Paipai ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka palapala hoʻomaʻamaʻa vaccine a nā kūpuna

Anter

• 1. Puukū flu
• 2. ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi pneumococcal
• 3. ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi fever fever
• 4. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Meningococcal
• 5. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau herpes zoster
• 6. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Tetanus a me diphtheria
• 7. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau viral ʻekolu
• 8. Ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi Hepatitis

He mea nui ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻelemakule e hoʻolako i ka pale pilikino e pono ai e hakakā a pale aku i nā maʻi, no laila he mea nui ka poʻe ma mua o 60 mau makahiki e hoʻolohe i ka papa hana hoʻōla a me nā hoʻolaha vaccine, ʻo ia hoʻi ka influenza, ka mea i koi ʻia no ka poʻe ma luna. 55 a hiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO nā lāʻau āpau i koi ʻia i ka kalena vaccination o ka poʻe ʻelemākule, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka Brazilian Society of Immunisations me ka hui pū me ka Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 8: e kūʻē i ka maʻi influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis, yellow fever, viral triple, herpes zoster a me ka meningococcal meningitis. Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e ke Kuhina olakino me ka uku ʻole ma o SUS, ʻoiai hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kekahi ma nā keʻena pilikino, e like me ka herpes zoster, meningococcus a me ka hepatitis A.

ʻO ka papa hana hoʻōla no nā ʻelemakule e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka Brazilian Society of Immunisations me ka hui pū me ka Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, a me nā:

1. Puukū flu

ʻO Influenza kahi maʻi hanu i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā serotypes like ʻole o ka maʻi Influenza, a pēlā e pale ai i ka maʻi flu. Hoʻohui ʻia, e like me kekahi mau hihia ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana pale a me nā loli i ka hiki ke hanu, ka mea maʻa mau e like me ke ʻano o ke kanaka, hiki i nā virus ke kuleana no ka maʻi flu ke makemake i ka ulu ʻana o nā pilikia, e like me ka pulumonia a, no laila, flu hiki nō i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke pale aku i kēia pilikia.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻemaʻe flu i nā ʻāpana o nā maʻi ʻino ʻole a, a no laila, ʻaʻohe makaʻu o ka hopena ʻana i ka maʻi i ke kanaka ma hope o ka lāʻau ʻana, hoʻonāukiuki wale i ka pane o ka ʻōnaehana pale, a paipai ʻia no ka poʻe ma mua o 55 mau makahiki.

• Āhea e lawe ai: Hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, ke hoʻomaka ka hele pinepine ʻana o nā mea maʻi a nui aʻe ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai ka maʻi palū, ʻoiai e noho lōʻihi ka poʻe ma nā wahi paʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke ea. Ka mea makemake i ka holo o ka maʻi. .
• ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe: ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o ka hopena anaphylactic a i ʻole ka maʻi āpau loa i nā hua moa a me kā lākou mea i loaʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe o ka lāʻau āpau. Pono e hoʻopanee ʻia ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka poʻe me ka maʻi kaulike a paʻakikī i nā maʻi febrile a i ʻole nā ​​loli i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko, inā hana ʻia me ka intramuscularly.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo flu me ka uku ʻole e SUS, ma nā kikowaena olakino, a he mea nui e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau āpau i kēlā me kēia makahiki i mea e hōʻoia ʻia ai kona hopena pale, no ka mea hiki i ka maʻi Influenza ke hoʻololi a, no laila, hiki ke kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua. No laila, he mea nui e kiʻi ka poʻe kūpuna i ka lāʻau āpau i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wā o ke kaua a ke aupuni e hōʻoia i ka hakakā pono ʻana o kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi i ka maʻi flu. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau flu.

2. ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi pneumococcal

Ke pale nei ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo pneumococcal i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi bacteria ʻO Streptococcus pneumoniae, ʻo ka homa nui loa a me ka meningitis bacteria, me ka pale ʻana i kēia bacteria mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana i loko o ke kino a hana i ka maʻi maʻamau o ke kino.

Aia he 2 ʻano like ʻole o kēia lāʻau āpau no ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻo ia ka 23-valent Polysaccharide (VPP23), nona nā ʻano 23 o ka pneumococci, a me ka 13-valent Conjugate (VPC13), nona nā ʻano 13.

• Āhea e lawe ai: maʻamau, ua hoʻomaka kahi regimen 3-dose, hoʻomaka me VPC13, ukali ʻia, ma hope o ʻeono a ʻumikūmālua mau mahina, e VPP23, a me kekahi mahele booster o VPP23 ma hope o 5 mau makahiki. Inā ua loaʻa i ka ʻelemakule i ka mahele mua o VPP23, pono e hoʻopili ʻia VPC13 ma hope o 1 makahiki a hoʻonohonoho i ka lāʻau booster o VPP23 ma hope o 5 mau makahiki o ka mahele mua.
• ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe: nā poʻe i hōʻike i kahi hopena anaphylactic i ka hopena o ka lāʻau āpau a i ʻole kekahi o kāna ʻāpana. Eia hou, pono e hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kumu o ke kuni a i ʻole nā ​​loli i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko, inā hāʻawi ʻia intramuscularly.

Hana ʻole ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e SUS no ka poʻe ʻelemākule me ka nui o ka pilikia o ka maʻi, e like me ka poʻe e noho nei i nā hale hānai kaiāulu, no ka laʻana, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe hiki ke pale ʻia i nā keʻena pilikino.

3. ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi fever fever

Hāʻawi kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi fiva melemele, kahi maʻi viral weliweli i lawe ʻia e nā makika a hiki ke lawelawe ʻia ma nā kikowaena olakino SUS me ka uku ʻole. Paipai ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no nā poʻe noho o nā wahi endemik, nā poʻe e hele ana i nā wahi me ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​manawa āpau e koi ʻia i kahi ʻāina, ma kahi i manaʻo ʻia he pilikia.

• Āhea e lawe ai: i kēia manawa, hōʻike ke kuhina olakino i kahi lāʻau wale nō no ke ola mai 9 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, akā naʻe, ʻo ka poʻe ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pono e lawe i ka lāʻau inā lākou e noho a hele paha i kahi ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wahi kaiāulu o ka ʻĀkau. a Midwest o ka ʻāina a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāina i loaʻa nā hihia kuni melemele, e like me nā ʻāina ʻApelika a me Australia, no ka laʻana.
• ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe: nā poʻe ʻelemākule me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi āpau ma hope o ke komo ʻana o nā hua moa a i ʻole nā ​​mea lāʻau kūpona, nā maʻi e hōʻemi ana i ka palekana, e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai, diabetes, AIDS a hoʻohana ʻana paha i nā lāʻau immunosuppressive, chemotherapy a i ʻole radiotherapy, no ka laʻana, a i nā hihia o ka maʻi febrile .

ʻO ka lāʻau ʻōmaʻomae kuni melemele wale nō e lawelawe ʻia i nā hihia o ka pono nui loa, e hōʻalo nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka poʻe ʻelemākule nāwaliwali a me ka poʻe me ka pale o ka pale. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ola maoli a aia kahi pilikia nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi, me kahi kiʻi e like me ke kuni melemele, i kapa ʻia ʻo "virus visceralization".

4. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Meningococcal

Hāʻawi kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pale ʻana i nā bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, ʻike ʻia ʻo Meningococcus, i hiki ke pālahalaha ma waena o ke kahe o ke koko a hōʻeha i nā maʻi nui, e like me ka meningitis a me ka meningococcemia, ʻo ia ka wā e hōʻea ai ke koʻohuna no ka meningitis i ke kahe o ke koko a hana i kahi maʻi maʻamau.

Ma muli o ka nui ʻole o nā noiʻi ʻepekema i hana ʻia me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka poʻe ʻelemākule, ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ia i kekahi mau hihia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu, e like me nā kūlana o ka maʻi ahulau a i ʻole nā ​​huakaʻi i nā wahi i makaʻu.

• Āhea e lawe ai: pono e lawelawe ʻia kahi mahele lāʻau hoʻokahi i nā hihia o nā maʻi ʻino.
• ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe: ka poʻe me nā maʻi āpau i nā mea āpau o ka lāʻau āpau. E hoʻopanee i ka hihia o ka maʻi me ka fiva a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi e kumu i nā maʻi hōʻulu.

Loaʻa wale ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo meningococcal i loko o nā keʻena lāʻau pale pilikino.

5. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau herpes zoster

ʻO Herpes zoster kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi pox i hiki ke waiho mau ʻia i nā ʻalalā o ke kino no kekahi mau makahiki, a he kumu ia e ʻike ʻia ai nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, ʻulaʻula a ʻeha hoʻi ma ka ʻili. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia maʻi i ka poʻe ʻelemākule a me ka poʻe me ka pale o ka nāwaliwali, a ʻoiai he mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole a waiho i ka ʻehaʻeha ma ka ʻili i hiki ke hala i mau makahiki, he nui nā ʻelemakule i koho i ka pale.

• I ka manawa hea e lawe ai: Kākoʻo ʻia kahi mahele lāʻau no nā poʻe āpau o nā makahiki 60. No ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā shingles, pono ʻoe e kali ma ka liʻiliʻi o ʻeono mau mahina a hiki i ka 1 makahiki no ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka lāʻau.
• ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe: ka poʻe me nā maʻi āpau i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau āpau, a i ʻole nā ​​mea me ka pale ʻole o ka maʻi ma muli o nā maʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā lāʻau, e like me ka poʻe me ka maʻi SIDA, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Corticosteroids ʻōnaehana a i ʻole chemotherapy.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka lāʻau ākea shingles i nā keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau pilikino. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i nā mea a pehea e mālama ai i ka herpes zoster.

6. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Tetanus a me diphtheria

Hāʻawi ka lāʻau ākea viral pālua, a i ʻole dT, i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi āpau e ka tetanus, he maʻi maʻi lele maikaʻi ia e hiki ai i ka make, a me ka diphtheria, he maʻi lele lele loa ia.

• Āhea e lawe ai: i kēlā me kēia 10 mau makahiki, i mea e hoʻoikaika ai no ka poʻe i hana maikaʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻia i ka wā kamaliʻi. No ka poʻe ʻelemakule i hana ʻole i ka lāʻau ʻaʻohe a i ʻole kahi moʻo o ka lāʻau āpau, pono ia e hana i ka papa kuhikuhi 3-kaha me kahi wā o 2 mau mahina ma waena o kēlā me kēia a laila e hana i ka booster i kēlā me kēia 10 mau makahiki.
• Ke lawe ʻole ʻoe: i ka hihia o ka anaphylactic react ma mua o ka lāʻau āpau a i ʻole o kekahi o kāna ʻāpana. Pono e hoʻopanee ʻia i ka hihia o nā maʻi pūpū koko, inā hana intramuscularly.

Loaʻa manuahi kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā keʻena olakino, eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau bacteria triple bacteria, a i ʻole dTpa, ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia me ka tetanus a me ka diphtheria e pale aku ai i nā pertussis, me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau tetanus i kahi kaʻawale, i loaʻa ma nā keʻena pilikino. i ka pale ʻana

7. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau viral ʻekolu

ʻO kēia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka maʻi ʻula, mumps a me rubella, pono ia i nā hanana e hoʻonui i ka maʻi no ka maʻi, e like me ka laha ʻana, nā huakaʻi i nā wahi makaʻu, ka poʻe ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā maʻi a i ʻole i loaʻa nā lāʻau ʻelua i nā lāʻau āpau.

• I ka manawa hea e lawe ai: 2 wale nō nā mahele e pono ai i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, me ka palena iki o 1 mau mahina.
• ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe: ka poʻe me ka pale kūkaʻina koʻikoʻi a i ʻole i loaʻa ka hopena anaphylactic ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka hua manu.

ʻAʻole loaʻa ia me ka uku ʻole no ka poʻe ʻelemākule, koe wale nō i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, a pono e hele i kahi keʻena pale pale pilikino.

8. Ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻi Hepatitis

Hiki ke loaʻa ka pale ʻana i ka hepatitis A a me ka hepatitis B ma o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa a i ʻole i hoʻohui ʻia, no ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka pale ʻana i kēia mau maʻi, ka poʻe i hana ʻole i ka lāʻau ʻaʻohe a i ʻole nā ​​palapala vaccine.

• I ka manawa hea e lawe ai: ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka hepatitis B, a i ʻole ka hui A a me B, i hana ʻia i 3 mau lā, i ka papa kuhikuhi 0 - 1 - 6 mahina. ʻO ka lāʻau ākea hepatitis A i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke lawe ʻia ma hope o ka loiloi serological e hōʻike ana i ka nele o ka pale ʻana i kēia maʻi a i ʻole i nā hanana o ke kuʻi ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ahulau, i kahi manawa o nā mahele lāʻau ʻelua, me ka lōʻihi o 6 mau mahina.
• ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe: nā kānaka me ka hopena anaphylactic i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau āpau. Pono e hoʻopanee ʻia i nā hihia o ka maʻi febrile ākea a i ʻole nā ​​loli coagulation inā hoʻohana intramuscularly.

Hiki ke hana ʻia me ka uku ʻole e ka SUS ka lāʻau kūʻē kūʻē i ka hepatitis B, akā loaʻa wale nō ka lāʻau kūʻē ʻana i ka maʻi hepatita i loko o nā keʻena pilikino pilikino.