9 Myths About HIV / AIDS

Anter

• Myth # 1: ʻO HIV he ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻi make.
• Myth # 2: Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā loaʻa kekahi i ka maʻi HIV / AIDS e ka nānā ʻana iā lākou.
• Myth # 3: ʻAʻole hopohopo nā poʻe pololei e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV.
• Myth # 4: ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe maʻi HIV ke loaʻa palekana nā keiki.
• Myth # 5: Ke alakaʻi mau nei ʻo HIV i ka maʻi SIDA.
• Myth # 6: Me nā hana o kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea nui o ka maʻi HIV.
• Myth # 7: Inā lawe wau iā PrEP, ʻaʻole pono wau e hoʻohana i kahi condom.
• Myth # 8: ʻO ka poʻe e hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻole no ka maʻi HIV hiki ke loaʻa ka moekolohe ʻole ʻia.
• Myth # 9: Inā loaʻa ka maʻi i nā hoa like ʻelua, ʻaʻohe kumu o ka pale pale.
• Lawe ʻia

Wahi a nā helu helu hou loa mai nā Centers for Disease, Control, and Prevent, a puni ka honua. ʻOiai he nui nā holomua i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV i loko o nā makahiki, eia naʻe, nui nā hewa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana me ka maʻi HIV.

Ua kiʻi aku mākou i kekahi mau loea e kiʻi i ko lākou mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka manaʻo kuhihewa loa o ka poʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV / AIDS. Mālama kēia mau loea i ka poʻe, aʻo i nā haumāna lapaʻau, a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo i nā mea maʻi e kū pono ana i ka maʻi. Eia nā moʻoʻeiwa nui a me nā manaʻo kuhihewa a lākou, a me ka poʻe e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi ʻo AIDS, e hoʻomau nei i ka hakakā:

Myth # 1: ʻO HIV he ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻi make.

"Me ka lapaʻau kūpono, ke manaʻo nei mākou i kēia manawa me nā kānaka me ka HIV e ola i kahi ola maʻamau," wahi a Kauka Michael Horberg, ka luna aupuni o ka maʻi HIV / AIDS no Kaiser Permanente.

"Mai ka 1996, me ke kū mai o ka hana nui, antiretroviral therapy, hiki i ke kanaka me ka HIV me ke komo maikaʻi ʻana i ka antiretroviral therapy (ART) ke ola i kahi ola maʻamau, ke lawe lākou i kā lākou lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia," wahi a Dr. Amesh A. Adalja, he kauka maʻi maʻi lele i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia e ka papa, a he haumana kiʻekiʻe hoʻi ma ka Johns Hopkins Center no ka palekana olakino. Ke lawelawe nei ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui o Pittsburgh's HIV Commission a ma ka hui aʻoaʻo a AIDS Free Pittsburgh.

Myth # 2: Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā loaʻa kekahi i ka maʻi HIV / AIDS e ka nānā ʻana iā lākou.

Inā ʻaelike kekahi kanaka i ka maʻi HIV, ʻike ʻole ʻia nā ʻōuli. Hōʻike paha kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV i nā ʻōuli e like me nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kuni, ka luhi, a i ʻole ka malaise ākea. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo nā ʻōuli haʻahaʻa akahi wale nō ka hala o kekahi mau pule.

Me ka hoʻolauna mua ʻana o nā lāʻau antiretroviral, hiki ke mālama pono ʻia ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ke kanaka me ka maʻi HIV i loaʻa i ka mālama antiretroviral he olakino maikaʻi a ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā olakino olakino.

ʻO nā ʻōuli stereotypical e pili pinepine ka poʻe me ka HIV he ʻōuli maoli ia o nā pilikia i hiki ke ala aʻe mai nā maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia. Eia nō naʻe, me ka mālama pono ʻana i ka antiretroviral a me nā lāʻau, ʻaʻole e loaʻa kēlā mau hōʻailona i kahi kanaka e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV.

Myth # 3: ʻAʻole hopohopo nā poʻe pololei e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV.

He ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i nā kāne i loaʻa pū kekahi i nā kāne moe kolohe. ʻO nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā bisexual ka poʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻi HIV.

"ʻIke mākou ʻo ka pūʻulu kūpilikiʻi kiʻekiʻe loa nā kāne e moekolohe me nā kāne," wahi a Kauka Horberg. Hōʻike kēia hui i kahi ma USA, e like me ka CDC.

Eia nō naʻe, he 24 mau pakeneka o nā maʻi HIV hou i loaʻa iā heterosexuals ma 2016, a ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o kēlā mau wahine.

ʻOiai ʻo ka helu o nā kāne a me nā bisexual kāne ʻeleʻele e noho nei me ka HIV i noho like me ia ma United States, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā maʻi HIV hou mai ka 2008 e 18 pākēneka. ʻImi nā diagnostics i waena o nā kāne heterosexual ma ka nui i ka 36 pākēneka, a ua hoʻemi ʻia i waena o nā wahine āpau e 16 pākēneka.

Kū ka poʻe ʻApelika-ʻAmelika i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi HIV ma mua o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, no ka mea o ko lākou moekolohe. , ka helu o nā diagnose HIV no nā kāne ʻeleʻele ʻaneʻane ʻewalu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kāne keʻokeʻo a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe no nā wahine ʻEleʻele; ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o 16 i nā wahine ʻEleʻele ma mua o nā wahine keʻokeʻo, a ʻo 5 mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā wahine Hispanic. Hana nā wahine ʻApelika-ʻAmelika i ka maʻi HIV ma mua o nā lāhui a lāhui ʻē aʻe paha. E like me ka 2015, 59% o nā wahine e noho nei me ka HIV ma United States he ʻAmelika-ʻAmelika, ʻoiai he 19% he Hispanic / Latina, a he 17% keʻokeʻo.

Myth # 4: ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe maʻi HIV ke loaʻa palekana nā keiki.

ʻO ka mea nui a ka wahine e noho nei me ka HIV e hiki ke hana i ka wā e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka hāpai keiki e hana pū me kāna mea mālama ola e hoʻomaka ART lapaʻau i ka wā hiki. Ma muli o ka holo nui ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka maʻi HIV, inā lawe ka wahine i kāna lāʻau HIV i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ka ʻōlelo a ke kahu mālama ola i loko o kāna hapai holoʻokoʻa (e like me ka hana a me ka hānau ʻana), a hoʻomau i ka lāʻau no kāna pēpē no 4 a 6 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i ka pēpē hiki ke like.

Aia kekahi mau ala no ka makuahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu o ka lawe ʻia ʻana inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi viral ma mua o ka mea i makemake ʻia, e like me ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻāpana C a hānai ʻōmole paha me ka haʻihaʻi ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Hiki i nā wahine HIV maikaʻi ʻole akā ke nānā nei e hāpai me kahi kāne kāne e hāpai ana i ka maʻi HIV hiki ke lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻana iā lākou a me kā lākou pēpē. No nā kāne i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV a ke lawe nei i kā lākou lāʻau ART, ʻo ka makaʻu o ka lawe ʻana he aneane ʻole inā ʻike ʻole ʻia ka ukana viral.

Myth # 5: Ke alakaʻi mau nei ʻo HIV i ka maʻi SIDA.

ʻO ka maʻi HIV ke kumu o ka maʻi maʻi. Akā ʻaʻole kēia he manaʻo e hoʻomohala nā mea āpau i ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ka maʻi AIDS kahi maʻi o ka hemahema ʻōnaehana ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi i ka manawa a pili pū ʻia me ka pane nāwaliwali o ka pale a me nā maʻi āpau. Kāohi ʻia ʻo AIDS e ka mālama mua ʻana i ka maʻi HIV.

"Me nā hoʻoponopono o kēia manawa, hiki i nā pae o ka maʻi HIV ke mālama ʻia a mālama haʻahaʻa ʻia, ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana olakino olakino no ka manawa lōʻihi a no laila ke pale nei i nā maʻi kūpono a me ka hōʻoia o ka maʻi SIDA," wehewehe ʻo Dr. Richard Jimenez, ka polofesa o ke olakino lehulehu ma ke Kulanui ʻo Walden. .

Myth # 6: Me nā hana o kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea nui o ka maʻi HIV.

ʻOiai ua nui nā holomua olakino i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV, hiki nō i ka maʻi virus ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia, a he mea nui ka hopena o ka make no kekahi mau pūʻulu kanaka.

Loaʻa ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV a me ka hopena o ke kanaka ma muli o ka makahiki, ke kāne, ka moekolohe, ka nohona, a me ka lāʻau. Loaʻa i kahi CDC kahi mea hōʻemi hōʻemi e hiki ke kōkua i ke kanaka e koho i ko lākou kūlana pilikino a lawe i nā hana e pale ai iā lākou iho.

Myth # 7: Inā lawe wau iā PrEP, ʻaʻole pono wau e hoʻohana i kahi condom.

ʻO PrEP (prophylaxis pre-exposed) kahi lāʻau e hiki ke pale aku i ka maʻi HIV ma mua, inā lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā.

Wahi a Kauka Horberg, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi noiʻi ma Kaiser Permanente ma 2015 i ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana iā PrEP no ʻelua a me ka hapa makahiki, a ʻike ʻia he maikaʻi loa ia i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi HIV, inā lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Ke koi aku nei ka US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) i kēia manawa i nā kānaka āpau i ka nui o ka maʻi HIV e lawe iā PrEP.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka moekolohe a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻino.

"Paipai ʻia ʻo PrEP e hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā hana moekolohe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoiai ua hōʻike pū ʻia kā mākou noiʻi i ka hapalua o nā maʻi e komo pū ana i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi lele ma hope o 12 mau mahina," wahi a Kauka Horberg.

Myth # 8: ʻO ka poʻe e hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻole no ka maʻi HIV hiki ke loaʻa ka moekolohe ʻole ʻia.

Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV, ʻaʻole paha ia e hōʻike ʻia ma kahi hōʻike HIV a hiki i ʻekolu mau mahina ma hope.

"Hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo antibody-maʻamau ma o ka ʻike ʻana i ke alo o nā lāʻau ʻino i loko o ke kino e hoʻomohala ke maʻi ʻo HIV i ke kino," wehewehe ʻo Kauka Gerald Schochetman, ka luna nui o nā maʻi lele me nā Abbott Diagnostics. Ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka HIV ma hope o kekahi mau pule, a i ʻole ʻekolu mau mahina ma hope o ka hiki ke hōʻike. E noi i ke kanaka e hana nei i ka hoʻāʻo e pili ana i kēia wā window a me ka manawa o ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana.

Pono nā kānaka e lawe i ka lua o ka hoʻokolohua HIV i ʻekolu mau mahina ma hope o kā lākou mua, e hōʻoia i ka heluhelu maikaʻi ʻole. Inā lākou e moekolohe maʻamau, hōʻike ka San Francisco AIDS Foundation i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mahina. He mea nui i ke kanaka e kūkākūkā i kā lākou mōʻaukala moekolohe me kā lākou hoa, a e kamaʻilio pū me ka mea mālama ola e pili ana inā he moho maikaʻi lākou a me kā lākou hoa pili no PrEP.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo combo HIV, hiki ke ʻike i ka maʻi ma mua.

Myth # 9: Inā loaʻa ka maʻi i nā hoa like ʻelua, ʻaʻohe kumu o ka pale pale.

ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi kanaka e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV ma ke ʻano maʻamau antiretroviral therapy e hōʻemi i ka maʻi i nā pae i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke koko ke lawe i ka maʻi HIV i kahi hoa i ka wā o ka moekolohe. ʻO ka ʻae kūkā olakino o kēia manawa ʻo "Undetectable = Untransmittable."

Eia nō naʻe, paipai ka CDC inā loaʻa nā maʻi i nā kāne ʻelua, pono lākou e hoʻohana i nā condom i kēlā me kēia hui kolohe. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻoili i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi HIV i kekahi hoa, a i ʻole i kekahi mau hanana kakaikahi, e hoʻoili i kahi ʻano o ka HIV i manaʻo ʻia he "superinfection" mai kahi kānana e kūʻē i nā lāʻau ART i kēia manawa.

Kākaʻikahi loa ka makaʻu o kahi superinfection mai ka maʻi HIV; kuhi ka CDC aia ka pilikia ma waena o 1 a me 4 pākēneka.

Lawe ʻia

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea hoʻōla no ka maʻi HIV / AIDS, hiki i nā poʻe me HIV ke ola lōʻihi, ke ola me ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama pono antiretroviral.

"ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau antiretroviral o kēia manawa no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV ma nā haʻahaʻa a me ka pale ʻana iā ia mai ke kope ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale maʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe mea e ola ai no ka maʻi SIDA a i ʻole kahi lāʻau āpau e kūʻē i ka maʻi HIV, ka maʻi hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻopuka nei i ka maʻi AIDS wehewehe ʻo Kauka Jimenez.

I ka manawa like, ʻo ka noʻonoʻo i kēia manawa inā hiki i kahi kanaka ke mālama i ka kaohi ʻana o ka viral, a laila ʻaʻole e holomua ka maʻi a ʻaʻole ia e luku i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Aia kekahi ʻikepili e kākoʻo ana i kahi ola i hoʻopōkole ʻia no ka poʻe me ka hoʻopiʻi viral ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka poʻe me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV.

ʻOiai ua nui ka nui o nā hihia hou o ka maʻi HIV, e like me ka, aia nō i kahi o 50,000 mau hihia hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma United States wale nō.

ʻO ka hopohopo, "ua hoʻonui maoli ʻia nā hihia hou o ka HIV ma waena o kekahi mau heluna pōpilikia e like me nā wahine o ke kala, nā kāne ʻōpio i moe kolohe me nā kāne, a me nā heluna paʻakikī e hiki ai," e like me kā Dr. Jimenez.

He aha ka manaʻo o kēia? ʻO ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi ʻoi loa ka nui o nā hopohopo olakino lehulehu. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia i nā lāhui nāwaliwali no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. ʻOiai ka holomua i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka loaʻa o nā lāʻau e like me PrEP, ʻaʻohe manawa kēia e hoʻokuʻu i kahi kiaʻi o kekahi.

Wahi a ka (CDC):

• Ma mua o 1.2 miliona mau ʻAmelika i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV.
• I kēlā me kēia makahiki, 50,000 ka poʻe ʻAmelika i ʻike ʻia
  me ka maʻi HIV.
• ʻO ka maʻi AIDS, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka HIV, make he 14,000
  ʻAmelika i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

"Ua lilo ka makaʻu o ka hanauna ʻōpio i ka makaʻu iā HIV ma muli o ke kūleʻa o ka lāʻau. ʻO kēia ke kumu o lākou e hana ai i nā ʻano kūpilikiʻi, e alakaʻi ana i ka nui o ka maʻi i nā kāne ʻōpio i moe kolohe me nā kāne ʻē aʻe. "

- Kauka Amesh Adalja