia o nā mahiʻai ʻEulopa ma mua o nā mahiʻai ʻAmelika, akā ʻo nā ʻano mai Chile mai ka liʻiliʻi o ((14).
ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea hoʻohaumia pū me nā biphenyls polychlorinated (PCBs), dioxins a me nā pesticides chlorine.
ʻO ka mea hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pollutant weliweli loa i loaʻa i salemona ʻo PCB, kahi e pili nui ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe (,,).
Hoʻokahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma 2004 i hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o nā konsentration PCB i salmon i mahi ʻia he ʻewalu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka salmon hihiu, ma ka awelika ().
Ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā mau pae poke e ka FDA akā ʻaʻole na ka US EPA (20).
Ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka noiʻi inā pili nā lula EPA i ka salmon i mahi ʻia, e paipai ʻia ka poʻe e pāpā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā salemona ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mahina.
Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻana i nā pae o nā mea hoʻohaumia maʻamau, e like me PCB, ma Norewai, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ka salemona mahiʻai mai 1999 a 2011. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi ke hōʻike i nā pae haʻahaʻa o PCB a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i ka hānai iʻa ().
Hoʻohui ʻia, he nui ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei ʻo nā pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka omega-3 mai ka sālona ma mua o ka nui o ka hopena o ke olakino o nā mea haumia
Hōʻuluʻulu ManaʻoAia paha i loko o nā salmon mahiʻai nā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia ma mua o ka salemona ahiu. Eia nō naʻe, ke emi nei nā pae o nā mea haumia i mahi ʻia, ua emi iho ka salemona Norewai.
ʻO Mercury a me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe
ʻO nā hōʻike i kēia manawa no nā metala kuhi i ka salemona ke hakakā nei.
ʻElua mau haʻawina i nānā i ka ʻokoʻa loa o nā pae mercury ma waena o ka salmon ahiu a mahiʻai (11,).
Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo hoʻokahi hoʻopaʻa noiʻi he ʻekolu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka salemona hihiu (23).
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka arsenic i ka salmon mahiʻai, akā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cobalt, keleawe a me cadmium i nā salmon hihiu ().
I kēlā me kēia hihia, loaʻa nā metala kuhi i kēlā me kēia ʻano salemona i nā haʻahaʻa i hiki ʻole ke lilo i kumu no ka hopohopo.
Hōʻuluʻulu ManaʻoNo ke kanaka maʻamau, ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia nā metala e ʻike ʻia i nā salemona ʻāhiu a mahiʻai paha i nā mea ʻino.
Nā Antibiotics i ka iʻa mahiʻai
Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā iʻa i loko o ka aquaculture, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka iʻa i mahi ʻia i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ma mua o ka iʻa hihiu. I mea e pale ai i kēia pilikia, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā antibiotic i ka hānai iʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia a hoʻohana ʻole ʻole ʻia o nā lāʻau antibiotic he pilikia i ka ʻoihana aquaculture, keu hoʻi i nā ʻāina kūkulu.
ʻAʻole wale ka antibiotic e hoʻohana ai i kahi pilikia kaiapuni, akā he hopohopo olakino ia no nā mea kūʻai aku. Hōʻailona o nā lāʻau antibiotic i kumu e hopena ai i nā hopena āpau i nā poʻe maʻalahi ().
Hoʻolahalaha nui ka lāʻau antibiotic i ka aquaculture i ke kūpaʻa antibiotic i loko o nā iʻa iʻa, e hoʻonui ana i ka hopena o ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā koʻohune ʻōpū o ke kanaka ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā (
Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i nā ʻāina kūkulu he nui, e like me Kina a me Nigeria. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole mahi ʻia ka salemona i kēia mau ʻāina ().
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana salmon nui loa o ka honua, e like me Nolewai a me Kanada, i manaʻo ʻia he mau mana hoʻonohonoho kūpono. Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻia ka hoʻohana antibiotic a me nā pae o nā antibiotic i ka iʻa iʻa e pono ai ma lalo o nā palena palekana ke ʻohi ʻia nā iʻa.
ʻO kekahi o nā mahi iʻa nui a Kanada e hōʻemi nei i kā lākou hana lāʻau antibiotic i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ().
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo Chile - ka mea hana nui ʻelua o ka honua i ka salmon mahiʻai - ke loaʻa nei nā pilikia ma muli o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā antibiotic ().
I ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻohana ʻia he 530 gram o nā antibiotic no kēlā me kēia tona o ka salemona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma Chile. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ua hoʻohana ʻo Nolewai i 1 gram o nā antibiotic i kēlā me kēia ton o nā samani i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i 2008 (,).
Inā ʻoe hopohopo e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa antibiotic, he mea maikaʻi paha e pale aku i nā salemona o Chile no kēia manawa.
Hōʻuluʻulu ManaʻoHoʻohana Antibiotic i ka mahiʻai iʻa kahi mea weliweli a me kahi hopohopo olakino hiki. Nui nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala e hoʻoponopono pololei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, akā noho maikaʻi ʻole ia i ka nui o nā ʻāina kūkulu.
Kūpono ʻia ka Salemona Lāhi ke kumu kūʻai keu a me ka huikau?
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ke ola o ka salemona mahiʻai.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui a hāʻawi i nā omega-3 hou aʻe.
ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o ka salmon hihiu ma mua o ka mahiʻai ʻana a ʻaʻole paha he kumu kūʻai keu keu no kekahi poʻe. Kaukaʻi ʻia i kāu moʻohelu kālā, he kūpono a kūpono ʻole paha ke kūʻai ʻana i nā sālona hihiu.
Eia nō naʻe, no ka ʻokoʻa o ke kaiapuni a me ka papaʻai, loaʻa i nā salemona mahiʻai nā mea hoʻoweliweli weliweli ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka salmon hihiu.
ʻOiai palekana kēia mau mea haumia no kahi kanaka maʻamau e ʻai ana i nā kālā kūpono, ua ʻōlelo kekahi mau loea e ʻai wale nā keiki a me nā wahine hāpai i ka salmon i hopu wale ʻia - aia wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao palekana.
Ka Laina Lalo
He mea maikaʻi ke ʻai i nā iʻa momona e like me ka salmon 1-2 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia pule no ke olakino maikaʻi loa.
ʻOno kēia iʻa, hoʻoili ʻia me nā mea momona kūpono a hoʻopiha piha ʻia - a no laila ʻoluʻolu-lilo-aloha.
ʻO ka hopohopo nui loa me nā salemona mahiʻai nā mea haumia e like me PCB. Inā hoʻāʻo ʻoe e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kāu lawe ʻana i nā toxins, pono ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka ʻai pinepine ʻana i ka salemona.
Pilikia pū kekahi nā antibiotic i nā salmon mahiʻai, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ke kūpaʻa antibiotic i kou ʻōpū.
Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i kona nui kiʻekiʻe o ka omega-3s, ka protein maikaʻi a me nā mea momona pono, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano salemona kahi meaʻai olakino.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka salemona hihiu no kou olakino inā hiki iā ʻoe ke uku.
Nā Hoko Nui
Kōkua nā hana hoʻoikaika iā ʻoe e kuni i ka momona o ka ʻōpū?
