Thalassemia: he aha ia, nā ʻōuli a me nā koho lapaʻau

Anter

• Nā hōʻailona nui
• Nā ʻano o Thalassemia
• 1. ʻO Alpha Thalassemia
• 2. ʻO Thalassemia Beta
• Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi
• Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau
• 1. ʻO Thalassemia ʻōpio
• 2. Thalassemia waena
• 3. Thalassemia nui
• Nā pilikia i hiki

ʻO Thalassemia, i ʻike ʻia ʻo anemia Mediterranean, kahi maʻi hoʻoilina i hōʻike ʻia e nā hemahema i ka hana hemoglobin, ʻo ia ke kuleana nui no ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen i nā aʻa.

ʻO nā hōʻike pilikino o ka thalassemia kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o nā kaulahao e pili ana i ka hemoglobin a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi kūlohelohe i kū ʻia, kahi e hiki ai i ka luhi, ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu, pallor a me splenomegaly, ʻo kahi laʻana.

ʻO Thalassemia kahi maʻi a me nā maʻi hoʻoilina, ʻaʻole lele a kumu ʻole ʻia e nā hemahema o ke olakino, eia nō naʻe, i ka hihia o kekahi ʻano thalassemia, hiki i ka mālama ʻana ke hoʻopili i kahi papaʻai kūpono. E ʻike pehea e hana ʻia ai ka ʻai thalassemia.

Nā hōʻailona nui

Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka thalassemia, ʻo ia ka ʻano akahai loa o ka maʻi, ke kumu o ka anemia akahai a me ka pallor, i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka mea maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻano nui, ʻo ia ka ʻano ikaika loa o ka maʻi, hiki ke kumu:

• Māluhiluhi;
• Huhū;
• ʻŌnaehana pale nawaliwali a palupalu i nā maʻi;
• Hoopanee ulu;
• ʻO ka hanu pōkole a hana paha me ka maʻalahi;
• Pallor;
• Ka nele i ka makemake.

Eia hou, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa hiki i ka maʻi ke hana i nā pilikia i ka palapū, ke ake, ka puʻuwai a me nā iwi, a ʻo ka jaundice, ʻo ia ka kala melemele o ka ʻili a me nā maka.

Nā ʻano o Thalassemia

Māhele ʻia ʻo Thalassemia i ka alpha a me ka beta e like me ke kaulahao globin i hoʻopili ʻia. I ke kumu o ka alpha thalassemia, aia kahi hoʻemi a i ʻole ʻole o ka hana ʻana o nā kaulahao alpha hemoglobin, ʻoiai ma ka beta thalassemia aia kahi emi a me ka ʻole o ka hana o nā kaulahao beta.

1. ʻO Alpha Thalassemia

Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka loli o ka mole alpha-globin o nā hemoglobins koko, a hiki ke mahele ʻia i:

• ʻO ke ʻano Alpha thalassemia: ʻike ʻia ia e ka anemia liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi kaulahao alpha-globin wale nō;
• ʻO ka maʻi Hemoglobin H: ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka hana ʻole o 3 o nā ʻehā alpha 4 e pili ana i ke kaulahao alpha globin, i manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi.
• ʻO ko Bart hemoglobin hydrops fetal syndrome: ʻo ia ka nui loa o ke ʻano o ka thalassemia, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia ia e ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana alpha āpau, e hopena ana i ka make o ka pēpē a i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana;

2. ʻO Thalassemia Beta

Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka loli i ka moleola beta-globin o nā hemoglobins koko, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i:

• ʻO Thalassemia ʻōpio (liʻiliʻi) a i ʻole ke ʻano Beta-thalassemia: ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano nāwaliwali loa o ka maʻi, kahi i manaʻo ʻole ai ke kanaka i nā ʻōuli, no laila ʻike wale ʻia ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua hematological. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e hana i ka lāʻau kikoʻī ma ke ola holoʻokoʻa, akā hiki i ke kauka ke koi aku i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka folic acid supplement i mea e pale aku ai i nā anemias māmā;
• ʻO Beta-Thalassemia waena: ke kumu i ka anemia akahai, a pono paha ia i ka mea maʻi e loaʻa i nā transfusions koko ma kahi liʻiliʻi;
• ʻO ka beta thalassemia nui a koʻikoʻi paha: ʻo ia ke kiʻi lapaʻau koʻikoʻi loa o ka betas thalassemia, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe hana o nā kaulahao beta globin, e koi ana i ka mea maʻi e lawe i nā kahe o ke koko i nā manawa āpau e hōʻemi i ke kekelē o ka anemia. Hoʻomaka ka hōʻike ʻana o nā ʻōuli i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ke ʻano ʻia e ka pallor, ka luhi nui loa, ka hiamoe, ka huhū, nā iwi helehelena koʻikoʻi, nā niho pili pono ʻole a me ka ʻōpū pehu ma muli o nā mea hoʻonui.

I nā hihia o ka thalassemia nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike lohi ma mua o ka ulu maʻamau ʻana, e pōkole ana a lahilahi ke keiki ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no ko lākou mau makahiki. Hoʻohui ʻia, i nā mea maʻi e loaʻa pinepine i ke koko, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau i pale i ka nui o ka hao i loko o ke kino.

Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ke kuhi

Hana ʻia ka maʻi thalassemia ma o nā hoʻokolohua koko, e like me ka helu o ke koko, a ʻoi aku ka hemoglobin electrophoresis, ka mea e manaʻo ai e loiloi i ke ʻano o ka hemoglobin e kahe ana i loko o ke koko. E ʻike pehea e wehewehe ai i ka uila hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua genetic e loiloi i nā genes ke kuleana no ka maʻi a e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano thalassemia.

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokō ʻia ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae e ʻike pono i ka thalassemia, no ka mea, i ka wā hānau he ʻokoʻa ka hemoglobin e holo nei a ʻaʻohe ona loli, hiki ke ʻike pono i ka thalassemia wale nō ma hope o ʻeono mau mahina o ke ola.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

Pono e alakaʻi ʻia i ka kauka thalassemia e ke kauka a loli pinepine e like me ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi.

1. ʻO Thalassemia ʻōpio

ʻO kēia ka ʻano akahai loa o ka maʻi a ʻaʻole koi i kahi lapaʻau kūikawā. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole ʻike ke kanaka i nā ʻōuli, akā pono e makaʻala i ka ulu ʻana o ka anemia ma nā hihia e like me ke ʻoki ʻana, nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, nā kūlana o ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe a i ka wā hāpai paha.

Ma ka laulā, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kōkua folic acid, kahi huaola e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola koko a kōkua i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka anemia. ʻIke i nā meaʻai i waiwai i ka waikawa folic a pehea e hiki ai i ka meaʻai ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka thalassemia.

2. Thalassemia waena

Ma ke ʻano laulā, hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano thalassemia me nā transfusions o ke koko i ka wā kamaliʻi, inā loaʻa ka ulu ʻana o ke keiki, a i ʻole nā ​​hanana i kahi ākea ākea a me ke ake.

3. Thalassemia nui

ʻO ia ke ʻano koʻikoʻi loa o ka maʻi, kahi e pono ai i ke kanaka ke loaʻa ke koko no ke ola, i kēlā me kēia 2 a 4 mau pule, e pili ana i ka pae o ka anemia. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ʻana, ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā pilikia o ka maʻi no ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO nā kānaka me ka thalassemia nui e pau paha me ka hao nui i loko o ke kino ma muli o ke kahe pinepine ʻana o ke koko, no laila hiki i ke kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau chelating hao, ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka hao i loko o ke kino a pale i ka nui. Hiki ke hāʻawi pololei ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i loko o ke aa 5 a 7 mau manawa o ka pule a ma o nā pila.

Nā pilikia i hiki

Kū wale nā ​​pilikia Thalassemia i ka waena a me nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, ʻoiai ke mālama pono ʻole ʻia.

I ke ʻano waena o ka maʻi, hiki i nā pilikia ke:

• Nā hemahema i nā iwi a me nā niho;
• Osteoporosis;
• Pōhaku Gall;
• Ulcer wāwae, ma muli o ka nele o ka oxygen ma nā wēlau o ke kino;
• Nā pilikia kīwī;
• ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o ka thrombosis;
• Nā pilikia puʻuwai.

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā pilikia e like me ka iwi a me nā niho niho, hoʻonui i ke ake a me nā puʻupaʻa a me nā puʻuwai ʻole.