ʻO Frostbite

Hoʻopōʻino ʻo Frostbite i ka ʻili a me nā aʻa o nā kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke anu nui. ʻO Frostbite ka hōʻeha kūpilikiʻi maʻamau.

Hana ʻia ʻo Frostbite ke hōʻike ʻia ka ʻili a me ke kino i ke anuanu anuanu no kahi manawa lōʻihi.

E hoʻomohala paha ʻoe i ka hau inā ʻoe:

• E lawe i nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia beta-blockers
• Loaʻa i ke koko maikaʻi ʻole i nā wāwae (maʻi ākea v peripheral)
• Puhi
• Loaʻa diabetes
• Loaʻa iā Raynaud hanana

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli o ka hau:

• Nā manaʻo o nā Pin a me nā nila, ukali ʻia e ka helu
• ʻO kaʻili paʻakikī, pale, a me ke anuanu i hōʻike ʻia i ke anuanu no ka lōʻihi loa
• Ka ʻeha ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana a me ka nele o ka manaʻo i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia
• ʻUlaʻula a ʻeha loa kaʻili a me nāʻiʻo e like me ka momona o ka wahi

Hiki i ka hau hau loa ke kumu:

• Pahū
• ʻO Gangrene (ʻeleʻele, nā mea make)
• Ka hōʻino i nā tendon, nā mākala, nā aʻa, a me ka iwi

Hiki i ka Frostbite ke hoʻopili i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino. ʻO nā lima, nā wāwae, ka ihu, a me nā pepeiao nā wahi e hiki ai ke pilikia.

• Inā ʻaʻole pili ka frostbite i kou mau kīʻaha koko, hiki i kahi hoʻōla piha.
• Inā pili ka hau i nā kīʻaha koko, paʻa mau ka pōʻino. Kū paha ʻo Gangrene. Koi paha kēia i ka hemo ʻana o ka ʻāpana o ke kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia (ʻoki ʻana).

ʻO ke kanaka me ka hau ma nā lima a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae paha i loaʻa iā ia me ka hypothermia (hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kino o ke kino). E hōʻoia no ka hypothermia a mālama i kēlā mau ʻōuli ma mua.

E hana i kēia mau kaʻina hana inā manaʻo ʻoe he hau paha kekahi.

1. E hūnā i ke kanaka mai ke anuanu a neʻe iā lākou i kahi mehana. Wehe i nā mea paʻa paʻa a me nā lole pulu. E nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka hypothermia (hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka mahana o ke kino) a mālama mua i kēlā ʻano.
2. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ke kōkua olakino me ka wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻōwili i nā wahi i hōʻino ʻia i nā lole steril. E hoʻomanaʻo e hoʻokaʻawale i nā manamana lima a me nā manamana wāwae. Lawe i ke kanaka i kahi keʻena pilikia no ka mālama hou.
3. Inā ʻaʻole kokoke ke kōkua olakino, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ke kanaka e hoʻi hou i ke kōkua mua. Hoʻopulu i nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wai mehana (ʻaʻole wela) - no 20 a 30 mau minuke. No nā pepeiao, ihu, a me nā papalina, hoʻopili pinepine i ka lole mehana. ʻO ka mahana o ka wai i koi ʻia ʻo 104 ° F a 108 ° F (40 ° C a 42.2 ° C). E hoʻomau i ka kaapuni ʻana i ka wai e kōkua i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana.Hiki ke hana i ka ʻeha nui, ka pehu ʻana, a me nā loli kala i ka wā o ka hoʻomehana ʻana. Piha ka hoʻomehana ʻana ke palupalu ka ʻili a hoʻi hou ka manaʻo.
4. E noi i nā lole maloʻo maloʻo, sterile i nā wahi hau. E kau i nā lole ma waena o nā manamana lima a i ʻole nā ​​manamana wāwae e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou.
5. E hoʻoneʻe i nā wahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i hiki iki.
6. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i nā ʻaoʻao o ka thawed i hiki ke hōʻeha i nā mea ʻoi loa. Kāohi i ka refreezing ma o ka wahī ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kanaka. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka pale mai ka refreezing, ʻoi aku paha ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopanee ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hou a hiki i kahi mahana, kahi palekana.
7. Inā koʻikoʻi ka hau, hāʻawi i ke kanaka i nā mea inu mehana e pani i nā wai i nalowale.

Ina o ka hau, MAI MAKA:

• Lele i kahi wahi hau inā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka wai. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha ka refreze i nā ʻino.
• E hoʻohana i ka wela maloo pololei (e like me ka radiator, campfire, hoʻomehana hoʻomehana, a me nā mea holoi lauoho) e hoʻoheheʻe i nā wahi hau. Hiki i ka wela pololei ke puhi i nā pūnaewele i hōʻino ʻia.
• Hoʻopili a lomilomi paha i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
• Hoʻohaunaele i nā ʻehu ma ka ʻili hau.
• Puhi a inu paha i nā mea inu ʻona i ka wā e hoʻōla ai ʻoiai hiki i nā mea ʻelua ke hoʻopili i ka holo o ke koko

Kāhea i kāu kahu mālama ola inā:

• Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hau hau
• ʻAʻole e hoʻi koke ka manaʻo maʻamau a me ke kala ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka home no ka hau ʻoluʻolu
• Ua kū mai nei ʻo Frostbite a ulu nā ʻōuli hou, e like me ke kuni, ka manaʻo ʻino, ka ʻili o ka ʻili, a i ʻole ka wai kahe mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia.

E makaʻala i nā kumu i hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hau. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• Nā lole pulu
• Makani kiʻekiʻe
• Kahe koko ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia i ka lole maikaʻi ʻole e nā lole paʻa a i ʻole nā ​​kāmaʻa, nā kūlana paʻa, ka luhi, kekahi mau lāʻau, ke puhipaka, ka hoʻohana ʻona ʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi e hoʻopili i nā kīʻaha koko, e like me ka maʻi kō.

E ʻaahu i nā lole e pale pono iā ʻoe i ke anu. Palekana i nā wahi ākea. I ke anuanu, e kau i nā mittens (ʻaʻole nā ​​mīkina lima); hōʻoia makani, pale wai, pale lole; 2 pālua kākini; a me kahi pāpale a scarf paha e uhi ana i nā pepeiao (e hōʻalo ai i ka pohō wela ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo).

Inā ʻoe e manaʻo e hōʻike i ke anu no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, mai inu i ka ʻalekohola a i ʻole puhi. E hōʻoia e lawa ka meaʻai a hoʻomaha.

Inā loaʻa i loko o kahi ʻino nui, e ʻimi i kahi e hoʻomoe ai a hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana e mālama ai i ka mehana o ke kino.

Hōʻike anu - nā lima a me nā wāwae paha

• Pahu kōkua mua
• Frostbite - mau lima
• ʻO Frostbite

Freer L, Handford C, Imray CHE. ʻO Frostbite. I: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, hua. Ka Laau Lāʻau ʻo Auerbach. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 9.

Sawka MN, O'Connor FG. Nā maʻi ma muli o ka wela a me ke anuanu. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 101.

Zafren K, Danzl DF. ʻO hypothermia pōʻino. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 132.

Zafren K, Danzl DF. Frostbite a nonfreezing ʻeha hōʻeha. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 131.