Nā ʻāpana koko a me kā lākou mau hana

Anter

• Nā ʻāpana koko
• 1. ʻO Plasma
• 2. Nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​erythrocytes
• 3. Leukosit a i ʻole nā ​​ʻula koko keʻokeʻo
• 4. Nā platelet a i ʻole nā ​​thrombosit
• ʻAno Koko

ʻO ke koko kahi mea wai i loaʻa nā hana nui no ka hana kūpono o ka meaola, e like me ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen, nā meaola a me nā hormoni i nā hunaola, ke pale ʻana i ke kino i nā mea haole a me nā mea komo hewa a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā meaola, a he kuleana no ka hemo ʻana. nā meaʻaʻaʻa i hana ʻia i nā hana pūnaewele a pono ʻole e noho i ke kino, e like me carbon dioxide a me urea.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke koko i ka wai, nā ʻenemika, nā protein, nā minelala a me nā hunaola, e like me nā hunaʻula o ke koko, nā platelet a me nā leukosit, ʻo ia nā hunaola ke kuleana o ka hana koko. No laila he mea nui e hoʻopuni nei nā hunaola i nā nui kūpono e hōʻoia i ka hana kūpono o ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā pae o ke koko i mea nui e ʻike ai i kekahi mau maʻi e hiki mai ana, e like me ka anemia, leukemia, ka mumū a i ʻole ka maʻi, e laʻa paha.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo e loiloi i nā hunaola koko i ʻike ʻia he helu piha o ke koko a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokē ʻai e hana i kēia hoʻokolohua, hōʻike wale ʻia ia e hōʻalo ai i nā mea inu ʻona he 48 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo a pale aku i nā hana kino i ka lā 1 ma mua hoʻopilikia i nā hopena. E ʻike he aha ka helu o ke koko a pehea e wehewehe ai.

Nā ʻāpana koko

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke koko i kahi ʻāpana wai a me kahi ʻāpana paʻa. Kapa ʻia ka ʻāpana wai a me ka wai wai, 90% o ia wai wale nō a ʻo ke koena i haku ʻia i nā protein, nā ʻokena a me nā minelala

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻāpana paʻa o nā mea i kuhi ʻia, ʻo ia nā pūnaewele e like me nā hunaola ʻulaʻula, nā leukocytes a me nā platelet a me nā kuleana nui no ka hana pono ʻana o ka meaola.

1. ʻO Plasma

ʻO ka Plasma ka ʻāpana wai o ke koko, viscous i ke kūlike a me ke kala melemele. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Plasma i ke akepaʻa a ʻo nā protein nui i kēia manawa he globulins, albumin a me fibrinogen. ʻO ka Plasma ka hana o ka lawe ʻana i ka carbon dioxide, nā meaola a me nā toxins i hana ʻia e nā hunaola, a he kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau i loko o ke kino.

2. Nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​erythrocytes

ʻO nā hunaola ʻulaʻula ka paʻa, ʻāpana ʻulaʻula o ke koko i loaʻa ka hana o ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen ma loko o ke kino, ʻoiai he hemoglobin kona. Hana ʻia nā hunaola ʻulaʻula e ka iwi iwi, hope loa ma kahi o 120 mau lā a ma hope o kēlā wā e luku ʻia i ke akepaʻa a me ka puʻupaʻa.

ʻO ka nui o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i ka 1 cubic mm i loko o nā kāne ma kahi o 5 miliona a ma nā wahine ma kahi o 4.5 miliona, ke loaʻa kēia mau waiwai ma lalo o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia, he anemia paha kā ke kanaka. Hiki ke hana i kēia helu ma o kahi hōʻike i kapa ʻia he helu koko piha.

Inā ua hoʻokolohua ʻoe i kahi koko a makemake e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka hopena, e hoʻokomo i kāu kikoʻī ma aneʻi:

3. Leukosit a i ʻole nā ​​ʻula koko keʻokeʻo

ʻO Leukosit ke kuleana no ka pale ʻana i ka meaola a hana ʻia e ka iwi iwi a me nā lymph node. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā leukocytes e nā neutrophil, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes a me nā monocytes.

• Nā Neutrophils: Hāʻawi lākou i ka hakakā i nā inflammations liʻiliʻi a me nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria a fungi paha. Hōʻike kēia inā hōʻike ka hōʻike o ke koko i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā neutrophil, loaʻa paha i ke kanaka kekahi mumū i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi bacteria a fungus paha. Loaʻa nā neutrophil i nā koʻohune a me nā fungi, e hoʻolilo ʻole i kēia mau mea agena i mea ʻole, akā make a laila e hāpai ana i ka pā. Inā ʻaʻole haʻalele kēia pā i ke kino, kumu ia i ka pehu ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana o abscess.
• ʻO Eosinophils: Hāʻawi lākou i ka hakakā i nā maʻi parasite a me nā hopena maʻi.
• Nā Basophils: Mālama lākou i ka hakakā ʻana i nā koʻohune a me nā hopena ʻino, alakaʻi lākou i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o histamine, e alakaʻi ai i ka vasodilation i hiki i nā cell pale pale ke hōʻea i ka ʻāina e pono ai no ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka agena hoʻouka.
• Nā limahana: ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o lākou i ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic akā aia pū i loko o ke koko a he ʻelua mau ʻano: B a me nā pūnaewele T e lawelawe ana no nā mea pale e hakakā ai i nā maʻi ʻino a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Monositita: Hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ke kahe o ke koko a hana loea i ka phagocytosis, kahi i loko o ka luku ʻana i ka mea komo hewa a hōʻike i kahi ʻāpana o kēlā mea komo hewa i ka lymphocyte T i mea e hana ʻia ai nā hunaola ʻē aʻe.

E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i nā leukosit a me nā helu kuhikuhi.

4. Nā platelet a i ʻole nā ​​thrombosit

ʻO nā pāpale nā ​​hunaola ke kuleana no ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke koko. Pono kēlā me kēia 1 cubic millimeter o ke koko i 150,000 a i 400,000 mau pā.

Ke loaʻa ka pā liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka ma mua o ka maʻamau aia ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe ʻana, aia paha ka hemorrhage i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make, a ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā platelet ma mua o ka maʻamau aia kahi makaʻi o ka thrombus hoʻokumu i hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ke kaʻe ʻana i kekahi kīʻaha koko i hiki ke kumu infarction, hahau a i ʻole embolism pulmonary. E ʻike i ka manaʻo o nā platelet kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.

ʻAno Koko

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke koko e like me ke alo a me ka ʻole o nā antigens A a me B ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula. No laila, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano koko ʻehā e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ABO:

1. ʻAno Koko ʻA, kahi o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula e loaʻa ai ka antigen A ma ko lākou ʻili a hana i nā anti-B antodies;
2. ʻAno koko B, kahi o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i loaʻa i ka antigen B ma luna o lākou a hana i nā anti-A antibodies;
3. ʻAno koko AB, i loko o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i loaʻa i ʻelua ʻano antigen ma ko lākou ʻili;
4. ʻAno koko O, kahi ʻaʻohe antigens o ka erythrocytes, me ka hana ʻana i nā antigens anti-A a me anti-B.

ʻIke ʻia ke ʻano o ke koko i ka wā hānau ma o ka loiloi ʻana o ka hale hana. E ʻike i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kāu ʻano koko.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano koko a hoʻomaopopo pehea e holo ai ka manawaleʻa, ma ke wikiō aʻe: