Palena Placental

Anter

• Nā hana nui o ka placenta
• Nā kumu o ka lawa ʻole
• Nā ʻōuli
• Nā pilikia
• Makuahine
• Pēpē
• ʻIke a me ka hoʻokele
• Outlook

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO ka placenta kahi mea ulu i loko o ka ʻōpū i ka wā hāpai. ʻO ka lawa ʻole o ka placenta (i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pono ʻole o ka placenta a i ʻole ka lawa ʻole o ka vaskular uteroplacental) kahi mea maʻamau akā koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hāpai ʻana. Kū i ka wā ʻaʻole ulu pono ka placenta, a i ʻole hōʻino ʻia. Kuhi ʻia kēia maʻi kahe o ke koko e ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka lako o ka makuahine. Hiki ke hana i ka pilikia inā ʻaʻole e hoʻonui pono ke koko o ka makuahine e ka hapalua o ka hāpai ʻana.

Ke hana hewa ʻole ka placenta, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi pono i ka oxygen a me nā mea momona i ka pēpē mai ke kahena o ka makuahine. Me ka ʻole o kēia kākoʻo nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ka pēpē ke ulu a ulu. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa, hānau mua ʻole, a me nā kīnā hānau. Hāpai pū kekahi i ka nui o nā pilikia no ka makuahine. Ke hōʻike nei i kēia pilikia i ka wā mua he mea nui i ke olakino o nā makuahine a me nā pēpē.

Nā hana nui o ka placenta

ʻO ka placenta kahi meaolaola paʻakikī paʻakikī. Hana a ulu a kahi e hoʻopili ai ka hua manu momona i ka paia o ka kōpū.

Ulu ka umbilical cord mai ka placenta a ka piko o ka pēpē. ʻAe ʻia ke kahe o ke koko mai ka makuahine a i ka pēpē, a hoʻi hou. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke koko o ka makuahine a me ke koko o ka pēpē ma o ka placenta, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hui maoli.

ʻO nā hana mua a ka placenta e:

• neʻe i ka oxygen i loko o ke kahe o ke pēpē
• lawe i ke kalapona kalapona
• hāʻawi i nā meaʻai i ka pēpē
• hoʻoili ʻōpala no ka hoʻolei ʻia e ke kino o ka makuahine

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka placenta i ka hana hormone pū kekahi. Pale pū ia i ka fetus mai nā maʻi koʻohune a me nā maʻi ʻino.

Ke ulu mau nei kahi placenta olakino i loko o ka hāpai ʻana. Ua koho ka ʻAhahui hāpai keiki ʻAmelika ʻo ke kaumaha o ka placenta he 1 a 2 mau paona i ka manawa hānau.

Wehe ʻia ka placenta i ka wā hana. Wahi a ka Mayo Clinic, lawe ʻia ma waena o 5 a 30 mau minuke ma hope o ka pēpē.

Nā kumu o ka lawa ʻole

Hoʻopili ka lawa ʻole o ka Placental i nā pilikia kahe o ke koko. ʻOiai hiki i ke koko makuahine a me nā maʻi vascular ke hoʻonāukiuki iā ia, hiki i nā lāʻau a me nā ʻano nohona ke hoʻonāukiuki.

ʻO nā kūlana maʻamau e pili ana i ka lawa ʻole o ka placental:

• diabetes
• mau kiʻekiʻe ke koko kiʻekiʻe (hypertension)
• nā maʻi maʻi kō
• anemia
• kekahi mau lāʻau (e pili ana i ka lahilahi o ke koko)
• puhipaka
• lāʻau hoʻomāinoino (ʻo ka cocaine, heroin, a me ka methamphetamine)

Hiki paha ka lawa ʻole o ka placenta inā ʻaʻole hoʻopili pono ka placenta i ka paia uterine, a i ʻole inā haki ka placenta mai iā ia (abruption placental).

Nā ʻōuli

ʻAʻohe hōʻailona makuahine e pili ana me ka lawa ʻole o ka placental. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau hōʻailona ke alakaʻi i ka ʻike mua. E ʻike paha ka makuahine he ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna kōpū ma mua o nā hāpai mua. E neʻe ana paha ka ʻōpū ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.

Inā ʻaʻole e ulu pono ka pēpē, e liʻiliʻi ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, a ʻaʻole e ʻike nui ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka pēpē.

Hiki ke hana i ke kahe o ka maʻi Vaginal a i ʻole ka hopena o ka hana preterm me ka abruption placental.

Nā pilikia

Makuahine

ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ka lawa ʻole o ka Placental e hoʻoweliweli i ke ola i ka makuahine. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻi inā loaʻa ka hypertension a i ʻole diabetes.

I ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻike paha ka makuahine:

• preeclampsia (ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko a me ka hopena-ʻoki disfungsi)
• abruption placental (huki ka placenta mai ka paia uterine)
• hana mua a me ka lawe ʻana

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka preeclampsia ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaupaona, ka wāwae a me ka pehu ʻana o ka lima (edema), ʻeha poʻo, a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe.

Pēpē

ʻO ka mea ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana e lawa ʻole ai ka placental, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia no ka pēpē. ʻO nā pilikia o ka pēpē:

• ʻoi aku ka makaʻu o ka nele o ka oxygen ma ka hānau ʻana (hiki ke kumu i ka maʻi lolo a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe)
• kino kīnā
• mahana wela o ke kino (hypothermia)
• haʻahaʻa kō kō (hypoglycemia)
• ʻo ke kōpaʻa koko liʻiliʻi (hypocalcemia)
• ʻoi aku ke koko ʻulaʻula (polycythemia)
• hana paakiki
• lawe cesarean
• hānau hānau hou
• make

ʻIke a me ka hoʻokele

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mālama prenatal kūpono hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hōʻailona mua. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena no ka makuahine a me ka pēpē.

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e hiki ke ʻike i ka lawa ʻole o ka placental e:

• ultrasound hāpai keiki e ana i ka nui o ka placenta
• ultrasound e nānā i ka nui o ka fetus
• nā pae alpha-fetoprotein i ke koko o ka makuahine (kahi protein i hana ʻia i ke ake o ke pēpē)
• hoʻāʻo nūhou fetal (pili i ke komo ʻana o nā kāʻei ʻelua ma ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine a i kekahi manawa he buzzer akahai e hoʻāla i ka pēpē) e ana i ka helu o ka puʻuwai a me nā ʻaoʻao

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke koko kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kōkō hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē.

E ʻōlelo paha kahi papa mālama mālama makuahine:

• ka hoʻonaʻauao ma preeclampsia, a me ka nānā pono ʻana iā ia iho no ka maʻi
• kipa pinepine aku ke kauka
• hoʻomaha moe e mālama ai i ka wahie a me ka ikehu no ka pēpē
• ke kūkā kūkākūkā me kahi loea nui fetal makuahine

Pono paha ʻoe e mālama i kahi moʻolelo o kēlā me kēia lā ke neʻe a kiki paha ka pēpē.

Inā hopohopo e pili ana i ka hānau mua ʻana (32 mau pule a i ʻole ma mua), hiki i ka makuahine ke loaʻa nā kōkō steroid. Hoʻopau ka Steroids ma o ka placenta a hoʻoikaika i nā māmā o ka pēpē.

Pono paha ʻoe i ka mālama maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka mālama maʻi inā preeclampsia a i ʻole ke kapu ana o ka ulu intrauterine (IUGR) e lilo i mea koʻikoʻi.

Outlook

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka lawa ʻole o ka Placental, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia. He mea nui loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona mua a me ka mālama prenatal kūpono. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana o ka pēpē i ka ulu maʻamau a hoʻemi i ka makaʻu o nā pilikia hānau. Wahi a ka Halemai ʻo Mount Sinai, ʻike ʻia kahi kuanaʻike maikaʻi ke loaʻa ke kūlana ma waena o 12 a 20 mau pule.