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ʻ Wlelo Aʻo ʻo FDA e pili ana i nā EPFEN MALFUNCTIONS

Ma Malaki 2020, ua hoʻokuʻu ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i kahi e aʻoaʻo aku i ka lehulehu e hiki i nā epinephrine auto-injectors (EpiPen, EpiPen Jr, a me nā generic form) ke hana pono ʻole. Hiki i kēia ke pale iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mālama ola i ka wā pilikia. Inā kuhikuhi ʻia ʻoe i kahi epinephrine auto-injector, e ʻike i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai ka mea hana a e kamaʻilio pū me kāu kauka olakino e pili ana i ka hoʻohana palekana.

Hōʻike Overview

Aia kekahi mau mea ʻoi aku ka makaʻu ma mua o ka ʻike a hōʻike ʻana paha i kahi hopena anaphylactic. Hiki ke hele i nā ʻōuli mai ka maikaʻi a i ka ʻino loa loa, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

  • pilikia hanu
  • hives
  • pehu o ka maka
  • ka luaʻi
  • puʻuwai wikiwiki
  • maule ana

Inā ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi e loaʻa ana nā ʻōuli anaphylactic, a i ʻole ke loaʻa nei ʻoe i mau hōʻailona iā ʻoe iho, e kāhea koke aku i nā lawelawe hoʻopilikia.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi maʻi ʻino i ka wā ma mua, ua kauoha paha kāu kauka i kahi ʻinikua epinephrine pilikia. ʻO ka kiʻi ʻana i kahi epinephrine pilikia e like me ka hiki ke hiki ke hoʻopakele i kou ola - akā he aha ka hana ma hope o ka epinephrine?


ʻO ke kūpono, e hoʻomaka ka maikaʻi o kāu mau ʻōuli. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonā holoʻokoʻa. E alakaʻi paha kēia iā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻoe i kahi makaʻu. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia.

ʻO kahi huakaʻi i ka lumi pilikia (ER) e koi ʻia, ʻaʻohe mea pehea kou manaʻo ma hope o kāu hopena anaphylactic.

Ke hoʻohana i ka epinephrine

Hoʻomaha ʻo Epinephrine i nā hōʻailona weliweli loa o ka anaphylaxis me ka wikiwiki - e like me ka ʻō ʻana o ka puʻu, ka hanu pilikia, a me ke kahe haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ia ka mālama ʻana i ke koho no kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa i ka anaphylaxis. Akā pono ʻoe e lawelawe i ka epinephrine i loko o nā minuke mua ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopena maʻi no ka mea e maikaʻi loa ia.

E hoʻomanaʻo e hāʻawi wale ʻoe i ka epinephrine i kahi kanaka i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka lāʻau. E mālama pono ʻoe i nā ʻōkuhi. Hoʻololi nā hana, a hiki i nā kūlana olakino ke hoʻololi i ka hopena o ke kanaka iā ia.

ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i ka epinephrine ke kumu i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai i kekahi me ka maʻi puʻuwai. ʻO kēia no ka mea e wikiwiki ana i ka helu o ka puʻuwai a hāpai i ke kahe o ke koko.


Hāʻawi i kahi ʻume epinephrine inā ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi i kahi hoʻonāukiuki a:

  • pilikia i ka hanu ʻana
  • ʻōhū a paʻa paha i ka ʻāʻī
  • luuluu

E hāʻawi pū i kahi injection i nā keiki i ʻike maka ʻia i ka maʻi alerika a:

  • ua hala
  • ka luaʻi pinepine ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i kahi meaʻai ʻai nui lākou i ka maʻi
  • ke hāneʻe nui nei a loaʻa ka pilikia i ka hanu ʻana
  • he pehu i ka maka a me nā lehelehe
  • ua ʻai i kahi meaʻai a lākou i ʻike ai he maʻi ʻaʻai

Pehea e lawelawe ai i ka epinephrine

Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka auto-injector, e heluhelu i nā ʻōkuhi. ʻOkoʻa iki kēlā me kēia meahana.

Mea nui

Ke loaʻa ʻoe i kāu lāʻau epinephrine auto-injector kuhikuhi mai ka lāʻau, ma mua o kou pono ia, e nānā iā ia no nā hemahema. ʻO ke kikoʻī, e nānā i ka hihia e hali ana a ʻike pono ʻaʻole ia i pale ʻia a e heʻe maʻalahi ka mea hoʻoweliweli auto. Eia kekahi, e nānā i ka pāpale palekana (maʻamau ka polū) a ʻike pono ʻaʻole hāpai ʻia. Pono ia e pīpī ʻia me nā ʻaoʻao o ka auto-injector. Inā ʻaʻole pahee iki kekahi o kāu mau mea hoʻopili auto mai loko mai o ka hihia a i ʻole he pāpale palekana e hāpai iki ʻia, e hoʻihoʻi i ka hale kūʻai no kahi pani. Hiki i kēia mau deformities ke hoʻolohi i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka lāʻau, a ʻo ka lohi o ka hopena anaphylactic hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. No laila hou, MA mua o kou makemake, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i ka auto-injector a e ʻike pono ʻaʻohe deformities.


Ma ka laulā, e hāʻawi i kahi injection epinephrine, e hāhai i nā kaupae ma lalo:

  1. Ho one i ka auto-injector mai ka halihali hihia.
  2. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e hemo i ka top palekana (maʻamau ka polū). E hana pono i kēia, paʻa i ke kino o ka auto-injector i kou lima koʻikoʻi a me kou lima ʻē aʻe e huki pololei i ka pāpale palekana me kāu lima ʻē aʻe. Mai hoʻāʻo e paʻa i ka peni i hoʻokahi lima a hoʻohuli i ka pāpale me ka manamana nui o ka lima like.
  3. E hoʻopaʻa i ka mea hoʻokomo i loko o kou lima me ka piko ʻalani e kuhikuhi ana i lalo, a me kou lima ma kou ʻaoʻao.
  4. E lūlū i kou lima i kou ʻaoʻao (e like me kāu e hana nei i ka ʻānela hau) a laila wikiwiki i lalo i kou ʻaoʻao i hele pololei ka piko o ka auto-injector i kou ʻūhā ma ka ʻaoʻao me kekahi ikaika.
  5. E waiho ma laila a kaomi i lalo a paʻa no 3 kekona.
  6. Wehe i ka injector auto mai kou ʻūhā.
  7. E hoʻihoʻi i ka injector auto i kāna hihia, a hele koke i ka ʻāpana pilikia o kahi haukapila kokoke loa no ka loiloi e ke kauka a hoʻolilo i kāu auto-injector.

Ma hope o kou hāʻawi ʻana i ka pahu kui, e kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole nā ​​lawelawe kūloko kūloko inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hana pēlā. E haʻi i ka mea hoʻouna e pili ana i ka hopena anaphylactic.

ʻOiai ʻoe e kali nei no nā mea pane pilikia

ʻOiai ʻoe e kali nei no ke kōkua olakino e hiki mai, e hana i kēia mau kaʻanuʻu e mālama iā ʻoe iho a i ʻole i ke kanaka e loaʻa nei ka palekana iā ʻoe.

  • Wehe i ke kumu o ka maʻi āpau. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā ʻeha ka nalo meli i hopena i ka hopena, e hemo i ka stinger me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kāleka hōʻaiʻē a i nā tweezers paha.
  • Inā manaʻo ke kanaka e kokoke ana lākou e maule a maule paha lākou, e hoʻomoe i ke kanaka ma ko lākou kua a hāpai i ko lākou mau wāwae i hiki i ke koko i ko lākou lolo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi iā lākou i kahi kapa moe e pumehana ai.
  • Inā lākou e hoʻolei a pilikia paha i ka hanu ʻana, keu hoʻi inā hāpai lākou, noho iā lākou a i mua iki hoʻi inā hiki, a i ʻole hoʻomoe iā lākou ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao.
  • Inā hele a makaʻu ʻole ke kanaka, hoʻomoe iā lākou me ke kūlou o ko lākou poʻo i ʻole e pani ʻia ko lākou ala ākea a nānā i ka lāʻau. Inā ʻaʻohe pulse a ʻaʻole hanu ke kanaka, e hāʻawi i ʻelua mau hanu wikiwiki a hoʻomaka i nā kaomi umauma CPR.
  • Hāʻawi i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e like me ka antihistamine a i ʻole ka inhaler, inā e huehue ana.
  • Inā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole nā ​​ʻōuli, hāʻawi i ke kanaka i kahi ʻokikū ʻē aʻe o ka epinephrine. Pono nā hana i 5 a 15 mau minuke ke kaʻawale.

ʻO ka pilikia o ka anaphylaxis rebound ma hope o ka epinephrine pilikia

Hiki i kahi injection o epinephrine pilikia ke hoʻopakele i ke ola o kekahi kanaka ma hope o ka hopena anaphylactic. Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka i loaʻa ka hopena anaphylactic pono e nānā a nānā ʻia i kahi lumi pilikia. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole pinepine ka anaphylaxis i hoʻokahi hopena. Hiki i nā ʻōuli ke rebound, hoʻi i nā hola a i ʻole mau lā ma hope o kou loaʻa ʻana o kahi epinephrine injection.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā anaphylaxis hiki wawe a hoʻoholo piha ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōuli a laila hoʻomaka hou i kekahi mau hola ma hope. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hola a i ʻole nā ​​lā ma hope.

Hana ʻia nā hopena Anaphylactic i loko o ʻekolu mau lauana:

  • Ka hopena uniphasic. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano hana ka mea maʻamau. Piko nā ʻōuli ma loko o 30 mau minuke i hoʻokahi hola ma hope o kou kū ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻano. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōuli ma loko o hoʻokahi hola, me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana, a hoʻi ʻole lākou.
  • Ka hopena o Biphasic. Hana ʻia nā hopena Biphasic ke hele aku nā ʻōuli no hoʻokahi hola a ʻoi, akā hoʻi a hoʻi ʻole me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻia o kāu i ka maʻi āpau.
  • Anaphylaxis lōʻihi. Kākaʻikahi kēia ʻano anaphylaxis. Hiki ke hopena i ka hopena no nā hola a i ʻole mau lā me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonā ʻana.

ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai ka Joint Task Force (JTF) e pili ana i nā Parameter Hoʻomaʻamaʻa e ʻōlelo ʻia e nānā ka poʻe i loaʻa ka hopena anaphylactic i kahi ER no 4 a 8 mau hola ma hope.

Paipai pū ka pūʻulu hana e hoʻouna ʻia lākou i ka home me kahi palapala no kahi epinephrine auto-injector - a me kahi hoʻolālā hana e pili ana i ka pehea a me ka manawa e hoʻokele ai ia - ma muli o ka hiki ke hana hou.

Mālama hope ʻo Anaphylaxis

ʻO ka makaʻu o ka rebound anaphylactic react e kūpono i ka loiloi olakino a me ka hope o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai no ka poʻe manaʻo maikaʻi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ka epinephrine.

Ke hele ʻoe i ka keʻena pilikia e mālama ʻia no ka anaphylaxis, e nānā pono ke kauka. E nānā nā limahana olakino i kou hanu ʻana a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka oxygen inā pono.

Inā hoʻomau ʻoe e ʻūpī a pilikia i ka hanu ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e ka waha, me ke aniani, a me kahi inhaler e kōkua ai iā ʻoe e hanu maʻalahi.

Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke komo pū:

  • bronchodilators
  • steroid
  • antihistamines

E loaʻa hou iā ʻoe ka epinephrine inā pono ʻoe ia. E nānā pono ʻia ʻoe a hāʻawi koke ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā hoʻi mai kāu mau ʻōuli a ʻino paha.

Pono paha ka poʻe me nā hopena koʻikoʻi loa i kahi puʻupuʻu hanu a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana e wehe i ko lākou mau ala kaʻa. ʻO ka poʻe e pane ʻole i ka epinephrine pono paha lākou e kiʻi i kēia lāʻau ma o ka aa.

Kāohi ʻana i nā hopena anaphylactic e hiki mai ana

I ka manawa i mālama maikaʻi ʻia ai ʻoe no kahi hopena anaphylactic, pono kāu pahuhopu e hōʻalo i kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e hana ai ʻo ia ke haʻalele iā ʻoe mai kāu pākī Allergy.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maopopo i ke kumu o kāu hopena, e ʻike i kahi mea aleremia no ka ʻili prick a i ʻole ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko e ʻike ai i kāu mea hoʻohua.

Inā maʻi ʻoe i kekahi meaʻai, heluhelu i nā lepili huahana e ʻike pono ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻai i kekahi mea o loko. Ke ʻai ʻoe i waho, e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea lawelawe e pili ana i kāu maʻi āpau.

Inā hōʻeha ʻoe i nā kolo, e hoʻokomo i kahi repellant insect i nā manawa āpau āu e hele ai i waho i ke kauwela a noho maikaʻi me nā pūlima lōʻihi a me nā pālule lōʻihi. E noʻonoʻo i nā koho lole māmā no ka waho e mālama iāʻoe akā e hauʻoli.

Mai ʻau i nā nalo, nīnū, a i nā pepeiaohao. E hoʻonāukiuki paha kēia iā ʻoe. Ma kahi o, e neʻe mālie aku iā lākou.

Inā maʻi ʻoe i ka lāʻau, e haʻi i kēlā me kēia kauka e kipa ʻoe e pili ana i kāu maʻi āpau, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e kuhikuhi i kēlā lāʻau iā ʻoe. E hoʻomaopopo pū i kāu kauka lāʻau. E noʻonoʻo e kau i kahi kūpeʻe lima lāʻau e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea pane pōpilikia he maʻi ʻaʻai kāu.

Lawe mau i kahi epinephrine auto-injector me ʻoe, inā e hālāwai ʻoe me kāu mea hoʻoiho aloi i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hoʻohana i kekahi manawa, e nānā i ka lā e ʻike ai ʻaʻole i pau.

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