He aha ka Metamorphopsia?

Anter

• Hōʻike Overview
• Nā ʻōuli o ka metamorphopsia
• Nā kumu Metamorphopsia
• Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki (AMD)
• Nā membrane Epiretinal (ERM)
• Edema makala
• Wehe retina
• Puka mākala
• ʻIkioma Metamorphopsia
• Hoʻomaʻo Metamorphopsia
• ʻO ka nānā Metamorphopsia

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO Metamorphopsia kahi kīnā kiʻi e kumu i nā mea laina, e like me nā laina ma ka makai, e nānā i ka ʻōwili a i ʻole ka pōʻai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā pilikia me ka retina o ka maka, a, me ka makula.

ʻO ka retina he ʻāpana lahilahi o nā hunaola ma ka hope o ka maka i ʻike ʻia ka māmā a hoʻouna ʻia - ma o ke aʻalolo optic -impulses i ka lolo, e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike. Noho ka macula ma waenakonu o ka retina a kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea i ke kikoʻī kikoʻī. Ke hoʻopili ʻia kekahi o kēia mau mea e ka maʻi, ʻeha, a mau makahiki paha, hiki i ka metamorphopsia ke hopena.

Nā ʻōuli o ka metamorphopsia

Hoʻopili ka Metamorphopsia i ka hihi waena (e pili ana i ka peripheral, a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao) a kekeʻe i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mea laina. Hiki iā ia ke hana i hoʻokahi maka a ʻelua paha. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka metamorphopsia, ʻike paha ʻoe i kēlā:

• ʻO nā mea pololei, e like me ka pou kia, wavy.
• ʻO nā mea pālahalaha, e like me ka hōʻailona ponoʻī, nānā pōʻai.
• Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā helehelena, e like me ke alo. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohālikelike kekahi i ka metamorphopsia i ka nānā ʻana i kahi kiʻi Picasso, me nā multidimensions.
• Hōʻike ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o lākou (kapa ʻia micropsia) a i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou (macropsia). Wahi a ka noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma Ophthalmic Research, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka micropsia ma mua o ka macropsia.

Nā kumu Metamorphopsia

Hiki i ka metamorphopsia kahi hōʻailona o nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole e pili ana i ka retina a me ka macula. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki (AMD)

ʻO kēia kahi maʻi maʻamau, hoʻohaʻahaʻa e hoʻopili ana i ka macula, ka ʻāpana o ka maka e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea i ka nānā nui a me nā kikoʻī maikaʻi. Hōʻike ka National Eye Institute i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa makula e pili ana i nā makahiki (AMD) ʻo:

• ke kumu nui o ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi i waena o kēlā mau 50 a ʻoi
• ʻaʻole apt e hana a hiki i ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki 60
• hoʻopili ʻia i nā genetics
• pili paha i nā kumu kaiapuni e like me ka papaʻai a me ka puhipaka

I hoʻokahi e nānā ana iā AMD a me nā metamorphopsia:

• 45 pākēneka o nā kumuhana aʻo i loaʻa i nā hiʻohiona ʻike o nā laina (e laʻa me ka nūpepa a me nā hōʻike kamepiula)
• Ua ʻike ʻo 22.6 pakeneka i nā hiʻohiʻo o nā pale aniani a me nā waihona puke
• Ua loaʻa iā 21.6 pakeneka i nā kuhi o nā laina o ka tile o ka lua
• 18.6 pakeneka ʻike i ka distortions o nā helehelena

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka AMD Wet i ka metamorphopsia ma mua o ka AMD maloʻo. ʻO Wet AMD kahi maʻi kūpilikiʻi kahi e kulu ai nā kīʻaha koko i ke koko a me ka wai a ʻo ka hopena, hōʻino i ka macula. I ka AMD maloʻo, lahilahi ka macula ma muli o ka makahiki a me nā protein momona (i kapa ʻia ʻo drusen) ʻōpala ma lalo o ka ʻili, e lilo ana ka nalo o ka hihi.

Nā membrane Epiretinal (ERM)

ʻO nā ERM (nā membrane epiretinal) i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā puckers macular. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e kahi kīnā i ka ʻili o ka retina. Hiki i kēia hemahema ke kumu i nā makahiki, nā waimaka retina, a me nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ka mea e hoʻopili i nā wahi vascular i ka maka.

Hoʻomaka ka ERM e nā hunaola e ulu ana ma ka membrane retinal mālie. Hiki i kēia ulu ʻana o ke kelepona ke hoʻohiki i huki i ka retina a kumu i ʻike hewa ʻia.

Ma kahi o 20 pākēneka o ko ʻAmelika ma kahi o 75 mau makahiki i loaʻa iā ERM, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui nā hihia āpau e koi i ka lāʻau.

Edema makala

ʻO kēia kahi ʻano e kūkulu ai ka wai i ka macula. Hiki ke hoʻokahe kēia wai mai nā kīʻaha koko e pili ana i lilo i mea pōʻino ma muli o:

• nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi kō
• ʻoki kino o ka maka
• kekahi mau maʻi ʻōpala (e like me ka uveitis, a i ʻole ka mumuna o ka maka o ka uvea a i ʻole ka papa waena o ka maka)

ʻO kēia wai keu ke kumu e pehu a mānoanoa ka macula, e hoʻowalewale i ka ʻike.

Wehe retina

Ke hoʻokaʻawale ka retina mai nā hale e kākoʻo iā ia, hoʻopili ʻia ka hihi. Hiki paha kēia ma muli o ka hōʻeha, maʻi, a trauma paha.

ʻO kahi retina hoʻokaʻawale kahi pilikia olakino a koi ʻia i ka mālama koke ʻana e pale i ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me nā "floater" (specks i kāu hihiʻo) a i ʻole nā ​​kukuna o ke kukui i kou mau maka.

Puka mākala

E like me ka manaʻo o ka inoa, ʻo kahi puka macular kahi waimaka liʻiliʻi a haki paha i ka macula. Hiki i kēia haki ke hana ma muli o ka makahiki. Hana ia i ka wā e emi ai ka gel e hāʻawi i ka maka i kona ʻano pōʻai a ʻaelike, e huki ana mai ka retina a hoʻoulu i nā waimaka.

Kū pinepine nā lua macular i kēlā mau mea ma mua o 60. Inā pili ka maka hoʻokahi, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka 10 a 15 pākēneka manawa kūpono e hoʻomohala iā ia i ka maka ʻē aʻe.

ʻIkioma Metamorphopsia

Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā ʻano hana he nui - ka hapanui e pili ana i nā pakuhi a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi me nā laina - e kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i ka metamorphopsia. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻike i nā distortions i nā laina ke loaʻa ʻole kekahi e loaʻa ka retina a i ʻole macular pilikia a me ka metamorphopsia e hiki mai ana.

• Pahu ʻo Amsler. E noi paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe e nānā i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Amsler grid. E like me ka pepa makaukau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka papa geometry, ua kaulike ke kaulike a me nā laina kū i luna me kahi kiko kiko waena.
• ʻO ke anapuni hyperacuity preferential (PHP). ʻO kēia kahi ho'āʻo kahi i pā ai nā laina kiko me nā distortions hana i mua ou. E noi ʻia ʻoe e koho i nā laina i kūlike ʻole a i ʻole.
• M-pakuhi. ʻO kēia nā pakuhi me hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau laina kū i luna i hana ʻia i nā kiko liʻiliʻi, hou me kahi kiko kiko waena.

Hoʻomaʻo Metamorphopsia

ʻOiai ʻo ka metamorphopsia kahi hōʻailona o kahi retina a i ʻole macular pilikia, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ma lalo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike i kuhi hewa.

ʻO kahi laʻana, inā ua pulu ʻoe iā AMD, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i ke kahakaha laser e hoʻōki a hoʻōlohi paha i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko mai nā moku kīnā ʻole i kāu retina.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe iā AMD maloʻo, ʻōlelo ʻia paha ʻoe e lawe i kekahi mau mea hoʻopili, e like me nā huaora C a me E, lutein a me zeaxanthin i hōʻike ʻia e hoʻolohi i ka maʻi.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi retina kaʻawale, pono ke ʻoki e hoʻohui hou ia e pono. Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā metamorphopsia e pili ana - akā hiki ke lōʻihi. I hoʻokahi noiʻi, ʻoi aku i ka hapalua o nā kumuhana aʻo i loaʻa i kekahi metamorphopsia i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ke kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻana no kahi retina kaʻawale.

ʻO ka nānā Metamorphopsia

ʻO ka hihi ʻike hewa kahi hiʻohiʻona o metamorphopsia kahi hōʻailona maʻamau o ka retina a me nā pilikia maka macular. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ke kumu a me kona koʻikoʻi, nui a nui ʻole paha ka metamorphopsia. Ma ka laulā, eia nō naʻe, ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi o ka maka i kumu e pilikia ai ka hihi, hoʻomaikaʻi ka metamorphopsia.

E kamaʻilio me ke kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i nā loli i kāu hihiʻo. E like me nā mea he nui, ʻike mua ʻia a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi hopena maikaʻi aʻe.